CVE-2023-53138 (GCVE-0-2023-53138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-02 15:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:12
VLAI
Title
net: caif: Fix use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: caif: Fix use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify() syzbot reported use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify() [1]. This causes a stack trace like below: BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88807ac4e6f0 by task kworker/u4:6/1214 CPU: 0 PID: 1214 Comm: kworker/u4:6 Not tainted 5.19.0-rc3-syzkaller-00146-g92f20ff72066 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106 print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xeb/0x467 mm/kasan/report.c:313 print_report mm/kasan/report.c:429 [inline] kasan_report.cold+0xf4/0x1c6 mm/kasan/report.c:491 cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138 notifier_call_chain+0xb5/0x200 kernel/notifier.c:87 call_netdevice_notifiers_info+0xb5/0x130 net/core/dev.c:1945 call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:1983 [inline] call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:1997 [inline] netdev_wait_allrefs_any net/core/dev.c:10227 [inline] netdev_run_todo+0xbc0/0x10f0 net/core/dev.c:10341 default_device_exit_batch+0x44e/0x590 net/core/dev.c:11334 ops_exit_list+0x125/0x170 net/core/net_namespace.c:167 cleanup_net+0x4ea/0xb00 net/core/net_namespace.c:594 process_one_work+0x996/0x1610 kernel/workqueue.c:2289 worker_thread+0x665/0x1080 kernel/workqueue.c:2436 kthread+0x2e9/0x3a0 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:302 </TASK> When unregistering a net device, unregister_netdevice_many_notify() sets the device's reg_state to NETREG_UNREGISTERING, calls notifiers with NETDEV_UNREGISTER, and adds the device to the todo list. Later on, devices in the todo list are processed by netdev_run_todo(). netdev_run_todo() waits devices' reference count become 1 while rebdoadcasting NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification. When cfusbl_device_notify() is called with NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple times, the parent device might be freed. This could cause UAF. Processing NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple times also causes inbalance of reference count for the module. This patch fixes the issue by accepting only first NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < 68a45c3cf0e2242a533657f4f535d9b6a7447a79 (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < 1793da97a23e31c5bf06631f3f3e5a25f368fd64 (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < 9dc16be373b382ddd4c274052a6e870a95e76c01 (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < c3aaec463a632cf4187dc017e421bfa69d7834a9 (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < 3f14457e1584224f4296af613bbd99deb60b5d91 (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < 287027d8a567168a5d8ce5cb0cba16a34791a48c (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < d1a11bbdbb5ea9f172019c5a4a3e9d8eabd72179 (git)
Affected: 7ad65bf68d705b445ef10b77ab50dab22be185ee , < 9781e98a97110f5e76999058368b4be76a788484 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.3
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.14.310 , ≤ 4.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 4.19.278 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.237 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.175 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.103 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.20 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.2.7 , ≤ 6.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: caif: Fix use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify()\n\nsyzbot reported use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify() [1].  This\ncauses a stack trace like below:\n\nBUG: KASAN: use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88807ac4e6f0 by task kworker/u4:6/1214\n\nCPU: 0 PID: 1214 Comm: kworker/u4:6 Not tainted 5.19.0-rc3-syzkaller-00146-g92f20ff72066 #0\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106\n print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xeb/0x467 mm/kasan/report.c:313\n print_report mm/kasan/report.c:429 [inline]\n kasan_report.cold+0xf4/0x1c6 mm/kasan/report.c:491\n cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138\n notifier_call_chain+0xb5/0x200 kernel/notifier.c:87\n call_netdevice_notifiers_info+0xb5/0x130 net/core/dev.c:1945\n call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:1983 [inline]\n call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:1997 [inline]\n netdev_wait_allrefs_any net/core/dev.c:10227 [inline]\n netdev_run_todo+0xbc0/0x10f0 net/core/dev.c:10341\n default_device_exit_batch+0x44e/0x590 net/core/dev.c:11334\n ops_exit_list+0x125/0x170 net/core/net_namespace.c:167\n cleanup_net+0x4ea/0xb00 net/core/net_namespace.c:594\n process_one_work+0x996/0x1610 kernel/workqueue.c:2289\n worker_thread+0x665/0x1080 kernel/workqueue.c:2436\n kthread+0x2e9/0x3a0 kernel/kthread.c:376\n ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:302\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nWhen unregistering a net device, unregister_netdevice_many_notify()\nsets the device\u0027s reg_state to NETREG_UNREGISTERING, calls notifiers\nwith NETDEV_UNREGISTER, and adds the device to the todo list.\n\nLater on, devices in the todo list are processed by netdev_run_todo().\nnetdev_run_todo() waits devices\u0027 reference count become 1 while\nrebdoadcasting NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification.\n\nWhen cfusbl_device_notify() is called with NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple\ntimes, the parent device might be freed.  This could cause UAF.\nProcessing NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple times also causes inbalance of\nreference count for the module.\n\nThis patch fixes the issue by accepting only first NETDEV_UNREGISTER\nnotification."
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              "value": "AV:L - The UAF is reached via local netlink/netns operations: create stacked netdevs (e.g. virt_wifi with SET_NETDEV_DEV parent pointing at a veth), then destroy the netns so cleanup_net/netdev_run_todo rebroadcasts NETDEV_UNREGISTER after the parent is freed. Syzbot reproduced this path without physical USB.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides\u2014creating the parent/child netdev pair, holding child references (e.g. sockets) so the child stays on the todo list, and tearing down the netns. The double NETDEV_UNREGISTER rebroadcast is deterministic kernel behavior under those conditions, not a race outside attacker control.\nPR:L - Creating net namespaces and virtual netdevs requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which an unprivileged user can obtain in a user namespace (unshare -Urn). Real root in the init namespace is not required.\nUI:N - Exploitation needs no victim action; the attacker triggers registration and netns teardown entirely on their own.\nS:U - This is a standard in-kernel UAF enabling local privilege escalation within the same security authority, not a cross-boundary escape (VM/IOMMU/sandbox).\nC:H - Use-after-free of the parent device object lets an attacker reclaim and control the freed object\u0027s contents, enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same UAF is exploitable via heap spraying for arbitrary write/control-flow hijacking; the related module_put imbalance on CAIF USB unregister further enables integrity compromise.\nA:H - The UAF reliably causes kernel oops/panic (as shown by the KASAN report in cleanup_net), so availability impact is high even without full exploitation."
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                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "BEA15466-227B-46FF-B5A8-1E8679056A83",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.175",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "7A57CCEF-C453-48CE-9A6E-71A03C369F61",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.103",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B22D8949-72A1-4CED-8318-A040635DEEBE",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.20",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "EFEDDF17-189C-4901-BD6B-41752E80AAA4",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.2.7",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.3:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B8E3B0E8-FA27-4305-87BB-AF6C25B160CB",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: caif: Fix use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify()\n\nsyzbot reported use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify() [1].  This\ncauses a stack trace like below:\n\nBUG: KASAN: use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88807ac4e6f0 by task kworker/u4:6/1214\n\nCPU: 0 PID: 1214 Comm: kworker/u4:6 Not tainted 5.19.0-rc3-syzkaller-00146-g92f20ff72066 #0\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106\n print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xeb/0x467 mm/kasan/report.c:313\n print_report mm/kasan/report.c:429 [inline]\n kasan_report.cold+0xf4/0x1c6 mm/kasan/report.c:491\n cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138\n notifier_call_chain+0xb5/0x200 kernel/notifier.c:87\n call_netdevice_notifiers_info+0xb5/0x130 net/core/dev.c:1945\n call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:1983 [inline]\n call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:1997 [inline]\n netdev_wait_allrefs_any net/core/dev.c:10227 [inline]\n netdev_run_todo+0xbc0/0x10f0 net/core/dev.c:10341\n default_device_exit_batch+0x44e/0x590 net/core/dev.c:11334\n ops_exit_list+0x125/0x170 net/core/net_namespace.c:167\n cleanup_net+0x4ea/0xb00 net/core/net_namespace.c:594\n process_one_work+0x996/0x1610 kernel/workqueue.c:2289\n worker_thread+0x665/0x1080 kernel/workqueue.c:2436\n kthread+0x2e9/0x3a0 kernel/kthread.c:376\n ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:302\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nWhen unregistering a net device, unregister_netdevice_many_notify()\nsets the device\u0027s reg_state to NETREG_UNREGISTERING, calls notifiers\nwith NETDEV_UNREGISTER, and adds the device to the todo list.\n\nLater on, devices in the todo list are processed by netdev_run_todo().\nnetdev_run_todo() waits devices\u0027 reference count become 1 while\nrebdoadcasting NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification.\n\nWhen cfusbl_device_notify() is called with NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple\ntimes, the parent device might be freed.  This could cause UAF.\nProcessing NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple times also causes inbalance of\nreference count for the module.\n\nThis patch fixes the issue by accepting only first NETDEV_UNREGISTER\nnotification."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: caif: Se corrige el use-after-free en cfusbl_device_notify() syzbot inform\u00f3 el use-after-free en cfusbl_device_notify() [1]. Esto provoca un seguimiento de pila como el siguiente: ERROR: KASAN: use-after-free en cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138 Lectura de tama\u00f1o 8 en la direcci\u00f3n ffff88807ac4e6f0 por la tarea kworker/u4:6/1214 CPU: 0 PID: 1214 Comm: kworker/u4:6 No contaminado 5.19.0-rc3-syzkaller-00146-g92f20ff72066 #0 Nombre del hardware: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 Cola de trabajo: netns cleanup_net Seguimiento de llamadas:  __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106 print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xeb/0x467 mm/kasan/report.c:313 print_report mm/kasan/report.c:429 [inline] kasan_report.cold+0xf4/0x1c6 mm/kasan/report.c:491 cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138 notifier_call_chain+0xb5/0x200 kernel/notifier.c:87 call_netdevice_notifiers_info+0xb5/0x130 net/core/dev.c:1945 call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:1983 [inline] call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:1997 [inline] netdev_wait_allrefs_any net/core/dev.c:10227 [inline] netdev_run_todo+0xbc0/0x10f0 net/core/dev.c:10341 default_device_exit_batch+0x44e/0x590 net/core/dev.c:11334 ops_exit_list+0x125/0x170 net/core/net_namespace.c:167 cleanup_net+0x4ea/0xb00 net/core/net_namespace.c:594 process_one_work+0x996/0x1610 kernel/workqueue.c:2289 worker_thread+0x665/0x1080 kernel/workqueue.c:2436 kthread+0x2e9/0x3a0 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:302  Al anular el registro de un dispositivo de red, unregister_netdevice_many_notify() establece el estado del dispositivo en NETREG_UNREGISTERING, llama a los notificadores con NETDEV_UNREGISTER y a\u00f1ade el dispositivo a la lista de tareas pendientes. Posteriormente, netdev_run_todo() procesa los dispositivos de la lista de tareas pendientes. netdev_run_todo() espera a que el recuento de referencias de los dispositivos llegue a 1 mientras retransmite la notificaci\u00f3n NETDEV_UNREGISTER. Si se llama a cfusbl_device_notify() con NETDEV_UNREGISTER varias veces, el dispositivo principal podr\u00eda liberarse. Esto podr\u00eda causar un UAF. Procesar NETDEV_UNREGISTER varias veces tambi\u00e9n provoca un desequilibrio en el recuento de referencias del m\u00f3dulo. Este parche soluciona el problema aceptando solo la primera notificaci\u00f3n NETDEV_UNREGISTER."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-53138",
        "lastModified": "2026-08-04T10:18:56.010",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-05-02T16:15:32.720",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1793da97a23e31c5bf06631f3f3e5a25f368fd64"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/287027d8a567168a5d8ce5cb0cba16a34791a48c"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3f14457e1584224f4296af613bbd99deb60b5d91"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a45c3cf0e2242a533657f4f535d9b6a7447a79"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9781e98a97110f5e76999058368b4be76a788484"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9dc16be373b382ddd4c274052a6e870a95e76c01"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3aaec463a632cf4187dc017e421bfa69d7834a9"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d1a11bbdbb5ea9f172019c5a4a3e9d8eabd72179"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-416"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:33:34+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53138",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53138",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: caif: Fix use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-53138.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-03T00:31:13Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53138",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53138",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-03T02:49:58Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "307",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "213",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-53138",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2023-53138.json",
      "version": "11"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.