CWE-93

Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')

The product uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.

CVE-2023-49082 (GCVE-0-2023-49082)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-11-29 20:07
Modified
2025-11-04 18:19
Severity ?
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Summary
aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Improper validation makes it possible for an attacker to modify the HTTP request (e.g. insert a new header) or even create a new HTTP request if the attacker controls the HTTP method. The vulnerability occurs only if the attacker can control the HTTP method (GET, POST etc.) of the request. If the attacker can control the HTTP version of the request it will be able to modify the request (request smuggling). This issue has been patched in version 3.9.0.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aio-libs aiohttp Version: < 3.9.0
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CVE-2024-7472 (GCVE-0-2024-7472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-10-29 12:49
Modified
2025-10-15 12:49
Severity ?
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
Summary
lunary-ai/lunary v1.2.26 contains an email injection vulnerability in the Send email verification API (/v1/users/send-verification) and Sign up API (/auth/signup). An unauthenticated attacker can inject data into outgoing emails by bypassing the extractFirstName function using a different whitespace character (e.g., \xa0). This vulnerability can be exploited to conduct phishing attacks, damage the application's brand, cause legal and compliance issues, and result in financial impact due to unauthorized email usage.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lunary-ai lunary-ai/lunary Version: unspecified   < 1.4.10
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CVE-2025-0293 (GCVE-0-2025-0293)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-08 15:33
Modified
2025-07-08 16:02
Severity ?
6.6 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Summary
CLRF injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.8 and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.5 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin rights to write to a protected configuration file on disk.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ivanti Connect Secure Patch: 22.7R2.8
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CVE-2025-25184 (GCVE-0-2025-25184)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-02-12 16:20
Modified
2025-11-03 21:12
Severity ?
5.7 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Summary
Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rack rack Version: < 2.2.11
Version: >= 3.0, < 3.0.12
Version: >= 3.1, < 3.1.10
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CVE-2025-27111 (GCVE-0-2025-27111)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-03-04 15:26
Modified
2025-11-03 21:13
Severity ?
6.9 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Summary
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitised header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.12, 3.0.13, and 3.1.11.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rack rack Version: < 2.2.12
Version: >= 3.0, < 3.0.13
Version: >= 3.1, < 3.1.11
 Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2025-41376 (GCVE-0-2025-41376)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-01 12:29
Modified
2025-09-11 08:56
Severity ?
5.1 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
CWE
Summary
CRLF Injection vulnerability in Limesurvey v2.65.1+170522.  This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and perform HTTP response splitting attacks via '/index.php/survey/index/sid/<SID>/token/fwyfw%0d%0aCookie:%20POC'.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LimeSurvey LimeSurvey Version: 3.0
 Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2025-57804 (GCVE-0-2025-57804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-25 21:04
Modified
2025-11-03 18:13
Severity ?
6.9 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Summary
h2 is a pure-Python implementation of a HTTP/2 protocol stack. Prior to version 4.3.0, an HTTP/2 request splitting vulnerability allows attackers to perform request smuggling attacks by injecting CRLF characters into headers. This occurs when servers downgrade HTTP/2 requests to HTTP/1.1 without properly validating header names/values, enabling attackers to manipulate request boundaries and bypass security controls. This issue has been patched in version 4.3.0.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-hyper h2 Version: < 4.3.0
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CVE-2025-59151 (GCVE-0-2025-59151)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-10-27 19:42
Modified
2025-10-27 20:24
Severity ?
8.2 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Summary
Pi-hole Admin Interface is a web interface for managing Pi-hole, a network-level advertisement and internet tracker blocking application. Pi-hole Admin Interface before 6.3 is vulnerable to Carriage Return Line Feed (CRLF) injection. When a request is made to a file ending with the .lp extension, the application performs a redirect without properly sanitizing the input. An attacker can inject carriage return and line feed characters (%0d%0a) to manipulate both the headers and the content of the HTTP response. This enables the injection of arbitrary HTTP response headers, potentially leading to session fixation, cache poisoning, and the weakening or bypassing of browser-based security mechanisms such as Content Security Policy or X-XSS-Protection. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.3.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pi-hole web Version: < 6.3
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CVE-2025-59419 (GCVE-0-2025-59419)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-10-15 15:42
Modified
2025-10-17 19:44
Severity ?
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Summary
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netty netty Version: < 4.2.7.Final
Version: >= 4.2.0.Alpha1, < 4.1.128.Final
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-6175 (GCVE-0-2025-6175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-29 12:22
Modified
2025-07-29 13:26
Severity ?
7.2 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Summary
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in DECE Software Geodi allows HTTP Request Splitting.This issue affects Geodi: before GEODI Setup 9.0.146.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DECE Software Geodi Version: 0   < GEODI Setup 9.0.146
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Avoid using CRLF as a special sequence.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Appropriately filter or quote CRLF sequences in user-controlled input.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

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