CVE-2025-37997 (GCVE-0-2025-37997)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 13:15 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types
Region locking introduced in v5.6-rc4 contained three macros to handle
the region locks: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end() which gave
back the start and end hash bucket values belonging to a given region
lock and ahash_region() which should give back the region lock belonging
to a given hash bucket. The latter was incorrect which can lead to a
race condition between the garbage collector and adding new elements
when a hash type of set is defined with timeouts.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5dd9488ae41070b69d2f4acb580f77db5705f9ca , < 00cfc5fad1491796942a948808afb968a0a3f35b
(git)
Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 226ce0ec38316d9e3739e73a64b6b8304646c658 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 82c1eb32693bc48251d92532975e19160987e5b9 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < aa77294b0f73bb8265987591460cd25b8722c3df (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < a3dfec485401943e315c394c29afe2db8f9481d6 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < e2ab67672b2288521a6146034a971f9a82ffc5c5 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 6e002ecc1c8cfdfc866b9104ab7888da54613e59 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 8478a729c0462273188263136880480729e9efca (git) Affected: a469bab3386aebff33c59506f3a95e35b91118fd (git) Affected: 5.4.24 , < 5.4.294 (semver) Affected: 5.5.8 , < 5.6 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.6
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.294 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.238 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.183 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.139 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.91 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.29 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.7 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable add/del and GC paths are driven through the ipset nfnetlink/sockopt control plane, which requires a local socket (netfilter control plane = Local per kernel scoring convention). Remote packets can drive `mtype_add()` via the `xt_set` SET target, but only when the administrator has configured such a rule, so the base score uses the self-contained local path.\nAC:L - The attacker provisions both sides of the race: they choose `hashsize \u003e= 2048` (which is what breaks the modulo-vs-division region mapping) and a short `timeout` that pins the GC period to the `HZ/10` floor, then churn add/del indefinitely with roughly half of all operations taking the wrong region lock. No condition depends on attacker-uncontrollable state, and failed attempts are freely retriable.\nPR:L - Access is gated on `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` and `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, both evaluated against the network namespace\u0027s user namespace, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn`; ipset state is fully per-netns, so the whole attack works inside the sandbox.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the set, generates the element churn, and the garbage collector fires automatically from a delayed work item. No victim action is involved at any point.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel heap and is exploited for privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The unserialized GC/add race yields use-after-free of hbucket objects and of extension data freed by `ip_set_ext_destroy()`, and stale resurrected buckets let freed slab contents be read back to userspace via `ipset list`, giving an arbitrary-read primitive.\nI:H - GC\u0027s shrink path can copy more used entries than `tmp-\u003esize` accounts for when a concurrent `mtype_add()` bumps `n-\u003epos` under a different lock, producing a heap out-of-bounds write of attacker-controlled element bytes; the double `kfree_rcu()` on the same hbucket additionally corrupts the SLUB freelist, both of which are standard arbitrary-write/control-flow-hijack primitives.\nA:H - Enqueuing the same `rcu_head` twice corrupts the RCU callback list (cycle \u2192 hang in `rcu_do_batch`), and the double free plus out-of-bounds writes reliably produce slab corruption, oops, and panic."
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The latter was incorrect which can lead to a\\nrace condition between the garbage collector and adding new elements\\nwhen a hash type of set is defined with timeouts.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: netfilter: ipset: correcci\u00f3n del bloqueo de regi\u00f3n en tipos hash. El bloqueo de regi\u00f3n introducido en la versi\u00f3n v5.6-rc4 conten\u00eda tres macros para gestionar los bloqueos de regi\u00f3n: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end(), que devolv\u00eda los valores de inicio y fin del dep\u00f3sito hash correspondientes a un bloqueo de regi\u00f3n determinado, y ahash_region(), que deber\u00eda devolver el bloqueo de regi\u00f3n correspondiente a un dep\u00f3sito hash determinado. Esta \u00faltima era incorrecta, lo que puede generar una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n entre el recolector de elementos no utilizados y la adici\u00f3n de nuevos elementos cuando se define un tipo hash de conjunto con tiempos de 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Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:23:41+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-37997",
"id": "CVE-2025-37997",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-29T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37997.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-12T16:50:16Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-37997",
"id": "CVE-2025-37997",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-30T01:26:33Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "387",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "276",
"product_status:recommended": "669",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-37997",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-37997.json",
"version": "49"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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