GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2012-2090 (GCVE-0-2012-2090)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2012-06-17 01:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 19:26
VLAI
Summary
Multiple format string vulnerabilities in FlightGear 2.6 and earlier and SimGear 2.6 and earlier allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in certain data chunk values in an aircraft xml model to (1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx or (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, or (3) a scene graph model to simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • n/a
Assigner
References
Date Public
2012-03-09 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-06T19:26:07.202Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "48780",
            "tags": [
              "third-party-advisory",
              "x_refsource_SECUNIA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48780"
          },
          {
            "name": "flightgear-xml-format-string(74791)",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_XF",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2012-8615",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "[oss-security] 20120410 Re: CVE Request: FlightGear and Simgear Multiple vulnerabilities",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2012-8650",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617"
          },
          {
            "name": "GLSA-201603-12",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_GENTOO",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12"
          },
          {
            "name": "[Flightgear-devel] 20120320 Re: Flightgear and Simgear multiple format string vulnerabilities",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2012-8647",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "[Flightgear-devel] 20120309 Flightgear and Simgear multiple format string vulnerabilities",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2012-03-09T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Multiple format string vulnerabilities in FlightGear 2.6 and earlier and SimGear 2.6 and earlier allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in certain data chunk values in an aircraft xml model to (1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx or (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, or (3) a scene graph model to simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2017-08-28T12:57:01.000Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "48780",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory",
            "x_refsource_SECUNIA"
          ],
          "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48780"
        },
        {
          "name": "flightgear-xml-format-string(74791)",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_XF"
          ],
          "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2012-8615",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "[oss-security] 20120410 Re: CVE Request: FlightGear and Simgear Multiple vulnerabilities",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2012-8650",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617"
        },
        {
          "name": "GLSA-201603-12",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_GENTOO"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12"
        },
        {
          "name": "[Flightgear-devel] 20120320 Re: Flightgear and Simgear multiple format string vulnerabilities",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2012-8647",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "[Flightgear-devel] 20120309 Flightgear and Simgear multiple format string vulnerabilities",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2012-2090",
    "datePublished": "2012-06-17T01:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2012-04-04T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-06T19:26:07.202Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2012-2090",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.05997",
      "percentile": "0.92947"
    },
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": "[{\"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:flightgear:flightgear:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"versionEndIncluding\": \"2.6.0\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"EC81BE3E-813A-4348-B845-35BBA02ABBCD\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:flightgear:flightgear:1.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"C2A22029-37C3-4E48-A0B7-BF8A317F7EA0\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:flightgear:flightgear:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"F778F4A4-4994-4C93-BA5E-6A1C5BDA354C\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:simgear:simgear:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"versionEndIncluding\": \"2.6.0\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"D5A0A5E8-7606-49C4-A294-FB258F8C0643\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:simgear:simgear:1.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"703223A4-4C9A-4359-A950-C395CD53BE97\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:simgear:simgear:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"7F3A247B-969D-484E-8BEC-1A42F600839E\"}]}]}]",
      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Multiple format string vulnerabilities in FlightGear 2.6 and earlier and SimGear 2.6 and earlier allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in certain data chunk values in an aircraft xml model to (1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx or (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, or (3) a scene graph model to simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"M\\u00faltiples vulnerabilidades de formato de cadena en FlightGear v2.6 y versiones anteriores y SimGear v2.6 y versiones anteriores, que permite a atacantes remotos asistidos por el usuario causar una denegaci\\u00f3n de servicio y posiblemente ejecutar c\\u00f3digo arbitrario a trav\\u00e9s de especificadores de formato de cadena en ciertos fragmentos de datos en un xml de modelo de aeronave a(1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx o (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, o (3) un gr\\u00e1fico de modelo de escena a simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2012-2090",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T01:38:28.363",
      "metrics": "{\"cvssMetricV2\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"2.0\", \"vectorString\": \"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C\", \"baseScore\": 9.3, \"accessVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"accessComplexity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"authentication\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\"}, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"exploitabilityScore\": 8.6, \"impactScore\": 10.0, \"acInsufInfo\": false, \"obtainAllPrivilege\": false, \"obtainUserPrivilege\": false, \"obtainOtherPrivilege\": false, \"userInteractionRequired\": true}]}",
      "published": "2012-06-17T03:41:40.560",
      "references": "[{\"url\": \"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"http://secunia.com/advisories/48780\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\", \"tags\": [\"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12\", \"source\": \"secalert@redhat.com\"}, {\"url\": \"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://secunia.com/advisories/48780\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]",
      "sourceIdentifier": "secalert@redhat.com",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": "[{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CWE-134\"}]}]"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2012-2090\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"secalert@redhat.com\",\"published\":\"2012-06-17T03:41:40.560\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-04-29T01:13:23.040\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Multiple format string vulnerabilities in FlightGear 2.6 and earlier and SimGear 2.6 and earlier allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in certain data chunk values in an aircraft xml model to (1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx or (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, or (3) a scene graph model to simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"M\u00faltiples vulnerabilidades de formato de cadena en FlightGear v2.6 y versiones anteriores y SimGear v2.6 y versiones anteriores, que permite a atacantes remotos asistidos por el usuario causar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio y posiblemente ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario a trav\u00e9s de especificadores de formato de cadena en ciertos fragmentos de datos en un xml de modelo de aeronave a(1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx o (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, o (3) un gr\u00e1fico de modelo de escena a simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C\",\"baseScore\":9.3,\"accessVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"accessComplexity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitabilityScore\":8.6,\"impactScore\":10.0,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":true}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-134\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:flightgear:flightgear:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"2.6.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EC81BE3E-813A-4348-B845-35BBA02ABBCD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:flightgear:flightgear:1.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C2A22029-37C3-4E48-A0B7-BF8A317F7EA0\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:flightgear:flightgear:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F778F4A4-4994-4C93-BA5E-6A1C5BDA354C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:simgear:simgear:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"2.6.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D5A0A5E8-7606-49C4-A294-FB258F8C0643\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:simgear:simgear:1.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"703223A4-4C9A-4359-A950-C395CD53BE97\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:simgear:simgear:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7F3A247B-969D-484E-8BEC-1A42F600839E\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://secunia.com/advisories/48780\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12\",\"source\":\"secalert@redhat.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://secunia.com/advisories/48780\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-11-21T12:52:41+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2012-2090",
      "id": "CVE-2012-2090",
      "initial_release_date": "2012-03-09T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "FlightGear: Multiple format string flaws",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2012/cve-2012-2090.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.