CWE-367
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
CVE-2026-33624 (GCVE-0-2026-33624)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 18:28 – Updated: 2026-03-25 14:28
VLAI
Title
Parse Server: MFA recovery code single-use bypass via concurrent requests
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.60 and 9.6.0-alpha.54, an attacker who obtains a user's password and a single MFA recovery code can reuse that recovery code an unlimited number of times by sending concurrent login requests. This defeats the single-use design of recovery codes. The attack requires the user's password, a valid recovery code, and the ability to send concurrent requests within milliseconds. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.60 and 9.6.0-alpha.54.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/s… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parse-community | parse-server |
Affected:
< 8.6.60
Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.6.0-alpha.54 |
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CVE-2026-33659 (GCVE-0-2026-33659)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 20:32 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:52
VLAI
Title
EspoCRM: SSRF via DNS Rebinding in Attachment fromImageUrl Endpoint Allows Internal Network Access
Summary
EspoCRM is an open source customer relationship management application. In versions 9.3.3 and below, the POST /api/v1/Attachment/fromImageUrl endpoint is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via a DNS rebinding (TOCTOU) condition. Host validation uses dns_get_record() but the actual HTTP request resolves hostnames through curl's internal resolver (gethostbyname()), allowing the two lookups to return different IP addresses for the same hostname. A secondary issue exists where an empty DNS result (due to DNS failure, IPv6-only domains, or non-existent hostnames) causes the validation to implicitly allow the host without further checks. An authenticated attacker with default attachment creation access can exploit this gap to bypass internal IP restrictions and scan internal network ports, confirm the existence of internal hosts, and interact with internal HTTP-based services, though data extraction from binary protocol services and remote code execution are not possible through this endpoint. This issue has been fixed in version 9.3.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/espocrm/espocrm/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/espocrm/espocrm/commit/dca03cc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/espocrm/espocrm/releases/tag/9.3.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-34224 (GCVE-0-2026-34224)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 14:25 – Updated: 2026-04-02 15:16
VLAI
Title
Parse Server: MFA single-use token bypass via concurrent authData login requests
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.64 and 9.7.0-alpha.8, an attacker who possesses a valid authentication provider token and a single MFA recovery code or SMS one-time password can create multiple authenticated sessions by sending concurrent login requests via the authData login endpoint. This defeats the single-use guarantee of MFA recovery codes and SMS one-time passwords, allowing session persistence even after the legitimate user revokes detected sessions. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.64 and 9.7.0-alpha.8.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/s… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parse-community | parse-server |
Affected:
< 8.6.64
Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.7.0-alpha.8 |
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CVE-2026-3428 (GCVE-0-2026-3428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-16 02:02 – Updated: 2026-04-16 12:31
VLAI
Summary
A Download of Code Without Integrity Check vulnerability in the update modules in ASUS Member Center(华硕大厅) allows a local user to achieve privilege escalation to Administrator via exploitation of a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOC-TOU) during the update process, where an unexpected payload is substituted for a legitimate one immediately after download, and subsequently executed with administrative privileges upon user consent.
Refer to the 'Security Update for ASUS Member Center' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.asus.com/security-advisory/ | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASUS | Member Center(华硕大厅) |
Affected:
1.6.6.4 and earlier
|
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CVE-2026-34354 (GCVE-0-2026-34354)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-08 15:59
VLAI
Summary
Akamai Guardicore Platform Agent (GPA) and Zero Trust Client on Linux and macOS allow TOCTOU-based local privilege escalation. The GPA service creates an IPC socket in the world-writable /tmp directory. It accepts unauthenticated IPC control messages. This enables a TOCTOU vulnerability in the HandleSaveLogs() function of the GPA service, by creating a log file and manipulating it into a symlink that points to the targeted path; this can allow an unprivileged local user to make arbitrary root-owned files world-writable. In addition, a diagnostic collection tool (gimmelogs) running with root privileges was vulnerable to command injection from the dbstore, offering a second privilege escalation vector. (On Windows, gimmelogs does not have command injection but does allow writing a ZIP archive to an unintended location.) This affects Akamai Guardicore Platform Agent 7.0 through 7.3.1 and Akamai Zero Trust Client 6.0 through 6.1.5.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akamai | Guardicore Platform Agent |
Affected:
7.0 , ≤ 7.3.1
(custom)
|
|
| Akamai | Zero Trust Client |
Affected:
6.0 , ≤ 6.1.5
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-34452 (GCVE-0-2026-34452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-03 16:08
VLAI
Title
Claude SDK for Python: Memory Tool Path Validation Race Condition Allows Sandbox Escape
Summary
The Claude SDK for Python provides access to the Claude API from Python applications. From version 0.86.0 to before version 0.87.0, the async local filesystem memory tool in the Anthropic Python SDK validated that model-supplied paths resolved inside the sandboxed memory directory, but then returned the unresolved path for subsequent file operations. A local attacker able to write to the memory directory could retarget a symlink between validation and use, causing reads or writes to escape the sandbox. The synchronous memory tool implementation was not affected. This issue has been patched in version 0.87.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-pytho… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-pytho… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-pytho… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| anthropics | anthropic-sdk-python |
Affected:
>= 0.86.0, < 0.87.0
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CVE-2026-34596 (GCVE-0-2026-34596)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 19:34 – Updated: 2026-05-07 03:55
VLAI
Title
Sandboxie-Plus local privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in UpdUtil addon installation
Summary
Sandboxie-Plus is an open source sandbox-based isolation software for Windows. In versions 1.17.2 and earlier, a Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists during addon installation. When a user installs an addon through the SandMan interface, UpdUtil.exe is spawned as SYSTEM by SbieSvc but stages files in the user-writable %TEMP%\sandboxie-updater directory. After UpdUtil verifies file hashes against the signed addon manifest, install.bat extracts files.cab and executes config.exe from its contents. Between hash verification and extraction, an unprivileged user can replace files.cab with a crafted cabinet containing a malicious executable, which is then run as SYSTEM. No UAC prompt is required.
This issue has been fixed in version 1.17.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sandboxie-plus/Sandboxie/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sandboxie-plus | Sandboxie |
Affected:
< 1.17.3
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CVE-2026-35202 (GCVE-0-2026-35202)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 19:03 – Updated: 2026-06-03 12:47
VLAI
Title
Pterodactyl has a database resource limit bypass via race condition in Client API
Summary
Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to version 1.12.3, the Pterodactyl Client API has a logic flaw that lets users bypass their assigned limits for database allocations. This happens because the database locking mechanism used in the controllers is totally broken and doesn't actually lock anything. Version 1.12.3 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pterodactyl | panel |
Affected:
< 1.12.3
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CVE-2026-35345 (GCVE-0-2026-35345)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 16:07 – Updated: 2026-04-22 18:13
VLAI
Title
uutils coreutils tail Privileged Information Disclosure via Symlink Replacement Race
Summary
A vulnerability in the tail utility of uutils coreutils allows for the exfiltration of sensitive file contents when using the --follow=name option. Unlike GNU tail, the uutils implementation continues to monitor a path after it has been replaced by a symbolic link, subsequently outputting the contents of the link's target. In environments where a privileged user (e.g., root) monitors a log directory, a local attacker with write access to that directory can replace a log file with a symlink to a sensitive system file (such as /etc/shadow), causing tail to disclose the contents of the sensitive file.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/issues/10328 | issue-tracking |
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CVE-2026-35352 (GCVE-0-2026-35352)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 16:08 – Updated: 2026-05-04 17:32
VLAI
Title
uutils coreutils mkfifo Privilege Escalation via TOCTOU Race Condition
Summary
A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists in the mkfifo utility of uutils coreutils. The utility creates a FIFO and then performs a path-based chmod to set permissions. A local attacker with write access to the parent directory can swap the newly created FIFO for a symbolic link between these two operations. This redirects the chmod call to an arbitrary file, potentially enabling privilege escalation if the utility is run with elevated privileges.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, Architecture and Design
Description:
- If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.