CVE-2025-40170 (GCVE-0-2025-40170)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 10:46 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()
Use RCU to protect accesses to dst->dev from sk_setup_caps()
and sk_dst_gso_max_size().
Also use dst_dev_rcu() in ip6_dst_mtu_maybe_forward(),
and ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward().
ip4_dst_hoplimit() can use dst_dev_net_rcu().
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 19:33 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36 , < 5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12
(git)
Affected: 4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36 , < a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48 (git) Affected: 4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36 , < 99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.13
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.13 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.64 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-40170",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-16T19:33:10.426175Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T19:33:20.303Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"include/net/ip.h",
"include/net/ip6_route.h",
"include/net/route.h",
"net/core/sock.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"include/net/ip.h",
"include/net/ip6_route.h",
"include/net/route.h",
"net/core/sock.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.13"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.13",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.64",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.64",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.13",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()\n\nUse RCU to protect accesses to dst-\u003edev from sk_setup_caps()\nand sk_dst_gso_max_size().\n\nAlso use dst_dev_rcu() in ip6_dst_mtu_maybe_forward(),\nand ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward().\n\nip4_dst_hoplimit() can use dst_dev_net_rcu()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The unprotected `sk_setup_caps()` reader is reached from process-context syscalls (connect/sendmsg/SCTP output), and the racing `dst_dev_put()`/netdev-unregister side requires local netns and link/route manipulation; the remote-triggered call site (`tcp_v4_syn_recv_sock`) runs BH-disabled and is implicitly RCU-protected.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread loops connect()/sendmsg() on sockets holding the dst while another deletes the veth/route in its own netns \u2014 and can retry indefinitely until the window is hit.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local account suffices; CAP_NET_ADMIN needed for link/route teardown is obtainable without real root via user namespaces (`unshare -Urn`), and the socket side needs no privilege at all.\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely driven by the attacker\u0027s own threads issuing socket syscalls and netlink link/route operations; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free is on a kernel `struct net_device` and its effects stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free read of a freed, heap-sprayable `net_device`; its contents are loaded into `sk_route_caps`, `sk_gso_max_size` and `sk_gso_max_segs`, which observably alter TCP segmentation and thus leak freed-memory contents, and per UAF guidance this is High.\nI:H - Values read from freed memory are written into persistent socket state and then drive packet construction \u2014 bogus SG/HW_CSUM/GSO feature bits and an underflowed multi-gigabyte `sk_gso_max_size` corrupt the TX path, and a UAF on a sprayable object is treatable as an arbitrary-write primitive.\nA:H - Dereferencing a freed `net_device` can oops outright, and the resulting garbage GSO sizes/segment counts produce oversized skb allocations and inconsistent offload state that crash the transmit path and drivers."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:15.716Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879"
}
],
"title": "net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40170",
"datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:46:52.014Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.176Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:15.716Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40170",
"date": "2026-09-15",
"epss": "0.00147",
"percentile": "0.04298"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-06-28T01:51:26.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40170",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40170",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "13",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40170.json",
"version": "14"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40170\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-11-12T11:15:47.393\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:24:15.463\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()\\n\\nUse RCU to protect accesses to dst-\u003edev from sk_setup_caps()\\nand sk_dst_gso_max_size().\\n\\nAlso use dst_dev_rcu() in ip6_dst_mtu_maybe_forward(),\\nand ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward().\\n\\nip4_dst_hoplimit() can use dst_dev_net_rcu().\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/ip.h\",\"include/net/ip6_route.h\",\"include/net/route.h\",\"net/core/sock.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36\",\"lessThan\":\"5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36\",\"lessThan\":\"a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36\",\"lessThan\":\"99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/ip.h\",\"include/net/ip6_route.h\",\"include/net/route.h\",\"net/core/sock.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.13\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.13\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.64\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-16T19:33:10.426175Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40170\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"yes\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:48:29+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40170",
"id": "CVE-2025-40170",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "1980",
"product_status:known_affected": "36",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40170.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-11T01:55:21Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40170",
"id": "CVE-2025-40170",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-14T00:24:25Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "735",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "36",
"product_status:recommended": "510",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40170",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40170.json",
"version": "52"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-40170\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-16T19:33:10.426175Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-16T19:33:15.915Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36\", \"lessThan\": \"5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36\", \"lessThan\": \"a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4a6ce2b6f2ecabbddcfe47e7cf61dd0f00b10e36\", \"lessThan\": \"99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"include/net/ip.h\", \"include/net/ip6_route.h\", \"include/net/route.h\", \"net/core/sock.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.13\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.13\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.64\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.17.3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.17.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.18\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"include/net/ip.h\", \"include/net/ip6_route.h\", \"include/net/route.h\", \"net/core/sock.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d1be493d1110c9e720b4c51a6e587bb2fb4ac12\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a805729c0091073d8f0415cfa96c7acd1bc17a48\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99a2ace61b211b0be861b07fbaa062fca4b58879\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()\\n\\nUse RCU to protect accesses to dst-\u003edev from sk_setup_caps()\\nand sk_dst_gso_max_size().\\n\\nAlso use dst_dev_rcu() in ip6_dst_mtu_maybe_forward(),\\nand ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward().\\n\\nip4_dst_hoplimit() can use dst_dev_net_rcu().\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.64\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.17.3\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.18\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.13\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T21:44:07.195Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-40170\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-16T19:33:20.303Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T07:20:57.176Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-11-12T10:46:52.014Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Loading…
Loading…