Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-59043 (GCVE-0-2025-59043)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-17 16:03 – Updated: 2025-10-17 17:22

Title

OpenBao vulnerable to denial of service via malicious JSON request processing

Summary

OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. In OpenBao versions prior to 2.4.1, JSON objects after decoding may use significantly more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35. This can be used to circumvent the max_request_size configuration parameter which is intended to protect against denial of service attacks. The request body is parsed into a map very early in the request handling chain before authentication, which means an unauthenticated attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an out-of-memory crash. Additionally, for requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.1.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-17 17:22 UTC

CWE

CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f23…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
openbao	openbao	Affected: < 2.4.1	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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bit-openbao-2025-59043

Vulnerability from bitnami_vulndb

Published

2026-07-27 05:48

Modified

2026-09-08 08:34

Summary

OpenBao vulnerable to denial of service via malicious JSON request processing

Details

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Bitnami",
        "name": "openbao",
        "purl": "pkg:bitnami/openbao"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "SEMVER"
        }
      ],
      "severity": [
        {
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "type": "CVSS_V3"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59043"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cpes": [
      "cpe:2.3:a:openbao:openbao:*:*:*:*:*:go:*:*"
    ],
    "severity": "High"
  },
  "details": "OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. In OpenBao versions prior to 2.4.1, JSON objects after decoding may use significantly more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35. This can be used to circumvent the max_request_size configuration parameter which is intended to protect against denial of service attacks. The request body is parsed into a map very early in the request handling chain before authentication, which means an unauthenticated attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an out-of-memory crash. Additionally, for requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.1.",
  "id": "BIT-openbao-2025-59043",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T08:34:36.952Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T05:48:59.037Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59043"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.6.2",
  "summary": "OpenBao vulnerable to denial of service via malicious JSON request processing"
}

CNVD-2025-24756

Vulnerability from cnvd - Published: 2025-10-23

Title

OpenBao资源管理错误漏洞

Description

OpenBao是OpenBao开源的一个敏感数据管理软件。 OpenBao 2.4.1之前版本存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于JSON对象反序列化后可能占用过多内存，攻击者可利用该漏洞导致拒绝服务攻击。

Severity

高

Patch Name

OpenBao资源管理错误漏洞的补丁

Patch Description

OpenBao是OpenBao开源的一个敏感数据管理软件。 OpenBao 2.4.1之前版本存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于JSON对象反序列化后可能占用过多内存，攻击者可利用该漏洞导致拒绝服务攻击。目前，供应商发布了安全公告及相关补丁信息，修复了此漏洞。

Formal description

厂商已发布了漏洞修复程序，请及时关注更新： https://github.com/openbao/openbao/releases

Reference

https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/

Impacted products

Name
openbao openbao <2.4.1

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

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    "cve": {
      "cveNumber": "CVE-2025-59043",
      "cveUrl": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59043"
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  },
  "description": "OpenBao\u662fOpenBao\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\n\nOpenBao 2.4.1\u4e4b\u524d\u7248\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6e90\u4e8eJSON\u5bf9\u8c61\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5bfc\u81f4\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u3002",
  "formalWay": "\u5382\u5546\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4fee\u590d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53ca\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\r\nhttps://github.com/openbao/openbao/releases",
  "isEvent": "\u901a\u7528\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u6f0f\u6d1e",
  "number": "CNVD-2025-24756",
  "openTime": "2025-10-23",
  "patchDescription": "OpenBao\u662fOpenBao\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\r\n\r\nOpenBao 2.4.1\u4e4b\u524d\u7248\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6e90\u4e8eJSON\u5bf9\u8c61\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5bfc\u81f4\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u544a\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8865\u4e01\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u4e86\u6b64\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002",
  "patchName": "OpenBao\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u8865\u4e01",
  "products": {
    "product": "openbao openbao \u003c2.4.1"
  },
  "referenceLink": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/",
  "serverity": "\u9ad8",
  "submitTime": "2025-10-23",
  "title": "OpenBao\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u6f0f\u6d1e"
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-59043

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-17 16:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:45

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50	Product
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756	Issue Tracking
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m	Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	openbao	openbao	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "openbao",
          "vendor": "openbao",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.4.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:openbao:openbao:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "542C558D-BFC0-4CC6-B683-74E4DFB31A30",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2.4.1",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. In OpenBao versions prior to 2.4.1, JSON objects after decoding may use significantly more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35. This can be used to circumvent the max_request_size configuration parameter which is intended to protect against denial of service attacks. The request body is parsed into a map very early in the request handling chain before authentication, which means an unauthenticated attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an out-of-memory crash. Additionally, for requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-59043",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:45:29.470",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-59043",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-10-17T17:22:38.221939Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-10-17T16:15:38.763",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-400"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G46H-2RQ9-GW5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-17 17:08 – Updated: 2025-10-17 19:07

Summary

OpenBao has potential Denial of Service vulnerability when processing malicious unauthenticated JSON requests

Details

Summary

JSON objects after decoding might use more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to tune a JSON to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage (similar to a zip bomb). While reproducing the issue, we could reach a factor of about 35. This can be used to circumvent the [max_request_size (https://openbao.org/docs/configuration/listener/tcp/) configuration parameter, which is meant to protect against Denial of Service attacks, and also makes Denial of Service attacks easier in general, as the attacker needs much less resources.

Details

The request body is parsed into a map[string]interface{} https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50 very early in the request handling chain (before authentication), which means an attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an OOM crash. Additionally, for simpler requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU.

To remediate, set max_request_json_memory and max_request_json_strings.

Impact

Unauthenticated Denial of Service

Resources

This issue was disclosed directly to HashiCorp and is the OpenBao equivalent of the following tickets:

https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6203

HashiCorp attributes the problem to the audit subsystem. For OpenBao, it was noted the problem was additionally in the requests handling logic.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/openbao/openbao"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59043"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-17T17:08:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-17T16:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nJSON objects after decoding might use more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to tune a JSON to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage (similar to a zip bomb). While reproducing the issue, we could reach a factor of about 35. This can be used to circumvent the [`max_request_size` (https://openbao.org/docs/configuration/listener/tcp/) configuration parameter, which is meant to protect against Denial of Service attacks, and also makes Denial of Service attacks easier in general, as the attacker needs much less resources.\n\n### Details\n\nThe request body is parsed into a `map[string]interface{}` https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50 very early in the request handling chain (before authentication), which means an attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an OOM crash. Additionally, for simpler requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. \n\nTo remediate, set `max_request_json_memory` and `max_request_json_strings`.\n\n### Impact\n\n- Unauthenticated Denial of Service\n\n### Resources\n\nThis issue was disclosed directly to HashiCorp and is the OpenBao equivalent of the following tickets:\n\n- https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393\n- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6203\n\nHashiCorp attributes the problem to the audit subsystem. For OpenBao, it was noted the problem was additionally in the requests handling logic.",
  "id": "GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m",
  "modified": "2025-10-17T19:07:55Z",
  "published": "2025-10-17T17:08:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59043"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6203"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenBao has potential Denial of Service vulnerability when processing malicious unauthenticated JSON requests"
}

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-11-07 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-20 21:44

Summary

govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20251105T184115-1.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

70 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-59043.

CVE-2025-59043

Recommended: 4 products

Open the full advisory

WID-SEC-W-2025-2391

Vulnerability from csaf_certbund - Published: 2025-10-22 22:00 - Updated: 2025-10-26 23:00

Summary

OpenBao: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Severity

Mittel

Scope

3 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-59043.

CVE-2025-59043

Known affected: 4 products

Open the full advisory

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-59043 (GCVE-0-2025-59043)

bit-openbao-2025-59043

Vulnerability from bitnami_vulndb

CNVD-2025-24756

FKIE_CVE-2025-59043

GHSA-G46H-2RQ9-GW5M

Summary

Details

Impact

Resources

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1

WID-SEC-W-2025-2391

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour