Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
565 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-67182 (GCVE-0-2026-67182)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 16:18 – Updated: 2026-07-28 17:10 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rouille 0.3.3 - 3.6.2 HTTP Request Smuggling via proxy Header Injection
Summary
Rouille 0.3.3 through 3.6.2 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to bypass access controls by injecting bare line feed characters (0x0A) into client-supplied request header values that are copied verbatim to upstream connections without validation. Attackers can craft a header value containing a complete additional HTTP request that is interpreted as a separate request by backends such as Go net/http and Python http.server, causing the backend to process a smuggled request with attacker-chosen method, path, and headers that bypasses the rouille handler's access control logic.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/theopaid/HTTP-Request-Smugglin… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rouille-http… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-26 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-67181 (GCVE-0-2026-67181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 16:10 – Updated: 2026-07-28 16:35 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rouille 0.3.3 - 3.6.2 HTTP Request Smuggling via proxy Transfer-Encoding Header
Summary
Rouille 0.3.3 through 3.6.2 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize HTTP message boundaries by exploiting improper header forwarding in the proxy implementation. The proxy in src/proxy.rs forwards the client's Transfer-Encoding header to upstream backends unchanged while transmitting a body already de-chunked by tiny_http, enabling CL.TE desynchronization attacks where attackers control where the backend believes the request body ends.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/theopaid/HTTP-Request-Smugglin… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rouille-http… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-66752 (GCVE-0-2026-66752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 15:44 – Updated: 2026-07-28 17:31 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
tiny-http 0.12.0 HTTP Request Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding Handling
Summary
tiny-http through 0.12.0 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize request framing by sending a Transfer-Encoding header with any value, including non-chunked codings, which causes the library to unconditionally apply chunk-decoding and discard Content-Length. Attackers can exploit the discrepancy between tiny_http's improper Transfer-Encoding parsing and a correctly-implemented front-end proxy to produce two distinct interpretations of a single byte stream, enabling request smuggling, and can additionally send non-chunked bodies with non-chunked Transfer-Encoding values to cause failed body reads that tie up connections and consume worker threads without signaling errors to clients.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/theopaid/HTTP-Request-Smugglin… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tiny-http-ht… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-26 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-66338 (GCVE-0-2026-66338)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-24 23:01 – Updated: 2026-07-27 14:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libsoup: libsoup: http request smuggling via permissive chunk-size parsing in soup_body_input_stream_read_chunked()
Summary
A flaw was found in libsoup. The chunked transfer encoding parser uses a permissive parsing function for chunk sizes that silently accepts inputs violating RFC 9112, including leading whitespace, plus sign prefixes, and trailing invalid characters. When libsoup operates behind a strict frontend proxy, this parsing differential can be exploited to smuggle HTTP requests.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-66338 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2506950 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
Date Public
2026-06-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-59249 (GCVE-0-2026-59249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 11:39 – Updated: 2026-07-17 10:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sign-tolerant HTTP/1 chunk-size parser in Mint enables response smuggling against strict intermediaries on pooled connections
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests (HTTP response smuggling) vulnerability in elixir-mint mint allows a malicious HTTP/1 server to desynchronize a strict intermediary and the Mint client on the same pooled connection, enabling response-queue poisoning against subsequent requests that share the connection.
The Mint.HTTP1.decode_body/5 function in lib/mint/http1.ex parses the chunk-size line of a Transfer-Encoding: chunked response with Integer.parse(data, 16). RFC 7230 defines chunk-size = 1*HEXDIG and forbids any sign prefix, but Integer.parse/2 accepts an optional leading + or -. A chunk-size line of +5 is accepted as a five-byte chunk; lines of +0 and -0 are accepted as the terminating zero-length chunk and end the message body early.
An RFC-strict intermediary in the response path rejects these forms, so the intermediary and the Mint client disagree on where one response ends and the next begins. On a pooled keep-alive connection, an attacker-influenced origin can inject bytes that the client attributes to the next legitimate response on the same connection, poisoning the response queue and corrupting the responses returned to unrelated in-flight requests.
This issue affects mint: from 0.1.0 before 1.9.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elixir-mint/mint/security/advi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59249.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59249 | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-mint/mint/commit/fc7d16… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-mint | mint |
Affected:
0.1.0 , < 1.9.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-mint:mint:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| elixir-mint | mint |
Affected:
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(git)
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CVE-2026-58055 (GCVE-0-2026-58055)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 01:32 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nghttp2 nghttpx - HTTP Request/Response Smuggling via Upgrade Request with Content-Length
Summary
nghttp2's nghttpx proxy through 1.69.0 forwards an HTTP/1.1 Upgrade request that also carries a Content-Length header and body onto reusable keep-alive backend connections, re-adding the Upgrade and Connection headers while passing Content-Length verbatim. A backend that resolves the resulting ambiguous message in the attacker's favor enables HTTP request/response smuggling and cross-client response-queue poisoning.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bikini/exploitarium/tree/main/… | exploitthird-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/nghttp2/nghttp2/commit/ab28105… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nghttp2-nght… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-06-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-54388 (GCVE-0-2026-54388)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:59 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tinyproxy - HTTP Request Smuggling via Duplicate Content-Length Headers
Summary
Tinyproxy through 1.11.3, fixed in commit 364cdb6, fails to reject requests containing multiple Content-Length headers with differing values, forwarding all duplicate headers to the backend while using the first value to determine how many request body bytes to consume. Remote attackers can desynchronize the proxy and backend parser state, allowing injection of arbitrary HTTP requests to the backend to enable cache poisoning, access control bypass, and request hijacking.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/issues/609 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/pull/610 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/commit/364… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tinyproxy-ht… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-54387 (GCVE-0-2026-54387)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tinyproxy - HTTP Request Smuggling via CL/TE Desynchronization
Summary
Tinyproxy through 1.11.3, fixed in commit ff45d3b, fails to reconcile conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers, forwarding both verbatim to the backend while using Content-Length to determine how many request body bytes to consume. Remote attackers can desynchronize the proxy and backend parser state, allowing injection of arbitrary HTTP requests to the backend to enable cache poisoning, access control bypass, and request hijacking.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/issues/609 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/pull/610 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/commit/ff4… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tinyproxy-ht… | third-party-advisory |
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Date Public
2026-05-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-53538 (GCVE-0-2026-53538)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:56 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Python-Multipart: Semicolon treated as querystring field separator enables parameter smuggling
Summary
Python-Multipart is a streaming multipart parser for Python. Prior to 0.0.30, QuerystringParser treated ; as a field separator in application/x-www-form-urlencoded bodies, in addition to &. The WHATWG URL standard, modern browsers, and Python's urllib.parse (since the CVE-2021-23336 fix) treat only & as a separator. This creates a parser differential: the same bytes are tokenized into different fields than a WHATWG compliant intermediary would produce, allowing an attacker to smuggle extra form fields past an upstream body inspecting component. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.0.30.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kludex | python-multipart |
Affected:
< 0.0.30
|
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CVE-2026-52845 (GCVE-0-2026-52845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:52 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: FastCGI header normalization bypass in `forward_auth copy_headers`
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to 2.11.4, forward_auth copy_headers deletes the exact client-supplied identity header before copying the trusted value from the auth gateway. But when the request later goes through php_fastcgi, Caddy normalizes HTTP headers into CGI variables by replacing - with _. This lets a client send an underscore alias that survives the forward_auth delete step but becomes the same PHP/FastCGI variable. Result: a remote client can inject or sometimes override identity/group headers trusted by PHP/FastCGI applications behind Caddy. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.4.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-52845 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491907 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
< 2.11.4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
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"time": "2026-06-23T17:52:01.871Z",
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"title": "github.com/caddyserver/caddy: Caddy: Remote client can inject or override identity headers via header normalization",
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Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.