CVE-2025-38115 (GCVE-0-2025-38115)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-03 08:35 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net_sched: sch_sfq: fix a potential crash on gso_skb handling
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net_sched: sch_sfq: fix a potential crash on gso_skb handling
SFQ has an assumption of always being able to queue at least one packet.
However, after the blamed commit, sch->q.len can be inflated by packets
in sch->gso_skb, and an enqueue() on an empty SFQ qdisc can be followed
by an immediate drop.
Fix sfq_drop() to properly clear q->tail in this situation.
ip netns add lb
ip link add dev to-lb type veth peer name in-lb netns lb
ethtool -K to-lb tso off # force qdisc to requeue gso_skb
ip netns exec lb ethtool -K in-lb gro on # enable NAPI
ip link set dev to-lb up
ip -netns lb link set dev in-lb up
ip addr add dev to-lb 192.168.20.1/24
ip -netns lb addr add dev in-lb 192.168.20.2/24
tc qdisc replace dev to-lb root sfq limit 100
ip netns exec lb netserver
netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 &
netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 &
netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 &
netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 &
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < c337efb20d6d9f9bbb4746f6b119917af5c886dc
(git)
Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < b44f791f27b14c9eb6b907fbe51f2ba8bec32085 (git) Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < 5814a7fc3abb41f63f2d44c9d3ff9d4e62965b72 (git) Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < 9c19498bdd7cb9d854bd3c54260f71cf7408495e (git) Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < b4e9bab6011b9559b7c157b16b91ae46d4d8c533 (git) Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < d1bc80da75c789f2f6830df89d91fb2f7a509943 (git) Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < 82448d4dcd8406dec688632a405fdcf7f170ec69 (git) Affected: a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe , < 82ffbe7776d0ac084031f114167712269bf3d832 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.16 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.295 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.239 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.186 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.142 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.94 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.34 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.3 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: sch_sfq: fix a potential crash on gso_skb handling\n\nSFQ has an assumption of always being able to queue at least one packet.\n\nHowever, after the blamed commit, sch-\u003eq.len can be inflated by packets\nin sch-\u003egso_skb, and an enqueue() on an empty SFQ qdisc can be followed\nby an immediate drop.\n\nFix sfq_drop() to properly clear q-\u003etail in this situation.\n\n\nip netns add lb\nip link add dev to-lb type veth peer name in-lb netns lb\nethtool -K to-lb tso off # force qdisc to requeue gso_skb\nip netns exec lb ethtool -K in-lb gro on # enable NAPI\nip link set dev to-lb up\nip -netns lb link set dev in-lb up\nip addr add dev to-lb 192.168.20.1/24\nip -netns lb addr add dev in-lb 192.168.20.2/24\ntc qdisc replace dev to-lb root sfq limit 100\n\nip netns exec lb netserver\n\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026"
}
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"version": "3.1"
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is the SFQ qdisc, reached by configuring a qdisc via tc/netlink on a local netdevice and then driving local transmit traffic through it; there is no path for an unauthenticated remote peer to install the qdisc or control the requeue/limit conditions. Per kernel scoring convention, tc/qdisc netlink-configured subsystems are Local.\nAC:L - The attacker controls every precondition \u2014 SFQ limit, the veth/NAPI setup that forces NETDEV_TX_BUSY requeues into gso_skb, the number of flows, and the traffic rate \u2014 so the \"empty SFQ + inflated q.qlen + single-slot drop\" state is reached deterministically, as demonstrated by the upstream reproducer. No race window or uncontrollable memory layout is required.\nPR:L - Creating the veth pair and installing the SFQ qdisc requires only CAP_NET_ADMIN within a network namespace, which any unprivileged local user obtains via `unshare -Urn`; no real root in the init namespace is needed. Basic local user access is therefore sufficient.\nUI:N - The attacker sets up the qdisc and generates the traffic entirely on their own; no victim action, mount, or file open is involved.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel memory and the resulting compromise stays within the same security authority (kernel/host); no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale q-\u003etail leads to slot-\u003eqlen underflowing to 65535, causing sfq_link() to read q-\u003edep[65535] roughly 256 KB out of bounds, and the emptied slot is returned as a fake sk_buff whose contents are read as skb-\u003elen/skb-\u003edata/GSO fields by the transmit path \u2014 both yield disclosure of adjacent kernel memory and, via heap grooming, arbitrary read.\nI:H - sfq_link() performs out-of-bounds writes (`q-\u003edep[65535].next = x` and `sfq_dep_head(q, n)-\u003eprev = x` with n taken from out-of-bounds memory), and the type-confused sfq_slot is ultimately freed into skbuff_head_cache \u2014 an OOB write plus wild free that is leverageable for control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Dequeuing from the stale empty slot reliably produces a bogus sk_buff handed to the device driver plus out-of-bounds accesses, causing kernel oops/panic (the reported symptom is a crash), and the condition can be re-triggered at will."
}
]
}
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82ffbe7776d0ac084031f114167712269bf3d832"
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"title": "net_sched: sch_sfq: fix a potential crash on gso_skb handling",
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"datePublished": "2025-07-03T08:35:23.750Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.986Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:39.505Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"date": "2026-09-15",
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"product_status:fixed": "2",
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"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "net_sched: sch_sfq: fix a potential crash on gso_skb handling",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38115.json",
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"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38115\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-07-03T09:15:25.350\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:52.100\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet_sched: sch_sfq: fix a potential crash on gso_skb handling\\n\\nSFQ has an assumption of always being able to queue at least one packet.\\n\\nHowever, after the blamed commit, sch-\u003eq.len can be inflated by packets\\nin sch-\u003egso_skb, and an enqueue() on an empty SFQ qdisc can be followed\\nby an immediate drop.\\n\\nFix sfq_drop() to properly clear q-\u003etail in this situation.\\n\\n\\nip netns add lb\\nip link add dev to-lb type veth peer name in-lb netns lb\\nethtool -K to-lb tso off # force qdisc to requeue gso_skb\\nip netns exec lb ethtool -K in-lb gro on # enable NAPI\\nip link set dev to-lb up\\nip -netns lb link set dev in-lb up\\nip addr add dev to-lb 192.168.20.1/24\\nip -netns lb addr add dev in-lb 192.168.20.2/24\\ntc qdisc replace dev to-lb root sfq limit 100\\n\\nip netns exec lb netserver\\n\\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\\nnetperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net_sched: sch_sfq: se corrige un posible fallo en la gesti\u00f3n de gso_skb. SFQ asume que siempre puede poner en cola al menos un paquete. Sin embargo, tras la confirmaci\u00f3n responsable, sch-\u0026gt;q.len puede inflarse con paquetes en sch-\u0026gt;gso_skb, y una operaci\u00f3n enqueue() en una qdisc SFQ vac\u00eda puede ir seguida de un descarte inmediato. Corrija sfq_drop() para que borre correctamente q-\u0026gt;tail en esta situaci\u00f3n. ip netns add lb ip link add dev to-lb type veth peer name in-lb netns lb ethtool -K to-lb tso off # force qdisc to requeue gso_skb ip netns exec lb ethtool -K in-lb gro on # enable NAPI ip link set dev to-lb up ip -netns lb link set dev in-lb up ip addr add dev to-lb 192.168.20.1/24 ip -netns lb addr add dev in-lb 192.168.20.2/24 tc qdisc replace dev to-lb root sfq limit 100 ip netns exec lb netserver netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026amp; netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026amp; netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026amp; netperf -H 192.168.20.2 -l 100 \u0026amp; \"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/sched/sch_sfq.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"c337efb20d6d9f9bbb4746f6b119917af5c886dc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"b44f791f27b14c9eb6b907fbe51f2ba8bec32085\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"5814a7fc3abb41f63f2d44c9d3ff9d4e62965b72\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"9c19498bdd7cb9d854bd3c54260f71cf7408495e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"b4e9bab6011b9559b7c157b16b91ae46d4d8c533\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"d1bc80da75c789f2f6830df89d91fb2f7a509943\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"82448d4dcd8406dec688632a405fdcf7f170ec69\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a53851e2c3218aa30b77abd6e68cf1c371f15afe\",\"lessThan\":\"82ffbe7776d0ac084031f114167712269bf3d832\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/sched/sch_sfq.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.16\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.16\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.295\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.239\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.186\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.142\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.94\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.34\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-401\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.295\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C32D9D17-384D-4914-8E02-A7F29752ABAB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.239\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C3D14F4C-A21E-465D-A928-5CCE684E2B98\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.186\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D96F2C0D-0D4A-4658-AD34-D8A626EA422D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.142\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"459B4E94-FE0E-434D-B782-95E3A5FFC6B1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"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Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:18:18+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38115",
"id": "CVE-2025-38115",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-03T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Local Denial of Service in network scheduler",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38115.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-28T17:02:40Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38115",
"id": "CVE-2025-38115",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-03T23:23:39Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "686",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "96",
"product_status:recommended": "419",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38115",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38115.json",
"version": "29"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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