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CVE-2025-22025 (GCVE-0-2025-22025)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:11 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
Title
nfsd: put dl_stid if fail to queue dl_recall
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: put dl_stid if fail to queue dl_recall Before calling nfsd4_run_cb to queue dl_recall to the callback_wq, we increment the reference count of dl_stid. We expect that after the corresponding work_struct is processed, the reference count of dl_stid will be decremented through the callback function nfsd4_cb_recall_release. However, if the call to nfsd4_run_cb fails, the incremented reference count of dl_stid will not be decremented correspondingly, leading to the following nfs4_stid leak: unreferenced object 0xffff88812067b578 (size 344): comm "nfsd", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044002 (age 5541.241s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 01 00 00 00 6b 6b 6b 6b b8 02 c0 e2 81 88 ff ff ....kkkk........ 00 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de .kkkkkkk.....N.. backtrace: kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700 nfsd4_process_open1+0x34/0x300 nfsd4_open+0x2d1/0x9d0 nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30 nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0 svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0 svc_process+0x2a3/0x320 nfsd+0x180/0x2e0 kthread+0x199/0x1d0 ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 unreferenced object 0xffff8881499f4d28 (size 368): comm "nfsd", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044005 (age 5541.239s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff ........0M.I.... 30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff 20 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0M.I.... ....... backtrace: kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700 nfs4_alloc_stid+0x29/0x210 alloc_init_deleg+0x92/0x2e0 nfs4_set_delegation+0x284/0xc00 nfs4_open_delegation+0x216/0x3f0 nfsd4_process_open2+0x2b3/0xee0 nfsd4_open+0x770/0x9d0 nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30 nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0 svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0 svc_process+0x2a3/0x320 nfsd+0x180/0x2e0 kthread+0x199/0x1d0 ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 Fix it by checking the result of nfsd4_run_cb and call nfs4_put_stid if fail to queue dl_recall.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < b874cdef4e67e5150e07eff0eae1cbb21fb92da1 (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < cdb796137c57e68ca34518d53be53b679351eb86 (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < d96587cc93ec369031bcd7658c6adc719873c9fd (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < 9a81cde8c7ce65dd90fb47ceea93a45fc1a2fbd1 (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < cad3479b63661a399c9df1d0b759e1806e2df3c8 (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < 63b91c8ff4589f5263873b24c052447a28e10ef7 (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < 133f5e2a37ce08c82d24e8fba65e0a81deae4609 (git)
Affected: b5a1a81e5c25fb6bb3fdc1812ba69ff6ab638fcf , < 230ca758453c63bd38e4d9f4a21db698f7abada8 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.35
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.35 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.236 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.180 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfsd: put dl_stid if fail to queue dl_recall\n\nBefore calling nfsd4_run_cb to queue dl_recall to the callback_wq, we\nincrement the reference count of dl_stid.\nWe expect that after the corresponding work_struct is processed, the\nreference count of dl_stid will be decremented through the callback\nfunction nfsd4_cb_recall_release.\nHowever, if the call to nfsd4_run_cb fails, the incremented reference\ncount of dl_stid will not be decremented correspondingly, leading to the\nfollowing nfs4_stid leak:\nunreferenced object 0xffff88812067b578 (size 344):\n  comm \"nfsd\", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044002 (age 5541.241s)\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\n    01 00 00 00 6b 6b 6b 6b b8 02 c0 e2 81 88 ff ff  ....kkkk........\n    00 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de  .kkkkkkk.....N..\n  backtrace:\n    kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700\n    nfsd4_process_open1+0x34/0x300\n    nfsd4_open+0x2d1/0x9d0\n    nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30\n    nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0\n    svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0\n    svc_process+0x2a3/0x320\n    nfsd+0x180/0x2e0\n    kthread+0x199/0x1d0\n    ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50\n    ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30\nunreferenced object 0xffff8881499f4d28 (size 368):\n  comm \"nfsd\", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044005 (age 5541.239s)\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\n    01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff  ........0M.I....\n    30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff 20 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  0M.I.... .......\n  backtrace:\n    kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700\n    nfs4_alloc_stid+0x29/0x210\n    alloc_init_deleg+0x92/0x2e0\n    nfs4_set_delegation+0x284/0xc00\n    nfs4_open_delegation+0x216/0x3f0\n    nfsd4_process_open2+0x2b3/0xee0\n    nfsd4_open+0x770/0x9d0\n    nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30\n    nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0\n    svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0\n    svc_process+0x2a3/0x320\n    nfsd+0x180/0x2e0\n    kthread+0x199/0x1d0\n    ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50\n    ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30\nFix it by checking the result of nfsd4_run_cb and call nfs4_put_stid if\nfail to queue dl_recall."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The bug is in the in-kernel NFSv4 server (fs/nfsd/nfs4state.c) delegation-recall path; a remote NFS client drives it entirely over the network by obtaining a delegation via OPEN and then issuing conflicting opens that trigger nfsd_break_deleg_cb/nfsd_break_one_deleg.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides: it obtains the write delegation itself, then issues a read-open (FL_DOWNGRADE_PENDING break) followed by a write-open (FL_UNLOCK_PENDING break), producing two lm_break calls; because cl_callback_wq is an alloc_ordered_workqueue (max_active=1) that the attacker can keep backed up with other pending callbacks, dl_recall stays in the WORK_STRUCT_PENDING state long enough that the second queue_work() reliably fails and leaks the refcount.\nPR:N - NFSv4 OPEN and delegation acquisition on a typical AUTH_SYS export require no verified credentials \u2014 any host permitted by the export list can mount and self-assert a uid \u2014 so the code is reachable by an unauthenticated network peer, matching prior nfsd OPEN/delegation-path scoring.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed; the attacker\u0027s own client (or two of its threads/connections) supplies both the delegation and the conflicting opens that force the lease break.\nS:U - The leaked references and their consequences are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory and the nfsd subsystem; no security authority boundary such as a VM or IOMMU domain is crossed.\nC:N - The defect is a reference count that is incremented and never dropped, so objects live longer than intended rather than being freed early; there is no out-of-bounds read, no use-after-free, and no path by which attacker-visible data is disclosed.\nI:N - Nothing is written out of bounds or freed prematurely \u2014 the missing nfs4_put_stid only over-holds a valid object \u2014 so no kernel or file data can be modified through this bug.\nA:H - Each occurrence permanently leaks an nfs4_delegation/nfs4_stid (344 + 368 bytes) and pins the associated nfs4_file, nfsd_file and inode, and the attacker can repeat this across arbitrarily many files for unbounded kernel memory exhaustion leading to OOM; it additionally trips WARN_ON_ONCE (a panic under panic_on_warn), prevents the exported filesystem from being unmounted, and leaves nfsd_file objects outstanding at nfs-server shutdown."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdb796137c57e68ca34518d53be53b679351eb86"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a81cde8c7ce65dd90fb47ceea93a45fc1a2fbd1"
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        {
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      "title": "nfsd: put dl_stid if fail to queue dl_recall",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-22025",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-16T14:11:46.624Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.807Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:56:05.741Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "date": "2026-09-19",
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                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6.87",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.23",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.13.11",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.14.2",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.15",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "FA4D157D-0342-41B3-B1D5-87FB20A998BA",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.236",
                    "vulnerable": true
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                    "matchCriteriaId": "D19801C8-3D18-405D-9989-E6C9B30255FA",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.180",
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                    "matchCriteriaId": "3985DEC3-0437-4177-BC42-314AB575285A",
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                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "EFF24260-49B1-4251-9477-C564CFDAD25B",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.87",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "26CAB76D-F00F-43CE-BEAD-7097F8FB1D6C",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.23",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "E7E864B0-8C00-4679-BA55-659B4C9C3AD3",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.11",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.13",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "FADAE5D8-4808-442C-B218-77B2CE8780A0",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.2",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.14",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfsd: put dl_stid if fail to queue dl_recall\n\nBefore calling nfsd4_run_cb to queue dl_recall to the callback_wq, we\nincrement the reference count of dl_stid.\nWe expect that after the corresponding work_struct is processed, the\nreference count of dl_stid will be decremented through the callback\nfunction nfsd4_cb_recall_release.\nHowever, if the call to nfsd4_run_cb fails, the incremented reference\ncount of dl_stid will not be decremented correspondingly, leading to the\nfollowing nfs4_stid leak:\nunreferenced object 0xffff88812067b578 (size 344):\n  comm \"nfsd\", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044002 (age 5541.241s)\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\n    01 00 00 00 6b 6b 6b 6b b8 02 c0 e2 81 88 ff ff  ....kkkk........\n    00 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de  .kkkkkkk.....N..\n  backtrace:\n    kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700\n    nfsd4_process_open1+0x34/0x300\n    nfsd4_open+0x2d1/0x9d0\n    nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30\n    nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0\n    svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0\n    svc_process+0x2a3/0x320\n    nfsd+0x180/0x2e0\n    kthread+0x199/0x1d0\n    ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50\n    ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30\nunreferenced object 0xffff8881499f4d28 (size 368):\n  comm \"nfsd\", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044005 (age 5541.239s)\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\n    01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff  ........0M.I....\n    30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff 20 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  0M.I.... .......\n  backtrace:\n    kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700\n    nfs4_alloc_stid+0x29/0x210\n    alloc_init_deleg+0x92/0x2e0\n    nfs4_set_delegation+0x284/0xc00\n    nfs4_open_delegation+0x216/0x3f0\n    nfsd4_process_open2+0x2b3/0xee0\n    nfsd4_open+0x770/0x9d0\n    nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30\n    nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0\n    svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0\n    svc_process+0x2a3/0x320\n    nfsd+0x180/0x2e0\n    kthread+0x199/0x1d0\n    ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50\n    ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30\nFix it by checking the result of nfsd4_run_cb and call nfs4_put_stid if\nfail to queue dl_recall."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: nfsd: poner dl_stid si no se puede poner en cola dl_recall. Antes de llamar a nfsd4_run_cb para poner en cola dl_recall en callback_wq, incrementamos el recuento de referencia de dl_stid. Esperamos que, tras procesar el work_struct correspondiente, el recuento de referencia de dl_stid se reduzca mediante la funci\u00f3n de devoluci\u00f3n de llamada nfsd4_cb_recall_release. Sin embargo, si falla la llamada a nfsd4_run_cb, el recuento de referencia incrementado de dl_stid no se reducir\u00e1 correspondientemente, lo que provocar\u00e1 la siguiente p\u00e9rdida de nfs4_stid: objeto sin referencia 0xffff88812067b578 (tama\u00f1o 344): comm \"nfsd\", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044002 (edad 5541.241s) volcado hexadecimal (primeros 32 bytes): 01 00 00 00 6b 6b 6b 6b b8 02 c0 e2 81 88 ff ff ....kkkk........ 00 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de .kkkkkkk.....N.. seguimiento inverso: kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700 nfsd4_process_open1+0x34/0x300 nfsd4_open+0x2d1/0x9d0 nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30 nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0 svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0 svc_process+0x2a3/0x320 nfsd+0x180/0x2e0 kthread+0x199/0x1d0 ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 objeto sin referencia 0xffff8881499f4d28 (tama\u00f1o 368): comm \"nfsd\", pid 2761, jiffies 4295044005 (edad 5541.239s) volcado hexadecimal (primeros 32 bytes): 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff ........0M.I.... 30 4d 9f 49 81 88 ff ff 20 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0M.I.... ....... seguimiento inverso: kmem_cache_alloc+0x4b9/0x700 nfs4_alloc_stid+0x29/0x210 alloc_init_deleg+0x92/0x2e0 nfs4_set_delegation+0x284/0xc00 nfs4_open_delegation+0x216/0x3f0 nfsd4_process_open2+0x2b3/0xee0 nfsd4_open+0x770/0x9d0 nfsd4_proc_compound+0x7a2/0xe30 nfsd_dispatch+0x241/0x3e0 svc_process_common+0x5d3/0xcc0 svc_process+0x2a3/0x320 nfsd+0x180/0x2e0 kthread+0x199/0x1d0 ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 Solucione el problema comprobando el resultado de nfsd4_run_cb y llama a nfs4_put_stid si no se puede poner en cola dl_recall."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-22025",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:04.190",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 5.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-04-16T15:15:55.127",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/133f5e2a37ce08c82d24e8fba65e0a81deae4609"
          },
          {
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          },
          {
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            "tags": [
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          },
          {
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdb796137c57e68ca34518d53be53b679351eb86"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d96587cc93ec369031bcd7658c6adc719873c9fd"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-401"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:37:30+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-22025",
      "id": "CVE-2025-22025",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-16T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "309",
      "product_status:known_affected": "198",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: nfsd: put dl_stid if fail to queue dl_recall",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-22025.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-29T01:25:34Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-22025",
      "id": "CVE-2025-22025",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-18T23:20:36Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "394",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "350",
      "product_status:recommended": "486",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-22025",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-22025.json",
      "version": "41"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


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