CVE-2019-19074
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-11-18 05:24
Modified
2024-08-05 02:09
Severity ?
Summary
A memory leak in the ath9k_wmi_cmd() function in drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/wmi.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption), aka CID-728c1e2a05e4.
References
cve@mitre.orghttp://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2Patch, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/
cve@mitre.orghttps://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.htmlThird Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2Patch, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.htmlThird Party Advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Show details on NVD website


{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T02:09:38.719Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2019-021c968423",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2019-34a75d7e61",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/"
          },
          {
            "name": "openSUSE-SU-2019:2675",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_SUSE",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "USN-4527-1",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_UBUNTU",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/"
          },
          {
            "name": "USN-4526-1",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_UBUNTU",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20201030 [SECURITY] [DLA 2420-1] linux security update",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20201031 [SECURITY] [DLA 2420-2] linux regression update",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.html"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A memory leak in the ath9k_wmi_cmd() function in drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/wmi.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption), aka CID-728c1e2a05e4."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2021-06-14T17:20:11",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2019-021c968423",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2019-34a75d7e61",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/"
        },
        {
          "name": "openSUSE-SU-2019:2675",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_SUSE"
          ],
          "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "USN-4527-1",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_UBUNTU"
          ],
          "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/"
        },
        {
          "name": "USN-4526-1",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_UBUNTU"
          ],
          "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20201030 [SECURITY] [DLA 2420-1] linux security update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20201031 [SECURITY] [DLA 2420-2] linux regression update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.html"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2019-19074",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "A memory leak in the ath9k_wmi_cmd() function in drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/wmi.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption), aka CID-728c1e2a05e4."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2019-021c968423",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2019-34a75d7e61",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/"
            },
            {
              "name": "openSUSE-SU-2019:2675",
              "refsource": "SUSE",
              "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "USN-4527-1",
              "refsource": "UBUNTU",
              "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/"
            },
            {
              "name": "USN-4526-1",
              "refsource": "UBUNTU",
              "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/"
            },
            {
              "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20201030 [SECURITY] [DLA 2420-1] linux security update",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20201031 [SECURITY] [DLA 2420-2] linux regression update",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2019-19074",
    "datePublished": "2019-11-18T05:24:21",
    "dateReserved": "2019-11-18T00:00:00",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T02:09:38.719Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2019-19074\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2019-11-18T06:15:13.280\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T04:34:08.457\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"A memory leak in the ath9k_wmi_cmd() function in drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/wmi.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption), aka CID-728c1e2a05e4.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Una p\u00e9rdida de memoria en la funci\u00f3n ath9k_wmi_cmd() en el archivo drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/wmi.c en el kernel de Linux versiones hasta la versi\u00f3n 5.3.11, permite a atacantes causar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (consumo de memoria), tambi\u00e9n se conoce como CID-728c1e2a05e4.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"accessVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"accessComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitabilityScore\":10.0,\"impactScore\":6.9,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-401\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.4.233\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B33AC4B6-10F8-4FE6-87EE-5FC29CD2523F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.9.233\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8C8067B5-99FF-47C1-81C2-C33AEADBADE9\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.10\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.14.192\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"712E1CC6-B087-4811-8513-30A6E6DFAEBB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.15\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.19.137\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"924A83F4-1C2A-4B17-8E73-A155635FC9EA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.20\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"3C81B8E4-6B6E-4B60-8C86-17CEFE36F072\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DEECE5FC-CACF-4496-A3E7-164736409252\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"815D70A8-47D3-459C-A32C-9FEACA0659D1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7A5301BF-1402-4BE0-A0F8-69FBE79BC6D6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:18.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"23A7C53F-B80F-4E6A-AFA9-58EEA84BE11D\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00029.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/728c1e2a05e4b5fc52fab3421dce772a806612a2\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00032.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00034.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O3PSDE6PTOTVBK2YTKB2TFQP2SUBVSNF/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PY7LJMSPAGRIKABJPDKQDTXYW3L5RX2T/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191205-0001/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4526-1/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4527-1/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}"
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.