CVE-2023-28771 (GCVE-0-2023-28771)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:05
VLAI? CISA KEV CIRCL
Summary
Improper error message handling in Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, and ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute some OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device.
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware Affected: 4.60 through 4.73
Create a notification for this product.
CISA KEV
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: b5ab8151-f2a7-43d0-a530-fb60cf334e1a

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2023-28771

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2023-05-31 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-05-31
Asserted: 2023-05-31
Scope
Notes: KEV entry: Zyxel Multiple Firewalls OS Command Injection Vulnerability | Affected: Zyxel / Multiple Firewalls | Description: Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, VPN, and ZyWALL/USG firewalls allow for improper error message handling which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device. | Required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions. | Due date: 2023-06-21 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-remote-command-injection-vulnerability-of-firewalls; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28771
Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details
Cwes CWE-78
Feed CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product Multiple Firewalls
Due Date 2023-06-21
Date Added 2023-05-31
Vendorproject Zyxel
Vulnerabilityname Zyxel Multiple Firewalls OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse Unknown
References
Created: 2026-02-02 12:26 UTC | Updated: 2026-02-06 07:17 UTC
CIRCL
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 654a76ab-65b5-485b-a116-b3d71a795054

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2023-28771

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-02-03 09:42 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Alternative IDs:
GCVE-0-2023-28771

Characteristics
Remote Code Execution: Yes
Authentication Required: No
Local Access Required: Remote
Severity: 100.0
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-01-01
Last Seen: 2026-01-28
Scope
Notes: # ip | as_num | as_name | as_country | ptr | last_timestamp # -------------+--------+-----------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+------------------ 69.69.70.70 | 209 | CENTURYLINK-US-LEGACY-QWEST | US | nj-69-69-70-70.dyn.embarqhsd.net | 2026-01-28 17:45:08 70.71.69.69 | 6327 | SHAW | CA | S0106889e68483a90.vs.shawcable.net | 2026-01-28 17:45:09 98.45.67.89 | 7922 | COMCAST-7922 | US | c-98-45-67-89.hsd1.ca.comcast.net | 2026-01-28 17:45:07 95.135.54.10 | 209630 | KREDIT-AS | UA | | 2026-01-28 17:24:43
Evidence

Type: Sinkhole

Signal: In The Wild Attempts

Confidence: 100%

Source: cti-feed.circl.lu

Created: 2026-02-03 09:45 UTC | Updated: 2026-02-06 07:17 UTC
Show details on NVD website
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      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Improper error message handling in Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, and ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute some OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device.\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2023-28771",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T07:55:58.663",
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      "published": "2023-04-25T02:15:08.743",
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      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-remote-command-injection-vulnerability-of-firewalls\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172820/Zyxel-IKE-Packet-Decoder-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-02T13:51:38.311Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-28771\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"active\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2023-11-18T05:00:32.985076Z\"}}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"kev\", \"content\": {\"dateAdded\": \"2023-05-31\", \"reference\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28771\"}}}], \"timeline\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2023-05-31T00:00:00+00:00\", \"value\": \"CVE-2023-28771 added to CISA KEV\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28771\", \"tags\": [\"government-resource\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-02-03T16:31:23.634Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 9.8, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Zyxel\", \"product\": \"ZyWALL/USG series firmware\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.60 through 4.73\"}]}, {\"vendor\": \"Zyxel\", \"product\": \"VPN series firmware\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.60 through 5.35\"}]}, {\"vendor\": \"Zyxel\", \"product\": \"USG FLEX series firmware\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.60 through 5.35\"}]}, {\"vendor\": \"Zyxel\", \"product\": \"ATP series firmware\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.60 through 5.35\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-remote-command-injection-vulnerability-of-firewalls\"}, {\"url\": \"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172820/Zyxel-IKE-Packet-Decoder-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Improper error message handling in Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, and ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute some OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-78\", \"description\": \"CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"96e50032-ad0d-4058-a115-4d2c13821f9f\", \"shortName\": \"Zyxel\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2023-06-09T00:00:00.000Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-28771\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-03-23T00:00:00.000Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"96e50032-ad0d-4058-a115-4d2c13821f9f\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-04-25T00:00:00.000Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Zyxel\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


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Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.