GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-11721 (GCVE-0-2025-11721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 12:27 – Updated: 2026-04-13 14:31
VLAI
Title
Memory safety bug fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144
Summary
Memory safety bug present in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143. This bug showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort this could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-18 03:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Mozilla Firefox Unaffected: 144 , ≤ * (rpm)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Mozilla Thunderbird Unaffected: 144 , ≤ * (rpm)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 9.8,
              "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-11721",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-10-18T03:55:48.060426Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-119",
                "description": "CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:47:38.580Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Firefox",
          "vendor": "Mozilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "144",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "Thunderbird",
          "vendor": "Mozilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "144",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Memory safety bug present in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143. This bug showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort this could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Memory safety bug present in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143. This bug showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort this could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:31:27.599Z",
        "orgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
        "shortName": "mozilla"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Memory safety bug fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1986816"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-81/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-84/"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Memory safety bug fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
    "assignerShortName": "mozilla",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-11721",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-14T12:27:37.218Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-10-13T19:50:24.598Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:31:27.599Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-11721",
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "epss": "0.0034",
      "percentile": "0.2691"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-11721\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security@mozilla.org\",\"published\":\"2025-10-14T13:15:38.520\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:31:03.840\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Memory safety bug present in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143. This bug showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort this could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security@mozilla.org\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Mozilla\",\"product\":\"Firefox\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"144\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"rpm\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Mozilla\",\"product\":\"Thunderbird\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"144\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"rpm\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-10-18T03:55:48.060426Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-11721\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"total\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-119\"}]},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-119\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"143.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"144.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4B82B1C7-1B0F-45B7-8234-D85DDEB63886\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"143.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"144.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"08E54DCC-0AA4-47DE-9DF2-C4135B0D433D\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1986816\",\"source\":\"security@mozilla.org\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\",\"Permissions Required\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-81/\",\"source\":\"security@mozilla.org\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-84/\",\"source\":\"security@mozilla.org\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-29T20:28:53+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-11721",
      "id": "CVE-2025-11721",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-14T12:27:37.218000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "23",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "thunderbird: firefox: Memory safety bug fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-11721.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "critical",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-31T00:23:47Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-11721",
      "id": "CVE-2025-11721",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-16T23:38:05Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "106",
      "product_status:recommended": "9",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-11721",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-11721.json",
      "version": "14"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 9.8, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-11721\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-10-18T03:55:48.060426Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-119\", \"description\": \"CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-15T13:20:46.007Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Memory safety bug fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144\", \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Mozilla\", \"product\": \"Firefox\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"144\", \"versionType\": \"rpm\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}]}, {\"vendor\": \"Mozilla\", \"product\": \"Thunderbird\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"144\", \"versionType\": \"rpm\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1986816\", \"name\": \"Memory safety bug fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-81/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-84/\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Memory safety bug present in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143. This bug showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort this could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Memory safety bug present in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143. This bug showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort this could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe\", \"shortName\": \"mozilla\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-13T14:31:27.599Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-11721\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-13T14:31:27.599Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-10-13T19:50:24.598Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-10-14T12:27:37.218Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"mozilla\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}