Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44723 (GCVE-0-2026-44723)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 15:49 – Updated: 2026-05-28 13:58

Title

Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner

Summary

Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.

Severity

5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-28 13:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/com…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
VowpalWabbit	vowpal_wabbit	Affected: < 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-44723",
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                  }
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-28T13:57:55.755971Z",
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              "type": "CWE"
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        },
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          "descriptions": [
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          ],
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        },
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    "redhat_vex": {
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      "initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner",
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    "vulnrichment": {
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}

FKIE_CVE-2026-44723

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-26 17:16 - Updated: 2026-07-24 11:10

Severity

5.0 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
9.9 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/commit/998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	vowpalwabbit	vowpal_wabbit	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "vowpal_wabbit",
          "vendor": "VowpalWabbit",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad"
            }
          ]
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
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      "nodes": [
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              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:vowpalwabbit:vowpal_wabbit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "A8E249E4-144A-4E67-B32F-FCA4221EE7BA",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2026-05-04",
              "vulnerable": true
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          "operator": "OR"
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    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Vowpal Wabbit es un sistema de aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico. El flujo de trabajo .github/workflows/python_checks.yml incrusta ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directamente dentro de cadenas bash entre comillas dobles en cuatro pasos separados a lo largo de cuatro trabajos, cada uno pas\u00e1ndolo como un argumento de CLI al script de prueba de Python run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. El shell interpreta la cadena expandida antes de invocar a Python, permitiendo a un atacante escapar de las comillas y ejecutar comandos arbitrarios en el ejecutor. El disparador pull_request se activa en las PRs dirigidas a cualquier rama (branches: [\u0027*\u0027]), sin ninguna puerta de acceso adicional. Esta vulnerabilidad se corrige con el commit 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44723",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-24T11:10:00.170",
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          "version": "3.1"
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        "impactScore": 1.4,
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        "type": "Secondary"
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          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
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        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
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    "ssvcV203": [
      {
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        "ssvcData": {
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          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
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            {
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            {
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    },
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.