CVE-2025-37756 (GCVE-0-2025-37756)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-01 12:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect
syzbot discovered that it can disconnect a TLS socket and then
run into all sort of unexpected corner cases. I have a vague
recollection of Eric pointing this out to us a long time ago.
Supporting disconnect is really hard, for one thing if offload
is enabled we'd need to wait for all packets to be _acked_.
Disconnect is not commonly used, disallow it.
The immediate problem syzbot run into is the warning in the strp,
but that's just the easiest bug to trigger:
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5834 at net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486
RIP: 0010:tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486
Call Trace:
<TASK>
tls_rx_rec_wait+0x280/0xa60 net/tls/tls_sw.c:1363
tls_sw_recvmsg+0x85c/0x1c30 net/tls/tls_sw.c:2043
inet6_recvmsg+0x2c9/0x730 net/ipv6/af_inet6.c:678
sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1023 [inline]
sock_recvmsg+0x109/0x280 net/socket.c:1045
__sys_recvfrom+0x202/0x380 net/socket.c:2237
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
11 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < 7bdcf5bc35ae59fc4a0fa23276e84b4d1534a3cf
(git)
Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < ac91c6125468be720eafde9c973994cb45b61d44 (git) Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < f3ce4d3f874ab7919edca364c147ac735f9f1d04 (git) Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < 2bcad8fefcecdd5f005d8c550b25d703c063c34a (git) Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < 9fcbca0f801580cbb583e9cb274e2c7fbe766ca6 (git) Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < c665bef891e8972e1d3ce5bbc0d42a373346a2c3 (git) Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < 8513411ec321942bd3cfed53d5bb700665c67d86 (git) Affected: 3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218 , < 5071a1e606b30c0c11278d3c6620cd6a24724cf6 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.13
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.13 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.237 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.135 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.88 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.24 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.12 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.3 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
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{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect\n\nsyzbot discovered that it can disconnect a TLS socket and then\nrun into all sort of unexpected corner cases. I have a vague\nrecollection of Eric pointing this out to us a long time ago.\nSupporting disconnect is really hard, for one thing if offload\nis enabled we\u0027d need to wait for all packets to be _acked_.\nDisconnect is not commonly used, disallow it.\n\nThe immediate problem syzbot run into is the warning in the strp,\nbut that\u0027s just the easiest bug to trigger:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5834 at net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486\n RIP: 0010:tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486\n Call Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n tls_rx_rec_wait+0x280/0xa60 net/tls/tls_sw.c:1363\n tls_sw_recvmsg+0x85c/0x1c30 net/tls/tls_sw.c:2043\n inet6_recvmsg+0x2c9/0x730 net/ipv6/af_inet6.c:678\n sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1023 [inline]\n sock_recvmsg+0x109/0x280 net/socket.c:1045\n __sys_recvfrom+0x202/0x380 net/socket.c:2237"
}
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"metrics": [
{
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered by the socket owner issuing `connect(fd, AF_UNSPEC)` followed by `recvmsg()` on their own kTLS socket; a remote TLS peer has no way to induce a disconnect. The TCP connection can be entirely loopback, so no network access is needed at all.\nAC:L - The sequence (attach TLS ULP, receive one record so the strparser latches `msg_ready` with a borrowed `frag_list`, disconnect, recvmsg) is fully under the attacker\u0027s control, single-threaded, and deterministic with no race to win. Heap grooming of the freed `skbuff_head` objects is standard and repeatable since the attacker can retry indefinitely.\nPR:L - `net/tls` contains no `capable()`/`ns_capable()` checks whatsoever, and `setsockopt(TCP_ULP,\"tls\")` plus `TLS_RX` crypto_info are available to any unprivileged user once the tls module is built in or resident. All steps are ordinary socket syscalls on a socket the attacker created.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step themselves within a single process; no victim action, mount, or file open is involved.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory managed by the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - `skb_nsg()`/`skb_to_sgvec()` walk the anchor\u0027s dangling `frag_list` into freed `skbuff_head` slab objects, building a scatterlist from attacker-sprayable page pointers; the zero-copy AEAD then writes those kernel bytes into the user\u0027s buffer before the tag check fails, and since the attacker chose the RX key/IV they recover the plaintext \u2014 an arbitrary kernel memory read.\nI:H - This is a use-after-free: `tls_strp_msg_hold()` performs `skb_clone()` on freed skbs (refcount writes into reallocated slab memory) and queues clones that are later freed, giving heap corruption and arbitrary-free primitives usable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The immediate observable effect is the `WARN_ON` at net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 (a panic under `panic_on_warn`), and the subsequent dereference of freed skb metadata and wild page pointers reliably oopses the kernel."
}
]
}
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"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:19.159Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5071a1e606b30c0c11278d3c6620cd6a24724cf6"
}
],
"title": "net: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect",
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-37756",
"datePublished": "2025-05-01T12:56:00.539Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.938Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:19.159Z",
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"date": "2026-09-16",
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"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-37756\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-05-01T13:15:54.370\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:19.233\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect\\n\\nsyzbot discovered that it can disconnect a TLS socket and then\\nrun into all sort of unexpected corner cases. I have a vague\\nrecollection of Eric pointing this out to us a long time ago.\\nSupporting disconnect is really hard, for one thing if offload\\nis enabled we\u0027d need to wait for all packets to be _acked_.\\nDisconnect is not commonly used, disallow it.\\n\\nThe immediate problem syzbot run into is the warning in the strp,\\nbut that\u0027s just the easiest bug to trigger:\\n\\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5834 at net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486\\n RIP: 0010:tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486\\n Call Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n tls_rx_rec_wait+0x280/0xa60 net/tls/tls_sw.c:1363\\n tls_sw_recvmsg+0x85c/0x1c30 net/tls/tls_sw.c:2043\\n inet6_recvmsg+0x2c9/0x730 net/ipv6/af_inet6.c:678\\n sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1023 [inline]\\n sock_recvmsg+0x109/0x280 net/socket.c:1045\\n __sys_recvfrom+0x202/0x380 net/socket.c:2237\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: tls: expl\u00edcitamente deshabilitar la desconexi\u00f3n. syzbot descubri\u00f3 que puede desconectar un socket TLS y luego encontrarse con todo tipo de casos inesperados. Recuerdo vagamente que Eric nos lo se\u00f1al\u00f3 hace mucho tiempo. Admitir la desconexi\u00f3n es muy dif\u00edcil; por ejemplo, si la descarga est\u00e1 habilitada, tendr\u00edamos que esperar a que se ackearan todos los paquetes. La desconexi\u00f3n no se usa com\u00fanmente; deshabilitarla. El problema inmediato con el que se encuentra syzbot es la advertencia en el strp, pero ese es simplemente el error m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil de activar: ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 0 PID: 5834 en net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 RIP: 0010:tls_strp_msg_load+0x72e/0xa80 net/tls/tls_strp.c:486 Rastreo de llamada: tls_rx_rec_wait+0x280/0xa60 net/tls/tls_sw.c:1363 tls_sw_recvmsg+0x85c/0x1c30 net/tls/tls_sw.c:2043 inet6_recvmsg+0x2c9/0x730 net/ipv6/af_inet6.c:678 sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1023 [en l\u00ednea] sock_recvmsg+0x109/0x280 net/socket.c:1045 __sys_recvfrom+0x202/0x380 net/socket.c:2237\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/tls/tls_main.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"7bdcf5bc35ae59fc4a0fa23276e84b4d1534a3cf\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"ac91c6125468be720eafde9c973994cb45b61d44\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"f3ce4d3f874ab7919edca364c147ac735f9f1d04\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"2bcad8fefcecdd5f005d8c550b25d703c063c34a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"9fcbca0f801580cbb583e9cb274e2c7fbe766ca6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"c665bef891e8972e1d3ce5bbc0d42a373346a2c3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"8513411ec321942bd3cfed53d5bb700665c67d86\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3c4d7559159bfe1e3b94df3a657b2cda3a34e218\",\"lessThan\":\"5071a1e606b30c0c11278d3c6620cd6a24724cf6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/tls/tls_main.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.13\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.13\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.237\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.181\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.135\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.88\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.24\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.12\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.237\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E5E88B86-BD7B-40BA-94BA-8AA10CEE8C06\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.181\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"12331C9E-F601-4EFC-899E-369F98DCC70B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.135\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5B9ACE29-7445-4B6F-B761-6367C005E275\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.88\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6E5947E5-45E3-462A-829B-382B3B1C61BD\"},{\"vulnerable\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List\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Low",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T10:12:25+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-37756",
"id": "CVE-2025-37756",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: net: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37756.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-01T01:03:25Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-37756",
"id": "CVE-2025-37756",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-02T02:02:55Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "686",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "96",
"product_status:recommended": "419",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-37756",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-37756.json",
"version": "54"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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