GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2003-0018 (GCVE-0-2003-0018)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2004-09-01 04:00 – Updated: 2024-08-08 01:36
VLAI
Summary
Linux kernel 2.4.10 through 2.4.21-pre4 does not properly handle the O_DIRECT feature, which allows local attackers with write privileges to read portions of previously deleted files, or cause file system corruption.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • n/a
References
URL Tags
http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN
http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php vdb-entryx_refsource_XF
http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?n… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_MANDRAKE
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763 vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2… x_refsource_CONFIRM
http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN
Date Public
2003-02-04 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-08T01:36:25.443Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "DSA-423",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_DEBIAN",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHSA-2003:025",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "linux-odirect-information-leak(11249)",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_XF",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php"
          },
          {
            "name": "MDKSA-2003:014",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_MANDRAKE",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014"
          },
          {
            "name": "6763",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_BID",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-358",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_DEBIAN",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2003-02-04T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Linux kernel 2.4.10 through 2.4.21-pre4 does not properly handle the O_DIRECT feature, which allows local attackers with write privileges to read portions of previously deleted files, or cause file system corruption."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2007-11-13T00:00:00.000Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "DSA-423",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_DEBIAN"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHSA-2003:025",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "linux-odirect-information-leak(11249)",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_XF"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php"
        },
        {
          "name": "MDKSA-2003:014",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_MANDRAKE"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014"
        },
        {
          "name": "6763",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_BID"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ"
        },
        {
          "name": "DSA-358",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_DEBIAN"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2003-0018",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "Linux kernel 2.4.10 through 2.4.21-pre4 does not properly handle the O_DIRECT feature, which allows local attackers with write privileges to read portions of previously deleted files, or cause file system corruption."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "DSA-423",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423"
            },
            {
              "name": "RHSA-2003:025",
              "refsource": "REDHAT",
              "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "linux-odirect-information-leak(11249)",
              "refsource": "XF",
              "url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php"
            },
            {
              "name": "MDKSA-2003:014",
              "refsource": "MANDRAKE",
              "url": "http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014"
            },
            {
              "name": "6763",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset@3e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset@3e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-358",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2003-0018",
    "datePublished": "2004-09-01T04:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2003-01-07T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-08T01:36:25.443Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2003-0018",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.00369",
      "percentile": "0.30576"
    },
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": "[{\"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"1548ECFD-FCB5-4AE0-9788-42F61F25489F\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"6ABB9787-5497-4BDC-8952-F99CF60A89BD\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"615F6BA2-CD51-4159-B28A-A018CA9FC25C\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"093848CB-68A1-4258-8357-373A477FE4E2\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"E275F440-A427-465F-B314-BF0730C781DB\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"98651D39-60CF-409F-8276-DBBB56B972AA\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"067B8E09-C923-4DDA-92DB-4A2892CB526A\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"9EBE3738-E530-4EC6-9FC6-1A063605BE05\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"474384F1-FB2D-4C00-A4CD-0C2C5AE42DB4\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"F677E992-8D37-438F-97DF-9D98B28F020C\"}]}]}]",
      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Linux kernel 2.4.10 through 2.4.21-pre4 does not properly handle the O_DIRECT feature, which allows local attackers with write privileges to read portions of previously deleted files, or cause file system corruption.\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"Linux kernel 2.4.10 y versiones posteriores incluyendo 2.4.18, no maneja adecuadamente la caracter\\u00edstica O_REDIRECT, lo que permite a atacantes locales con privilegios de escritura leer porciones de ficheros previamente borrados, o producir corrupci\\u00f3n en el sistema de ficheros.\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2003-0018",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-20T23:43:44.883",
      "metrics": "{\"cvssMetricV2\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"2.0\", \"vectorString\": \"AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:P\", \"baseScore\": 3.6, \"accessVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"accessComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"authentication\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"PARTIAL\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"PARTIAL\"}, \"baseSeverity\": \"LOW\", \"exploitabilityScore\": 3.9, \"impactScore\": 4.9, \"acInsufInfo\": false, \"obtainAllPrivilege\": false, \"obtainUserPrivilege\": false, \"obtainOtherPrivilege\": false, \"userInteractionRequired\": false}]}",
      "published": "2003-02-19T05:00:00.000",
      "references": "[{\"url\": \"http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]",
      "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": "[{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}]"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2003-0018\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2003-02-19T05:00:00.000\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-04-16T00:27:16.627\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Linux kernel 2.4.10 through 2.4.21-pre4 does not properly handle the O_DIRECT feature, which allows local attackers with write privileges to read portions of previously deleted files, or cause file system corruption.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Linux kernel 2.4.10 y versiones posteriores incluyendo 2.4.18, no maneja adecuadamente la caracter\u00edstica O_REDIRECT, lo que permite a atacantes locales con privilegios de escritura leer porciones de ficheros previamente borrados, o producir corrupci\u00f3n en el sistema de ficheros.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:P\",\"baseScore\":3.6,\"accessVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"accessComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"PARTIAL\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"PARTIAL\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"LOW\",\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":4.9,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"1548ECFD-FCB5-4AE0-9788-42F61F25489F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6ABB9787-5497-4BDC-8952-F99CF60A89BD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"615F6BA2-CD51-4159-B28A-A018CA9FC25C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"093848CB-68A1-4258-8357-373A477FE4E2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E275F440-A427-465F-B314-BF0730C781DB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"98651D39-60CF-409F-8276-DBBB56B972AA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"067B8E09-C923-4DDA-92DB-4A2892CB526A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"9EBE3738-E530-4EC6-9FC6-1A063605BE05\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"474384F1-FB2D-4C00-A4CD-0C2C5AE42DB4\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F677E992-8D37-438F-97DF-9D98B28F020C\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.4/cset%403e2f193drGJDBg9SG6JwaDQwCBnAMQ\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.debian.org/security/2003/dsa-358\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-423\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/11249.php\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.mandrakesoft.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2003:014\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-025.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6763\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2025-11-21T13:34:46+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2003-0018",
      "id": "CVE-2003-0018",
      "initial_release_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "5",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "security flaw",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2003/cve-2003-0018.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Loading…

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Loading…

Loading…

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


Loading…