CVE-2025-12946 (GCVE-0-2025-12946)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:02 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper input validation in NETGEAR Nighthawk routers
Summary
A vulnerability in the speedtest feature of affected NETGEAR Nighthawk routers, caused by improper input validation, can allow attackers on the router's WAN side, using attacker-in-the-middle techniques (MiTM) to manipulate DNS responses and execute commands when speedtests are run.
This issue affects RS700: through 1.0.7.82; RAX54Sv2 : before V1.1.6.36; RAX41v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX50: before V1.2.14.114; RAXE500: before V1.2.14.114; RAX41: before V1.0.17.142; RAX43: before V1.0.17.142; RAX35v2: before V1.0.17.142; RAXE450: before V1.2.14.114; RAX43v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX42: before V1.0.17.142; RAX45: before V1.0.17.142; RAX50v2: before V1.1.6.36; MR90: before V1.0.2.46; MS90: before V1.0.2.46; RAX42v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX49S: before V1.1.6.36.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
References
18 references
Impacted products
17 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NETGEAR | RS700 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.0.7.82
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rs700:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX54Sv2 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.6.36
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax54sv2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX41v2 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.6.36
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax41v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX50 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.2.14.114
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax50:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAXE500 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.2.14.114
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:raxe500:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX41 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.17.142
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax41:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX43 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.17.142
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax43:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX35v2 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.17.142
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax35v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAXE450 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.2.14.114
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:raxe450:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX43v2 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.6.36
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax43v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX42 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.17.142
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax42:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX45 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.17.142
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax45:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX50v2 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.6.36
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax50v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | MR90 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.2.46
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:mr90:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX42v2 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.6.36
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax42v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | RAX49S |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.6.36
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:rax49s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| NETGEAR | MS90 |
Affected:
0 , < V1.0.2.46
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:netgear:ms90:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2025-12-09 17:00
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"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "molybdenum"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-12-09T17:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
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"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp\u003eA vulnerability in the speedtest feature of affected NETGEAR Nighthawk routers, caused by improper input validation, can allow attackers on the router\u0027s WAN side, using attacker-in-the-middle techniques (MiTM) to manipulate DNS responses and execute commands when speedtests are run. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects RS700: through 1.0.7.82; RAX54Sv2 : before V1.1.6.36; RAX41v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX50: before V1.2.14.114; RAXE500: before V1.2.14.114; RAX41: before V1.0.17.142; RAX43: before V1.0.17.142; RAX35v2: before V1.0.17.142; RAXE450: before V1.2.14.114; RAX43v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX42: before V1.0.17.142; RAX45: before V1.0.17.142; RAX50v2: before V1.1.6.36; MR90: before V1.0.2.46; MS90: before V1.0.2.46;\u202fRAX42v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX49S: before V1.1.6.36. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "A vulnerability in the speedtest feature of affected NETGEAR Nighthawk routers, caused by improper input validation, can allow attackers on the router\u0027s WAN side, using attacker-in-the-middle techniques (MiTM) to manipulate DNS responses and execute commands when speedtests are run. \n\n\n\nThis issue affects RS700: through 1.0.7.82; RAX54Sv2 : before V1.1.6.36; RAX41v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX50: before V1.2.14.114; RAXE500: before V1.2.14.114; RAX41: before V1.0.17.142; RAX43: before V1.0.17.142; RAX35v2: before V1.0.17.142; RAXE450: before V1.2.14.114; RAX43v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX42: before V1.0.17.142; RAX45: before V1.0.17.142; RAX50v2: before V1.1.6.36; MR90: before V1.0.2.46; MS90: before V1.0.2.46;\u202fRAX42v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX49S: before V1.1.6.36."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-248",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-248 Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
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"Recovery": "AUTOMATIC",
"Safety": "NEGLIGIBLE",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 4.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/S:N/AU:N/R:A/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
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"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
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"format": "CVSS",
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"descriptions": [
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T19:35:39.538Z",
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rs700"
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{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax54sv2"
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{
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eDevices with automatic updates enabled may already have\nthis patch applied. If not, please check the firmware version and update it to\nthe latest.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFixed in:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRS700 firmware V1.0.9.6 or later\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX54Sv2/RAX45v2\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax54sv2\"\u003efirmware\u0026nbsp;V1.1.6.36 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX41v2\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41v2\"\u003efirmware V1.1.6.36 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX50\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX50\"\u003efirmware V1.2.14.114 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAXE500\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/raxe500\"\u003efirmware V1.2.14.114\u0026nbsp;or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX41 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41\"\u003efirmware V1.0.17.142 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX43 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax43\"\u003efirmware V1.0.17.142 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX35v2 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX35v2\"\u003efirmware V1.0.17.142 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAXE450 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAXE450\"\u003efirmware V1.0.17.142 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX43v2 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX43v2\"\u003efirmware V1.1.6.36 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX42 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX42\"\u003efirmware V1.0.17.142 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX45\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX45\"\u003efirmware V1.0.17.142 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX50v2 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX50v2\"\u003efirmware V1.1.6.36 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMR90 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/MR90\"\u003efirmware V1.0.2.46 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMS90 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/MS90\"\u003efirmware V1.0.2.46 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX42v2 \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX42v2\"\u003efirmware V1.1.6.36 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRAX49S \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX42v2\"\u003efirmware V1.1.6.36 or later\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "Devices with automatic updates enabled may already have\nthis patch applied. If not, please check the firmware version and update it to\nthe latest.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFixed in:\n\nRS700 firmware V1.0.9.6 or later\n\nRAX54Sv2/RAX45v2\u00a0 firmware\u00a0V1.1.6.36 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax54sv2 \n\nRAX41v2\u00a0 firmware V1.1.6.36 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41v2 \n\nRAX50\u00a0 firmware V1.2.14.114 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX50 \n\nRAXE500\u00a0 firmware V1.2.14.114\u00a0or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/raxe500 \n\nRAX41 firmware V1.0.17.142 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41 \n\nRAX43 firmware V1.0.17.142 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax43 \n\nRAX35v2 firmware V1.0.17.142 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX35v2 \n\nRAXE450 firmware V1.0.17.142 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAXE450 \n\nRAX43v2 firmware V1.1.6.36 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX43v2 \n\nRAX42 firmware V1.0.17.142 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX42 \n\nRAX45\u00a0 firmware V1.0.17.142 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX45 \n\nRAX50v2 firmware V1.1.6.36 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX50v2 \n\nMR90 firmware V1.0.2.46 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/MR90 \n\nMS90 firmware V1.0.2.46 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/MS90 \n\nRAX42v2 firmware V1.1.6.36 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX42v2 \n\nRAX49S firmware V1.1.6.36 or later https://www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX42v2"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-09T16:00:00.000Z",
"value": "published"
}
],
"title": "Improper input validation in NETGEAR Nighthawk routers",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a2826606-91e7-4eb6-899e-8484bd4575d5",
"assignerShortName": "NETGEAR",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-12946",
"datePublished": "2025-12-09T17:02:20.739Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-10T08:26:32.586Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T16:57:03.457Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.