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CVE-2024-50304 (GCVE-0-2024-50304)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-19 17:19 – Updated: 2026-05-11 20:49
VLAI
Title
ipv4: ip_tunnel: Fix suspicious RCU usage warning in ip_tunnel_find()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv4: ip_tunnel: Fix suspicious RCU usage warning in ip_tunnel_find() The per-netns IP tunnel hash table is protected by the RTNL mutex and ip_tunnel_find() is only called from the control path where the mutex is taken. Add a lockdep expression to hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() in ip_tunnel_find() in order to validate that the mutex is held and to silence the suspicious RCU usage warning [1]. [1] WARNING: suspicious RCU usage 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 Not tainted ----------------------------- net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:221 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!! other info that might help us debug this: rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1 1 lock held by ip/362: #0: ffffffff86fc7cb0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x377/0xf60 stack backtrace: CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 362 Comm: ip Not tainted 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xba/0x110 lockdep_rcu_suspicious.cold+0x4f/0xd6 ip_tunnel_find+0x435/0x4d0 ip_tunnel_newlink+0x517/0x7a0 ipgre_newlink+0x14c/0x170 __rtnl_newlink+0x1173/0x19c0 rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x3cc/0xf60 netlink_rcv_skb+0x171/0x450 netlink_unicast+0x539/0x7f0 netlink_sendmsg+0x8c1/0xd80 ____sys_sendmsg+0x8f9/0xc20 ___sys_sendmsg+0x197/0x1e0 __sys_sendmsg+0x122/0x1f0 do_syscall_64+0xbb/0x1d0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 , < 31bd7378c6fe100a8af0e996ea0b5dafd3579df6 (git)
Affected: c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 , < 6ac5dfa575136da8dd8a9e7c1437c41f3a593993 (git)
Affected: c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 , < ce11424026cbf87d5861b09e5e33565ff7f2ec8d (git)
Affected: c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 , < e0500e4373cd3d5eace1f1712444ab830b82c114 (git)
Affected: c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 , < f20fe2cfe06ca1b008b09da4f2b4e0c5547ccef6 (git)
Affected: c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 , < 90e0569dd3d32f4f4d2ca691d3fa5a8a14a13c12 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.234 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.178 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.128 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.75 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.11.7 , ≤ 6.11.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nipv4: ip_tunnel: Fix suspicious RCU usage warning in ip_tunnel_find()\\n\\nThe per-netns IP tunnel hash table is protected by the RTNL mutex and\\nip_tunnel_find() is only called from the control path where the mutex is\\ntaken.\\n\\nAdd a lockdep expression to hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() in\\nip_tunnel_find() in order to validate that the mutex is held and to\\nsilence the suspicious RCU usage warning [1].\\n\\n[1]\\nWARNING: suspicious RCU usage\\n6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 Not tainted\\n-----------------------------\\nnet/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:221 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!!\\n\\nother info that might help us debug this:\\n\\nrcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1\\n1 lock held by ip/362:\\n #0: ffffffff86fc7cb0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x377/0xf60\\n\\nstack backtrace:\\nCPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 362 Comm: ip Not tainted 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139\\nHardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n dump_stack_lvl+0xba/0x110\\n lockdep_rcu_suspicious.cold+0x4f/0xd6\\n ip_tunnel_find+0x435/0x4d0\\n ip_tunnel_newlink+0x517/0x7a0\\n ipgre_newlink+0x14c/0x170\\n __rtnl_newlink+0x1173/0x19c0\\n rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0\\n rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x3cc/0xf60\\n netlink_rcv_skb+0x171/0x450\\n netlink_unicast+0x539/0x7f0\\n netlink_sendmsg+0x8c1/0xd80\\n ____sys_sendmsg+0x8f9/0xc20\\n ___sys_sendmsg+0x197/0x1e0\\n __sys_sendmsg+0x122/0x1f0\\n do_syscall_64+0xbb/0x1d0\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ipv4: ip_tunnel: Se corrige la advertencia de uso sospechoso de RCU en ip_tunnel_find() La tabla hash del t\\u00fanel IP por netns est\\u00e1 protegida por el mutex RTNL y ip_tunnel_find() solo se llama desde la ruta de control donde se toma el mutex. Agregue una expresi\\u00f3n lockdep a hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() en ip_tunnel_find() para validar que se mantiene el mutex y silenciar la advertencia de uso sospechoso de RCU [1]. [1] ADVERTENCIA: uso sospechoso de RCU 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 No contaminado ----------------------------- net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:221 \\u00a1Lista de RCU recorrida en la secci\\u00f3n que no es de lectura! Otra informaci\\u00f3n que podr\\u00eda ayudarnos a depurar esto: rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1 1 bloqueo retenido por ip/362: #0: ffffffff86fc7cb0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, en: rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x377/0xf60 seguimiento de pila: CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 362 Comm: ip No contaminado 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 Nombre del hardware: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 Seguimiento de llamadas:  dump_stack_lvl+0xba/0x110 lockdep_rcu_suspicious.cold+0x4f/0xd6 ip_tunnel_find+0x435/0x4d0 ip_tunnel_newlink+0x517/0x7a0 ipgre_newlink+0x14c/0x170 __rtnl_newlink+0x1173/0x19c0 rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x3cc/0xf60 netlink_rcv_skb+0x171/0x450 netlink_unicast+0x539/0x7f0 netlink_sendmsg+0x8c1/0xd80 ____sys_sendmsg+0x8f9/0xc20 ___sys_sendmsg+0x197/0x1e0 __sys_sendmsg+0x122/0x1f0 hacer_syscall_64+0xbb/0x1d0 entrada_SYSCALL_64_despu\\u00e9s_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2024-50304",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-27T21:20:08.113",
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      "published": "2024-11-19T18:15:22.343",
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      "cve": "CVE-2024-50304",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2024-50304",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-11-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "5",
      "product_status:known_affected": "5",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "ipv4: ip_tunnel: Fix suspicious RCU usage warning in ip_tunnel_find()",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2024/msrc_cve-2024-50304.json",
      "version": "2"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2024-50304\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2024-11-19T18:15:22.343\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:04:10.827\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nipv4: ip_tunnel: Fix suspicious RCU usage warning in ip_tunnel_find()\\n\\nThe per-netns IP tunnel hash table is protected by the RTNL mutex and\\nip_tunnel_find() is only called from the control path where the mutex is\\ntaken.\\n\\nAdd a lockdep expression to hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() in\\nip_tunnel_find() in order to validate that the mutex is held and to\\nsilence the suspicious RCU usage warning [1].\\n\\n[1]\\nWARNING: suspicious RCU usage\\n6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 Not tainted\\n-----------------------------\\nnet/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:221 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!!\\n\\nother info that might help us debug this:\\n\\nrcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1\\n1 lock held by ip/362:\\n #0: ffffffff86fc7cb0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x377/0xf60\\n\\nstack backtrace:\\nCPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 362 Comm: ip Not tainted 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139\\nHardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n dump_stack_lvl+0xba/0x110\\n lockdep_rcu_suspicious.cold+0x4f/0xd6\\n ip_tunnel_find+0x435/0x4d0\\n ip_tunnel_newlink+0x517/0x7a0\\n ipgre_newlink+0x14c/0x170\\n __rtnl_newlink+0x1173/0x19c0\\n rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0\\n rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x3cc/0xf60\\n netlink_rcv_skb+0x171/0x450\\n netlink_unicast+0x539/0x7f0\\n netlink_sendmsg+0x8c1/0xd80\\n ____sys_sendmsg+0x8f9/0xc20\\n ___sys_sendmsg+0x197/0x1e0\\n __sys_sendmsg+0x122/0x1f0\\n do_syscall_64+0xbb/0x1d0\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ipv4: ip_tunnel: Se corrige la advertencia de uso sospechoso de RCU en ip_tunnel_find() La tabla hash del t\u00fanel IP por netns est\u00e1 protegida por el mutex RTNL y ip_tunnel_find() solo se llama desde la ruta de control donde se toma el mutex. Agregue una expresi\u00f3n lockdep a hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() en ip_tunnel_find() para validar que se mantiene el mutex y silenciar la advertencia de uso sospechoso de RCU [1]. [1] ADVERTENCIA: uso sospechoso de RCU 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 No contaminado ----------------------------- net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:221 \u00a1Lista de RCU recorrida en la secci\u00f3n que no es de lectura! Otra informaci\u00f3n que podr\u00eda ayudarnos a depurar esto: rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1 1 bloqueo retenido por ip/362: #0: ffffffff86fc7cb0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, en: rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x377/0xf60 seguimiento de pila: CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 362 Comm: ip No contaminado 6.12.0-rc3-custom-gd95d9a31aceb #139 Nombre del hardware: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 Seguimiento de llamadas:  dump_stack_lvl+0xba/0x110 lockdep_rcu_suspicious.cold+0x4f/0xd6 ip_tunnel_find+0x435/0x4d0 ip_tunnel_newlink+0x517/0x7a0 ipgre_newlink+0x14c/0x170 __rtnl_newlink+0x1173/0x19c0 rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x3cc/0xf60 netlink_rcv_skb+0x171/0x450 netlink_unicast+0x539/0x7f0 netlink_sendmsg+0x8c1/0xd80 ____sys_sendmsg+0x8f9/0xc20 ___sys_sendmsg+0x197/0x1e0 __sys_sendmsg+0x122/0x1f0 hacer_syscall_64+0xbb/0x1d0 entrada_SYSCALL_64_despu\u00e9s_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5\",\"lessThan\":\"31bd7378c6fe100a8af0e996ea0b5dafd3579df6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5\",\"lessThan\":\"6ac5dfa575136da8dd8a9e7c1437c41f3a593993\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5\",\"lessThan\":\"ce11424026cbf87d5861b09e5e33565ff7f2ec8d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5\",\"lessThan\":\"e0500e4373cd3d5eace1f1712444ab830b82c114\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5\",\"lessThan\":\"f20fe2cfe06ca1b008b09da4f2b4e0c5547ccef6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5\",\"lessThan\":\"90e0569dd3d32f4f4d2ca691d3fa5a8a14a13c12\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.10\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.234\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.178\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.128\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.75\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.11.7\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.11.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"3.10.12\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.11.7\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"71D5AD44-225A-4EFC-B47D-2C5EFE16D98B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7F361E1D-580F-4A2D-A509-7615F73167A1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"925478D0-3E3D-4E6F-ACD5-09F28D5DF82C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"3C95E234-D335-4B6C-96BF-E2CEBD8654ED\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E0F717D8-3014-4F84-8086-0124B2111379\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"24DBE6C7-2AAE-4818-AED2-E131F153D2FA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"24B88717-53F5-42AA-9B72-14C707639E3F\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31bd7378c6fe100a8af0e996ea0b5dafd3579df6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ac5dfa575136da8dd8a9e7c1437c41f3a593993\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90e0569dd3d32f4f4d2ca691d3fa5a8a14a13c12\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce11424026cbf87d5861b09e5e33565ff7f2ec8d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0500e4373cd3d5eace1f1712444ab830b82c114\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f20fe2cfe06ca1b008b09da4f2b4e0c5547ccef6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-28T08:09:25+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-50304",
      "id": "CVE-2024-50304",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-11-19T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "305",
      "product_status:known_affected": "98",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ipv4: ip_tunnel: Fix suspicious RCU usage warning in ip_tunnel_find()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-50304.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-11T02:09:45Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-50304",
      "id": "CVE-2024-50304",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-11-20T03:49:38Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "791",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "38",
      "product_status:recommended": "363",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2024-50304",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2024-50304.json",
      "version": "66"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.