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CVE-2025-38424 (GCVE-0-2025-38424)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-25 14:16 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:01
VLAI
Title
perf: Fix sample vs do_exit()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf: Fix sample vs do_exit() Baisheng Gao reported an ARM64 crash, which Mark decoded as being a synchronous external abort -- most likely due to trying to access MMIO in bad ways. The crash further shows perf trying to do a user stack sample while in exit_mmap()'s tlb_finish_mmu() -- i.e. while tearing down the address space it is trying to access. It turns out that we stop perf after we tear down the userspace mm; a receipie for disaster, since perf likes to access userspace for various reasons. Flip this order by moving up where we stop perf in do_exit(). Additionally, harden PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN and PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER to abort when the current task does not have an mm (exit_mm() makes sure to set current->mm = NULL; before commencing with the actual teardown). Such that CPU wide events don't trip on this same problem.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 7b8f3c72175c6a63a95cf2e219f8b78e2baad34e (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 507c9a595bad3abd107c6a8857d7fd125d89f386 (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < a9f6aab7910a0ef2895797f15c947f6d1053160f (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 975ffddfa2e19823c719459d2364fcaa17673964 (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 2ee6044a693735396bb47eeaba1ac3ae26c1c99b (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 456019adaa2f5366b89c868dea9b483179bece54 (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 7311970d07c4606362081250da95f2c7901fc0db (git)
Affected: c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7 , < 4f6fc782128355931527cefe3eb45338abd8ab39 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.295 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.239 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.186 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.142 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.95 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.35 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.4 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nperf: Fix sample vs do_exit()\n\nBaisheng Gao reported an ARM64 crash, which Mark decoded as being a\nsynchronous external abort -- most likely due to trying to access\nMMIO in bad ways.\n\nThe crash further shows perf trying to do a user stack sample while in\nexit_mmap()\u0027s tlb_finish_mmu() -- i.e. while tearing down the address\nspace it is trying to access.\n\nIt turns out that we stop perf after we tear down the userspace mm; a\nreceipie for disaster, since perf likes to access userspace for\nvarious reasons.\n\nFlip this order by moving up where we stop perf in do_exit().\n\nAdditionally, harden PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN and PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER\nto abort when the current task does not have an mm (exit_mm() makes\nsure to set current-\u003emm = NULL; before commencing with the actual\nteardown). Such that CPU wide events don\u0027t trip on this same problem."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the `perf_event_open(2)` syscall creating a sampling event with `PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER`/`PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN`, plus a normal task exit. No network or physical component is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 it creates the sampling event, chooses when the task calls `exit_group()`, and can widen the `exit_mmap()` window arbitrarily by mapping a large address space with many VMAs; failed attempts are free and can be repeated thousands of times per second via forked children with `attr.inherit=1`.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged user can do this at the upstream default `perf_event_paranoid=2` \u2014 `PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER`/`PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN` have no capability gate, per-task events on one\u0027s own tasks need only `ptrace_may_access`, and `exclude_kernel=1` samples that skid into kernel mode are deliberately not dropped (revert 6a8a75f32357; `sample_is_allowed()` only guards `sigtrap`). On the widely deployed `perf_event_paranoid\u003c=1` systems it is fully deterministic with software clock events.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers everything from its own processes \u2014 open the event, exit the task. No victim action, no privileged profiler, and no administrator involvement is required.\nS:U - The unsafe access and its consequences are contained within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `__copy_from_user_inatomic()`/`__get_user()` read through an mm whose data pages and page-table pages have already been freed and can be reallocated, and the harvested bytes are written verbatim into the attacker-readable perf ring buffer \u2014 a use-after-free read that can disclose freed/reused memory or, via a walk through a recycled page-table page, effectively arbitrary physical memory.\nI:H - The use-after-free on the page tables makes the CPU issue accesses to attacker-groomable, arbitrary physical addresses; per UAF scoring guidance this is High, and it is concretely damaging because the reported case lands on MMIO, where reads carry side effects (read-to-clear status, FIFO pops) that corrupt device and system state.\nA:H - The reported failure is a fatal kernel abort \u2014 on arm64 `do_sea()` routes the synchronous external abort to `arm64_notify_die()` with `SIGKILL/SI_KERNEL`, which in kernel mode is an unrecoverable oops/panic; the attacker can trigger it repeatedly, giving a reliable full system DoS."
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38424\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-07-25T15:15:27.260\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:23:13.510\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nperf: Fix sample vs do_exit()\\n\\nBaisheng Gao reported an ARM64 crash, which Mark decoded as being a\\nsynchronous external abort -- most likely due to trying to access\\nMMIO in bad ways.\\n\\nThe crash further shows perf trying to do a user stack sample while in\\nexit_mmap()\u0027s tlb_finish_mmu() -- i.e. while tearing down the address\\nspace it is trying to access.\\n\\nIt turns out that we stop perf after we tear down the userspace mm; a\\nreceipie for disaster, since perf likes to access userspace for\\nvarious reasons.\\n\\nFlip this order by moving up where we stop perf in do_exit().\\n\\nAdditionally, harden PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN and PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER\\nto abort when the current task does not have an mm (exit_mm() makes\\nsure to set current-\u003emm = NULL; before commencing with the actual\\nteardown). Such that CPU wide events don\u0027t trip on this same problem.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: perf: Fix sample vs do_exit() Baisheng Gao inform\u00f3 de un fallo de ARM64, que Mark decodific\u00f3 como una interrupci\u00f3n externa sincr\u00f3nica, probablemente debido a un intento de acceder a MMIO de forma incorrecta. El fallo muestra adem\u00e1s que perf intenta hacer una muestra de pila de usuario mientras est\u00e1 en tlb_finish_mmu() de exit_mmap(), es decir, mientras derriba el espacio de direcciones al que intenta acceder. Resulta que detenemos perf despu\u00e9s de derribar el mm del espacio de usuario; una receta para el desastre, ya que a perf le gusta acceder al espacio de usuario por varias razones. Invierta este orden subiendo donde detenemos perf en do_exit(). Adem\u00e1s, endurezca PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN y PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER para que se detengan cuando la tarea actual no tenga un mm (exit_mm() se asegura de establecer current-\u0026gt;mm = NULL; antes de comenzar con el desmontaje real). De modo que los eventos de toda la CPU no se activen con este mismo problema.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/events/core.c\",\"kernel/exit.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"7b8f3c72175c6a63a95cf2e219f8b78e2baad34e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"507c9a595bad3abd107c6a8857d7fd125d89f386\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"a9f6aab7910a0ef2895797f15c947f6d1053160f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"975ffddfa2e19823c719459d2364fcaa17673964\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"2ee6044a693735396bb47eeaba1ac3ae26c1c99b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"456019adaa2f5366b89c868dea9b483179bece54\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"7311970d07c4606362081250da95f2c7901fc0db\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"4f6fc782128355931527cefe3eb45338abd8ab39\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/events/core.c\",\"kernel/exit.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.7\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.7\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.295\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.239\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.186\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.142\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.95\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.35\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.4\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"3.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.295\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"787938FE-68C1-4295-BECA-110746C6BED4\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.239\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C3D14F4C-A21E-465D-A928-5CCE684E2B98\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.186\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D96F2C0D-0D4A-4658-AD34-D8A626EA422D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.142\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"459B4E94-FE0E-434D-B782-9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List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:07:40+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38424",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38424",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-25T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Kernel: Denial of Service in perf due to user stack sampling during process exit",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38424.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-30T01:54:57Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38424",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38424",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-01T23:23:01Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "737",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "54",
      "product_status:recommended": "509",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38424",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38424.json",
      "version": "47"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.