CVE-2025-23145 (GCVE-0-2025-23145)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-01 12:55 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow
When testing valkey benchmark tool with MPTCP, the kernel panics in
'mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow' because subflow_req->msk is NULL.
Call trace:
mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:63 (discriminator 4)) (P)
subflow_syn_recv_sock (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:854)
tcp_check_req (./net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c:863)
tcp_v4_rcv (./net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2268)
ip_protocol_deliver_rcu (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:207)
ip_local_deliver_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:234)
ip_local_deliver (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:254)
ip_rcv_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:449)
...
According to the debug log, the same req received two SYN-ACK in a very
short time, very likely because the client retransmits the syn ack due
to multiple reasons.
Even if the packets are transmitted with a relevant time interval, they
can be processed by the server on different CPUs concurrently). The
'subflow_req->msk' ownership is transferred to the subflow the first,
and there will be a risk of a null pointer dereference here.
This patch fixes this issue by moving the 'subflow_req->msk' under the
`own_req == true` conditional.
Note that the !msk check in subflow_hmac_valid() can be dropped, because
the same check already exists under the own_req mpj branch where the
code has been moved to.
Severity
7.5 (High)
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < 8cf7fef1bb2ffea7792bcbf71ca00216cecc725d
(git)
Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < b3088bd2a6790c8efff139d86d7a9d0b1305977b (git) Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < 855bf0aacd51fced11ea9aa0d5101ee0febaeadb (git) Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < 7f9ae060ed64aef8f174c5f1ea513825b1be9af1 (git) Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < dc81e41a307df523072186b241fa8244fecd7803 (git) Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < efd58a8dd9e7a709a90ee486a4247c923d27296f (git) Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < 4b2649b9717678aeb097893cc49f59311a1ecab0 (git) Affected: 9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8 , < 443041deb5ef6a1289a99ed95015ec7442f141dc (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.9 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.237 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.135 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.88 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.24 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.12 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.3 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow\n\nWhen testing valkey benchmark tool with MPTCP, the kernel panics in\n\u0027mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow\u0027 because subflow_req-\u003emsk is NULL.\n\nCall trace:\n\n mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:63 (discriminator 4)) (P)\n subflow_syn_recv_sock (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:854)\n tcp_check_req (./net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c:863)\n tcp_v4_rcv (./net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2268)\n ip_protocol_deliver_rcu (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:207)\n ip_local_deliver_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:234)\n ip_local_deliver (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:254)\n ip_rcv_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:449)\n ...\n\nAccording to the debug log, the same req received two SYN-ACK in a very\nshort time, very likely because the client retransmits the syn ack due\nto multiple reasons.\n\nEven if the packets are transmitted with a relevant time interval, they\ncan be processed by the server on different CPUs concurrently). The\n\u0027subflow_req-\u003emsk\u0027 ownership is transferred to the subflow the first,\nand there will be a risk of a null pointer dereference here.\n\nThis patch fixes this issue by moving the \u0027subflow_req-\u003emsk\u0027 under the\n`own_req == true` conditional.\n\nNote that the !msk check in subflow_hmac_valid() can be dropped, because\nthe same check already exists under the own_req mpj branch where the\ncode has been moved to."
}
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
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"value": "AV:N - The bug is triggered entirely by received TCP packets processed in `tcp_v4_rcv \u2192 tcp_check_req \u2192 subflow_syn_recv_sock`; a remote peer sending duplicate MP_JOIN third ACKs to an MPTCP listening socket reaches the vulnerable code with no local access.\nAC:L - The attacker creates both sides of the race by transmitting multiple duplicate third ACKs for the same request_sock, and can force concurrent multi-CPU processing via IP fragmentation or IPv6 flow-label variation that changes RSS steering for an otherwise identical 4-tuple; the attempt is freely repeatable across many connections, and the race was hit accidentally by a normal benchmark.\nPR:N - No authentication or privilege is needed \u2014 the attacker simply opens their own MPTCP connection to the server, which yields the token and both keys required to produce a valid MP_JOIN HMAC, and MPTCP is enabled by default when compiled in.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by attacker-sent packets against a listening socket; no action by any local user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The NULL dereference and its consequences are confined to the kernel of the targeted host, with no crossing into another security authority such as a hypervisor or IOMMU domain.\nC:N - The dereference is of a NULL pointer at a small fixed offset (`sk-\u003esk_state`), which faults immediately; no attacker-controlled address is read and no memory contents are disclosed.\nI:N - The bug is a read of an unmapped low address with no write primitive and no attacker-controlled pointer value, so no kernel memory or data can be modified.\nA:H - The fault occurs in network RX softirq context, so `oops_end()` escalates it to `panic(\"Fatal exception in interrupt\")` \u2014 a guaranteed, remotely and repeatedly triggerable full-system crash."
}
]
}
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"title": "mptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow",
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-23145",
"datePublished": "2025-05-01T12:55:34.622Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-11T14:28:41.512Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:02.928Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"cve": "CVE-2025-23145",
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"product_status:fixed": "2",
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"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "mptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-23145.json",
"version": "2"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-23145\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-05-01T13:15:50.343\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:16.813\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nmptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow\\n\\nWhen testing valkey benchmark tool with MPTCP, the kernel panics in\\n\u0027mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow\u0027 because subflow_req-\u003emsk is NULL.\\n\\nCall trace:\\n\\n mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:63 (discriminator 4)) (P)\\n subflow_syn_recv_sock (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:854)\\n tcp_check_req (./net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c:863)\\n tcp_v4_rcv (./net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2268)\\n ip_protocol_deliver_rcu (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:207)\\n ip_local_deliver_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:234)\\n ip_local_deliver (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:254)\\n ip_rcv_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:449)\\n ...\\n\\nAccording to the debug log, the same req received two SYN-ACK in a very\\nshort time, very likely because the client retransmits the syn ack due\\nto multiple reasons.\\n\\nEven if the packets are transmitted with a relevant time interval, they\\ncan be processed by the server on different CPUs concurrently). The\\n\u0027subflow_req-\u003emsk\u0027 ownership is transferred to the subflow the first,\\nand there will be a risk of a null pointer dereference here.\\n\\nThis patch fixes this issue by moving the \u0027subflow_req-\u003emsk\u0027 under the\\n`own_req == true` conditional.\\n\\nNote that the !msk check in subflow_hmac_valid() can be dropped, because\\nthe same check already exists under the own_req mpj branch where the\\ncode has been moved to.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: mptcp: se corrige el puntero NULL en can_accept_new_subflow Al probar la herramienta de evaluaci\u00f3n comparativa valkey con MPTCP, el kernel entra en p\u00e1nico en \u0027mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow\u0027 porque subflow_req-\u0026gt;msk es NULL. Rastreo de llamadas: mptcp_can_accept_new_subflow (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:63 (discriminador 4)) (P) subflow_syn_recv_sock (./net/mptcp/subflow.c:854) tcp_check_req (./net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c:863) tcp_v4_rcv (./net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2268) ip_protocol_deliver_rcu (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:207) ip_local_deliver_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:234) ip_local_deliver (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:254) ip_rcv_finish (./net/ipv4/ip_input.c:449) ... Seg\u00fan el registro de depuraci\u00f3n, la misma solicitud recibi\u00f3 dos SYN-ACK en muy poco tiempo, probablemente porque el cliente retransmite el SYN-ACK por varias razones. Incluso si los paquetes se transmiten con un intervalo de tiempo relevante, el servidor puede procesarlos en diferentes CPU simult\u00e1neamente. La propiedad de \u0027subflow_req-\u0026gt;msk\u0027 se transfiere primero al subflujo, lo que conlleva el riesgo de una desreferencia de puntero nulo. Este parche corrige este problema moviendo \u0027subflow_req-\u0026gt;msk\u0027 bajo la condici\u00f3n `own_req == true`. Tenga en cuenta que la comprobaci\u00f3n !msk en subflow_hmac_valid() puede omitirse, ya que ya existe en la rama own_req de mpj, donde se ha movido el c\u00f3digo.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/mptcp/subflow.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"8cf7fef1bb2ffea7792bcbf71ca00216cecc725d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"b3088bd2a6790c8efff139d86d7a9d0b1305977b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"855bf0aacd51fced11ea9aa0d5101ee0febaeadb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"7f9ae060ed64aef8f174c5f1ea513825b1be9af1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"dc81e41a307df523072186b241fa8244fecd7803\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"efd58a8dd9e7a709a90ee486a4247c923d27296f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"4b2649b9717678aeb097893cc49f59311a1ecab0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9466a1ccebbe54ac57fb8a89c2b4b854826546a8\",\"lessThan\":\"443041deb5ef6a1289a99ed95015ec7442f141dc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/mptcp/subflow.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.9\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.9\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.237\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.181\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.135\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.88\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.24\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.12\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-476\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.9\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.237\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C525983E-E824-4361-B00A-02698124F7C0\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.181\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"12331C9E-F601-4EFC-899E-369F98DCC70B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.135\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5B9ACE29-7445-4B6F-B761-6367C005E275\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.88\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6E5947E5-45E3-462A-829B-382B3B1C61BD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"c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List\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:36:50+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-23145",
"id": "CVE-2025-23145",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: mptcp: fix NULL pointer in can_accept_new_subflow",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-23145.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-03T00:16:20Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-23145",
"id": "CVE-2025-23145",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-02T02:03:53Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "406",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "256",
"product_status:recommended": "664",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-23145",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-23145.json",
"version": "67"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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