CVE-2026-97853 (GCVE-0-2026-97853)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 19:43 – Updated: 2026-10-10 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded allocation in decimal Decimal.round/3 driven by the places argument enables DoS
Summary
Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in ericmj decimal allows Denial of Service.
Decimal.round/3 builds the full result for the requested number of decimal places before the context precision (34 digits by default) is applied, so its cost grows with the places argument instead of with the size of the result. For positive places it appends places zero digits to the coefficient as a charlist before converting it to an integer, and for negative places it builds a charlist of -places zero digits. A single call such as Decimal.round(Decimal.new("1.5"), -50_000_000) allocates about 5.5 GB of memory, which can exhaust available memory and get the BEAM VM killed. The oldest releases instead loop once per decimal place, consuming CPU in proportion to places.
Any application that passes a user-supplied number of decimal places or scale to Decimal.round/2 or Decimal.round/3 without bounding it is exposed. The input limits added for CVE-2026-32686 do not cover the places argument.
This issue affects decimal: from 0.1.0 before 3.1.2.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eMemory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in ericmj decimal allows Denial of Service.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round/3\u003c/code\u003e builds the full result for the requested number of decimal places before the context precision (34 digits by default) is applied, so its cost grows with the \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e argument instead of with the size of the result. For positive \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e it appends \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e zero digits to the coefficient as a charlist before converting it to an integer, and for negative \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e it builds a charlist of \u003ccode\u003e-places\u003c/code\u003e zero digits. A single call such as \u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)\u003c/code\u003e allocates about 5.5 GB of memory, which can exhaust available memory and get the BEAM VM killed. The oldest releases instead loop once per decimal place, consuming CPU in proportion to \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAny application that passes a user-supplied number of decimal places or scale to \u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round/2\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round/3\u003c/code\u003e without bounding it is exposed. The input limits added for CVE-2026-32686 do not cover the \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e argument.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects decimal: from 0.1.0 before 3.1.2.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in ericmj decimal allows Denial of Service.\n\n`Decimal.round/3` builds the full result for the requested number of decimal places before the context precision (34 digits by default) is applied, so its cost grows with the `places` argument instead of with the size of the result. For positive `places` it appends `places` zero digits to the coefficient as a charlist before converting it to an integer, and for negative `places` it builds a charlist of `-places` zero digits. A single call such as `Decimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)` allocates about 5.5 GB of memory, which can exhaust available memory and get the BEAM VM killed. The oldest releases instead loop once per decimal place, consuming CPU in proportion to `places`.\n\nAny application that passes a user-supplied number of decimal places or scale to `Decimal.round/2` or `Decimal.round/3` without bounding it is exposed. The input limits added for CVE-2026-32686 do not cover the `places` argument.\n\nThis issue affects decimal: from 0.1.0 before 3.1.2."
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"value": "Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in ericmj decimal allows Denial of Service.\n\nDecimal.round/3 builds the full result for the requested number of decimal places before the context precision (34 digits by default) is applied, so its cost grows with the places argument instead of with the size of the result. For positive places it appends places zero digits to the coefficient as a charlist before converting it to an integer, and for negative places it builds a charlist of -places zero digits. A single call such as Decimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000) allocates about 5.5 GB of memory, which can exhaust available memory and get the BEAM VM killed. The oldest releases instead loop once per decimal place, consuming CPU in proportion to places.\n\nAny application that passes a user-supplied number of decimal places or scale to Decimal.round/2 or Decimal.round/3 without bounding it is exposed. The input limits added for CVE-2026-32686 do not cover the places argument.\n\nThis issue affects decimal: from 0.1.0 before 3.1.2."
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker who controls the number of decimal places an application rounds to makes one \u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round/2,3\u003c/code\u003e call allocate memory in proportion to that number. A value of 50 million needs about 5.5 GB, enough to get the BEAM VM killed on hosts with less memory and take down every request it serves.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 6.9,
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"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
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"references": [
{
"name": "GHSA-6c27-994x-c52f",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/security/advisories/GHSA-6c27-994x-c52f"
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{
"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-97853",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-97853.html"
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{
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-97853"
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{
"name": "Introducing commit 05bb73e in ericmj/decimal",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/commit/05bb73eb40ddef24eda782d905766f56a3660522"
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{
"name": "Fix commit 338f42c in ericmj/decimal",
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"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/commit/338f42c8cf6a9749ab70c5af04734c6050ca3dc6"
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"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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"title": "Unbounded allocation in decimal Decimal.round/3 driven by the places argument enables DoS",
"workarounds": [
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eBound \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e before calling \u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round/2,3\u003c/code\u003e, for example to \u003ccode\u003e-34..34\u003c/code\u003e or to the scales the application supports.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "Bound `places` before calling `Decimal.round/2,3`, for example to `-34..34` or to the scales the application supports."
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"value": "Bound places before calling Decimal.round/2,3, for example to -34..34 or to the scales the application supports."
}
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"value": "\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-elixir\"\u003eMix.install([{:decimal, \"3.1.1\"}])\n\n# Allocates about 5.5 GB.\nDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)\n\n# Builds a 50 million element list, then raises SystemLimitError.\nDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), 50_000_000)\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e"
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"value": "```elixir\nMix.install([{:decimal, \"3.1.1\"}])\n\n# Allocates about 5.5 GB.\nDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)\n\n# Builds a 50 million element list, then raises SystemLimitError.\nDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), 50_000_000)\n```"
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"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round/3\u003c/code\u003e sets the target exponent to \u003ccode\u003e-places\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003edo_round/5\u003c/code\u003e materializes the coefficient at that exponent; \u003ccode\u003econtext/2\u003c/code\u003e only applies the precision afterwards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePositive \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e (introduced in 1.3.0 by commit 7a83d27): \u003ccode\u003edigits ++ Enum.map(1..(exp - target_exp), fn _ -\u0026gt; ?0 end)\u003c/code\u003e followed by \u003ccode\u003e:erlang.list_to_integer/1\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003elib/decimal.ex:2409\u003c/code\u003e in 3.1.1). The list is built before \u003ccode\u003elist_to_integer/1\u003c/code\u003e raises \u003ccode\u003eSystemLimitError\u003c/code\u003e for results over about 1.26 million digits, the BEAM integer size limit.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegative \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e (since 1.4.0): \u003ccode\u003e:lists.duplicate(target_exp - exp, ?0) ++ digits\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003elib/decimal.ex:2385-2386\u003c/code\u003e in 3.1.1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReleases from 0.1.0 before 1.1.0: \u003ccode\u003edo_round\u003c/code\u003e (and in 1.0.1 \u003ccode\u003esplit_coef\u003c/code\u003e) recurses once per decimal place for negative \u003ccode\u003eplaces\u003c/code\u003e; 1.0.1 also multiplies a power of ten by 10 on every iteration. Established by reading the code; these releases do not compile on current Elixir.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasured on OTP 29 with 3.1.1, one call per fresh VM:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCall\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTime\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePeak VM memory\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -10_000_000)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.25 s\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.8 GB\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.2 s\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.5 GB\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), 50_000_000)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.1 s, then \u003ccode\u003eSystemLimitError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 GB\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn an \u003ccode\u003eelixir:1.20.4\u003c/code\u003e container started with \u003ccode\u003e--memory=2g\u003c/code\u003e, either of the last two calls got the VM killed (exit status 137). Over HTTP (Plug and Bandit) a 34-byte JSON body carrying \u003ccode\u003eplaces: -50_000_000\u003c/code\u003e returned after 1.25 s with server memory at 4.3 GB.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "`Decimal.round/3` sets the target exponent to `-places` and `do_round/5` materializes the coefficient at that exponent; `context/2` only applies the precision afterwards.\n\n- Positive `places` (introduced in 1.3.0 by commit 7a83d27): `digits ++ Enum.map(1..(exp - target_exp), fn _ -\u003e ?0 end)` followed by `:erlang.list_to_integer/1` (`lib/decimal.ex:2409` in 3.1.1). The list is built before `list_to_integer/1` raises `SystemLimitError` for results over about 1.26 million digits, the BEAM integer size limit.\n- Negative `places` (since 1.4.0): `:lists.duplicate(target_exp - exp, ?0) ++ digits` (`lib/decimal.ex:2385-2386` in 3.1.1).\n- Releases from 0.1.0 before 1.1.0: `do_round` (and in 1.0.1 `split_coef`) recurses once per decimal place for negative `places`; 1.0.1 also multiplies a power of ten by 10 on every iteration. Established by reading the code; these releases do not compile on current Elixir.\n\nMeasured on OTP 29 with 3.1.1, one call per fresh VM:\n\n| Call | Time | Peak VM memory |\n|---|---|---|\n| `Decimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -10_000_000)` | 0.25 s | 0.8 GB |\n| `Decimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)` | 1.2 s | 5.5 GB |\n| `Decimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), 50_000_000)` | 2.1 s, then `SystemLimitError` | 2.4 GB |\n\nIn an `elixir:1.20.4` container started with `--memory=2g`, either of the last two calls got the VM killed (exit status 137). Over HTTP (Plug and Bandit) a 34-byte JSON body carrying `places: -50_000_000` returned after 1.25 s with server memory at 4.3 GB."
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"value": "Decimal.round/3 sets the target exponent to -places and do_round/5 materializes the coefficient at that exponent; context/2 only applies the precision afterwards.\n\n* Positive places (introduced in 1.3.0 by commit 7a83d27): digits ++ Enum.map(1..(exp - target_exp), fn _ -\u003e ?0 end) followed by :erlang.list_to_integer/1 (lib/decimal.ex:2409 in 3.1.1). The list is built before list_to_integer/1 raises SystemLimitError for results over about 1.26 million digits, the BEAM integer size limit.\n* Negative places (since 1.4.0): :lists.duplicate(target_exp - exp, ?0) ++ digits (lib/decimal.ex:2385-2386 in 3.1.1).\n* Releases from 0.1.0 before 1.1.0: do_round (and in 1.0.1 split_coef) recurses once per decimal place for negative places; 1.0.1 also multiplies a power of ten by 10 on every iteration. Established by reading the code; these releases do not compile on current Elixir.\n\nMeasured on OTP 29 with 3.1.1, one call per fresh VM:\n\nCallTimePeak VM memoryDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -10_000_000)0.25 s0.8 GBDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000)1.2 s5.5 GBDecimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), 50_000_000)2.1 s, then SystemLimitError2.4 GB\n\nIn an elixir:1.20.4 container started with --memory=2g, either of the last two calls got the VM killed (exit status 137). Over HTTP (Plug and Bandit) a 34-byte JSON body carrying places: -50_000_000 returned after 1.25 s with server memory at 4.3 GB."
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"datePublished": "2026-10-10T19:43:45.217Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-09T00:30:01.645Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-10T19:43:45.217Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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},
{
"at": "3c90af4c3c2dfa4bb4c138760a326dd0eb91822b",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "affected",
"version": "05bb73eb40ddef24eda782d905766f56a3660522",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in ericmj decimal allows Denial of Service.\n\nDecimal.round/3 builds the full result for the requested number of decimal places before the context precision (34 digits by default) is applied, so its cost grows with the places argument instead of with the size of the result. For positive places it appends places zero digits to the coefficient as a charlist before converting it to an integer, and for negative places it builds a charlist of -places zero digits. A single call such as Decimal.round(Decimal.new(\"1.5\"), -50_000_000) allocates about 5.5 GB of memory, which can exhaust available memory and get the BEAM VM killed. The oldest releases instead loop once per decimal place, consuming CPU in proportion to places.\n\nAny application that passes a user-supplied number of decimal places or scale to Decimal.round/2 or Decimal.round/3 without bounding it is exposed. The input limits added for CVE-2026-32686 do not cover the places argument.\n\nThis issue affects decimal: from 0.1.0 before 3.1.2."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-97853",
"lastModified": "2026-10-10T20:16:47.640",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2026-10-10T20:16:47.640",
"references": [
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-97853.html"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/commit/05bb73eb40ddef24eda782d905766f56a3660522"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/commit/338f42c8cf6a9749ab70c5af04734c6050ca3dc6"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/commit/3c90af4c3c2dfa4bb4c138760a326dd0eb91822b"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ericmj/decimal/security/advisories/GHSA-6c27-994x-c52f"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-97853"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"vulnStatus": "Received",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-789"
}
],
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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