CVE-2025-38555 (GCVE-0-2025-38555)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:02 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
usb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
usb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()
1. In func configfs_composite_bind() -> composite_os_desc_req_prepare():
if kmalloc fails, the pointer cdev->os_desc_req will be freed but not
set to NULL. Then it will return a failure to the upper-level function.
2. in func configfs_composite_bind() -> composite_dev_cleanup():
it will checks whether cdev->os_desc_req is NULL. If it is not NULL, it
will attempt to use it.This will lead to a use-after-free issue.
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0
Read of size 8 at addr 0000004827837a00 by task init/1
CPU: 10 PID: 1 Comm: init Tainted: G O 5.10.97-oh #1
kasan_report+0x188/0x1cc
__asan_load8+0xb4/0xbc
composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0
configfs_composite_bind+0x210/0x7ac
udc_bind_to_driver+0xb4/0x1ec
usb_gadget_probe_driver+0xec/0x21c
gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store+0x264/0x27c
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
11 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < dba96dfa5a0f685b959dd28a52ac8dab0b805204
(git)
Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < 2db29235e900a084a656dea7e0939b0abb7bb897 (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < 8afb22aa063f706f3343707cdfb8cda4d021dd33 (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < e624bf26127645a2f7821e73fdf6dc64bad07835 (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < aada327a9f8028c573636fa60c0abc80fb8135c9 (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < 5f06ee9f9a3665d43133f125c17e5258a13f3963 (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < bd3c4ef60baf7f65c963f3e12d9d7b2b091e20ba (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < e1be1f380c82a69f80c68c96a7cfe8759fb30355 (git) Affected: 37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7 , < 151c0aa896c47a4459e07fee7d4843f44c1bb18e (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.16 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.148 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.102 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.42 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()\n\n1. In func configfs_composite_bind() -\u003e composite_os_desc_req_prepare():\nif kmalloc fails, the pointer cdev-\u003eos_desc_req will be freed but not\nset to NULL. Then it will return a failure to the upper-level function.\n2. in func configfs_composite_bind() -\u003e composite_dev_cleanup():\nit will checks whether cdev-\u003eos_desc_req is NULL. If it is not NULL, it\nwill attempt to use it.This will lead to a use-after-free issue.\n\nBUG: KASAN: use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0\nRead of size 8 at addr 0000004827837a00 by task init/1\n\nCPU: 10 PID: 1 Comm: init Tainted: G O 5.10.97-oh #1\n kasan_report+0x188/0x1cc\n __asan_load8+0xb4/0xbc\n composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0\n configfs_composite_bind+0x210/0x7ac\n udc_bind_to_driver+0xb4/0x1ec\n usb_gadget_probe_driver+0xec/0x21c\n gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store+0x264/0x27c"
}
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"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached entirely from local userspace by writing to the gadget\u0027s configfs `UDC` attribute (`gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store()` \u2192 `udc_bind_to_driver()` \u2192 `configfs_composite_bind()`); no USB bus traffic, attached host, or physical device access participates in triggering it. Despite being in the USB gadget stack, the trigger is a plain local file write, so Local is both accurate and higher severity than Physical.\nAC:L - Once the 4 KB `kmalloc()` returns NULL the dangling `cdev-\u003eos_desc_req` is dereferenced deterministically on the unwind path with no race to win, and the attacker controls every other precondition (`os_desc` group enabled to set `use_os_string`, unlimited retries of the `UDC` write) while driving the system toward the allocation failure with ordinary memory pressure. The long `purge_configs_funcs()` window between free and use also lets the attacker reliably spray the freed slab object rather than depending on unknowable layout.\nPR:L - configfs is not mountable from a user namespace, but the `/sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget` tree is commonly delegated to a non-root service account (Android\u0027s system-uid USB gadget HAL, embedded gadget managers), so an unprivileged-but-delegated local account can create the `os_desc` configuration and write `UDC`. No capability check guards the store handler itself beyond file ownership.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the whole sequence \u2014 building the gadget, enabling OS descriptors, generating memory pressure, and writing `UDC` \u2014 with no action required from any other user or administrator. The use-after-free fires inside the attacker\u0027s own write syscall.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel slab memory during the calling task\u0027s own syscall and stays within the kernel\u0027s security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `composite_dev_cleanup()` reads `cdev-\u003eos_desc_req-\u003ebuf` out of a freed slab object after a long reclaim window, and an attacker who sprays that object controls the value used for a subsequent `kfree()`, turning the UAF into a heap-manipulation primitive that can be leveraged to read arbitrary kernel memory. Per kernel scoring guidance, a use-after-free is High confidentiality impact.\nI:H - The stale pointer yields `kfree()` of an attacker-influenced pointer plus a NULL write into the reclaimed object and then a second free of the already-freed `usb_request` \u2014 an arbitrary-free and double-free combination that is a well-established route to slab corruption, arbitrary write, and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Even without exploitation the double free and freeing of a bogus `buf` pointer corrupt the SLUB freelist and reliably produce a KASAN report, BUG, or kernel panic \u2014 the reporter\u0027s own trace shows the oops occurring in PID 1 (`init`), which is fatal to the system."
}
]
}
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"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:53.142Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dba96dfa5a0f685b959dd28a52ac8dab0b805204"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2db29235e900a084a656dea7e0939b0abb7bb897"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8afb22aa063f706f3343707cdfb8cda4d021dd33"
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{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aada327a9f8028c573636fa60c0abc80fb8135c9"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/151c0aa896c47a4459e07fee7d4843f44c1bb18e"
}
],
"title": "usb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()",
"x_generator": {
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"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38555",
"datePublished": "2025-08-19T17:02:34.110Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.025Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:53.142Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-38555",
"date": "2026-09-16",
"epss": "0.00179",
"percentile": "0.0771"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-02-21T04:13:37.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38555",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-38555",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "2",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "usb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38555.json",
"version": "4"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38555\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-08-19T17:15:31.667\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:23:25.793\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nusb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()\\n\\n1. In func configfs_composite_bind() -\u003e composite_os_desc_req_prepare():\\nif kmalloc fails, the pointer cdev-\u003eos_desc_req will be freed but not\\nset to NULL. Then it will return a failure to the upper-level function.\\n2. in func configfs_composite_bind() -\u003e composite_dev_cleanup():\\nit will checks whether cdev-\u003eos_desc_req is NULL. If it is not NULL, it\\nwill attempt to use it.This will lead to a use-after-free issue.\\n\\nBUG: KASAN: use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0\\nRead of size 8 at addr 0000004827837a00 by task init/1\\n\\nCPU: 10 PID: 1 Comm: init Tainted: G O 5.10.97-oh #1\\n kasan_report+0x188/0x1cc\\n __asan_load8+0xb4/0xbc\\n composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0\\n configfs_composite_bind+0x210/0x7ac\\n udc_bind_to_driver+0xb4/0x1ec\\n usb_gadget_probe_driver+0xec/0x21c\\n gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store+0x264/0x27c\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: usb: gadget: correcci\u00f3n del problema de use-after-free en composite_dev_cleanup(). 1. En la funci\u00f3n configfs_composite_bind() -\u0026gt; composite_os_desc_req_prepare(): si kmalloc falla, el puntero cdev-\u0026gt;os_desc_req se liberar\u00e1, pero no se establecer\u00e1 en NULL. En ese caso, devolver\u00e1 un error a la funci\u00f3n de nivel superior. 2. En la funci\u00f3n configfs_composite_bind() -\u0026gt; composite_dev_cleanup(): comprobar\u00e1 si cdev-\u0026gt;os_desc_req es NULL. Si no lo es, intentar\u00e1 usarlo. Esto provocar\u00e1 un problema de use-after-free. ERROR: KASAN: use-after-free en composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0 Lectura de tama\u00f1o 8 en la direcci\u00f3n 0000004827837a00 por la tarea init/1 CPU: 10 PID: 1 Comm: init Contaminado: GO 5.10.97-oh #1 kasan_report+0x188/0x1cc __asan_load8+0xb4/0xbc composite_dev_cleanup+0xf4/0x2c0 configfs_composite_bind+0x210/0x7ac udc_bind_to_driver+0xb4/0x1ec usb_gadget_probe_driver+0xec/0x21c gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store+0x264/0x27c\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"dba96dfa5a0f685b959dd28a52ac8dab0b805204\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"2db29235e900a084a656dea7e0939b0abb7bb897\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"8afb22aa063f706f3343707cdfb8cda4d021dd33\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"e624bf26127645a2f7821e73fdf6dc64bad07835\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"aada327a9f8028c573636fa60c0abc80fb8135c9\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"5f06ee9f9a3665d43133f125c17e5258a13f3963\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"bd3c4ef60baf7f65c963f3e12d9d7b2b091e20ba\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"e1be1f380c82a69f80c68c96a7cfe8759fb30355\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"37a3a533429ef9b3cc9f15a656c19623f0e88df7\",\"lessThan\":\"151c0aa896c47a4459e07fee7d4843f44c1bb18e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.16\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.16\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.297\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.241\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.190\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.148\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.102\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.42\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"3.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.297\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"ECFB74C3-BE5C-45E4-8F58-5736A24136CE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.241\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D0D21C35-EB8A-488A-BBF9-403E4817E5DD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExclud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List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:03:53+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38555",
"id": "CVE-2025-38555",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "76",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "198",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: usb: gadget : fix use-after-free in composite_dev_cleanup()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38555.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-29T01:18:18Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38555",
"id": "CVE-2025-38555",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T23:24:02Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "435",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "253",
"product_status:recommended": "762",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38555",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38555.json",
"version": "54"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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