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CWE-288
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
CVE-2026-4320 (GCVE-0-2026-4320)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-18 10:07 – Updated: 2026-05-18 11:09
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass in ICMS Content Management by Creartia Internet Consulting
Summary
Authorization Bypass vulnerability in Creartia's ICMS software could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to protected features by manipulating the HTTP redirect headers of the login process, causing the script to continue running and enabling privilege escalation without the need for credentials.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/avis… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Creartia Internet Consulting | ICMS Content Management |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-05-18 08:02
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CVE-2026-44574 (GCVE-0-2026-44574)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 16:56 – Updated: 2026-05-14 10:30
VLAI
Title
Next.js: Middleware / Proxy bypass through dynamic route parameter injection
Summary
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 15.4.0 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, applications that rely on middleware to protect dynamic routes can be vulnerable to authorization bypass. In affected deployments, specially crafted query parameters can alter the dynamic route value seen by the page while leaving the visible path unchanged, which can allow protected content to be rendered without passing the expected middleware check. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-44575 (GCVE-0-2026-44575)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 16:54 – Updated: 2026-05-13 17:50
VLAI
Title
Next.js: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes
Summary
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 15.2.0 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, App Router applications that rely on middleware or proxy-based checks for authorization can allow unauthorized access through transport-specific route variants used for segment prefetching. In affected configurations, specially crafted .rsc and segment-prefetch URLs can resolve to the same page without being matched by the intended middleware rule, which can allow protected content to be reached without the expected authorization check. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-45109 (GCVE-0-2026-45109)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 17:11 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:39
VLAI
Title
Next.js: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes
Summary
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 15.2.0 to before 15.5.18 and 16.2.6, it was found that the fix addressing CVE-2026-44575 did not apply to middleware.ts with Turbopack. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.18 and 16.2.6.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-45217 (GCVE-0-2026-45217)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-25 22:29 – Updated: 2026-05-26 10:50 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WordPress Stripe Payment Gateway for WooCommerce plugin <= 5.0.7 - Broken Authentication vulnerability
Summary
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in ThemeHigh Stripe Payment Gateway for WooCommerce allows Password Recovery Exploitation.
This issue affects Stripe Payment Gateway for WooCommerce: from n/a through 5.0.7.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ThemeHigh | Stripe Payment Gateway for WooCommerce |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 5.0.7
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-4524 (GCVE-0-2026-4524)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 05:34 – Updated: 2026-05-14 13:23
VLAI
Title
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.9.1 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user to access confidential issue content in public projects without proper authorization due to improper authorization checks.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items… | |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3597717 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/05/13/patc… |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-45577 (GCVE-0-2026-45577)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 16:53 – Updated: 2026-05-29 19:28
VLAI
Title
Neotoma: Unauthenticated Inspector/API access via reverse-proxy loopback auth bypass
Summary
Neotoma provides versioned records that persist across agent runs. From 0.6.0 to before 0.11.1, Neotoma can treat public reverse-proxied requests as local when the app receives them over a loopback socket and no Bearer token is present. In affected deployments, the REST auth middleware can resolve unauthenticated requests as the local development user, making the hosted Inspector and related API surface reachable without credentials. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.11.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/markmhendrickson/neotoma/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/markmhendrickson/neotoma/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| markmhendrickson | neotoma |
Affected:
>= 0.6.0, < 0.11.1
|
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CVE-2026-47200 (GCVE-0-2026-47200)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 12:58 – Updated: 2026-06-13 02:56
VLAI
Title
Nuxt: Route middleware not enforced when rendering `.server.vue` pages via `/__nuxt_island/page_*`
Summary
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. In Nuxt versions 3.11.0 to before 3.21.6 and 4.0.0-alpha.1 to before 4.4.6 and @nuxt/nitro-server versions 3.20.0 to before 3.21.6 and 4.0.0-alpha.1 to before 4.4.6, when experimental.componentIslands is enabled (default in Nuxt 4), any .server.vue file under pages/ is automatically registered as a server island under the key page_<routeName> and exposed via the /__nuxt_island/:name endpoint. Until this fix, requests through that endpoint rendered the page component directly via the SSR renderer without instantiating Vue Router, which meant route middleware declared on the page (including definePageMeta({ middleware })) did not run. This issue has been patched in versions 3.21.6 and 4.4.6.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35092 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-48020 (GCVE-0-2026-48020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:10 – Updated: 2026-06-23 19:10
VLAI
Title
Traefik StripPrefix Route-Level Auth Bypass via Path Normalization
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 2.11.48, 3.6.19, and 3.7.3, there is a high severity vulnerability in Traefik's StripPrefix middleware that allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass route-level authentication and authorization. When a public router matches on a PathPrefix rule and applies the StripPrefix middleware, a request path containing .. or its percent-encoded form %2e%2e can match the public route at routing time and then, after the prefix is stripped and the path is normalized, resolve to a path served by a separate, authenticated router. As a result, an attacker can reach protected backend paths — such as admin or internal configuration endpoints — without satisfying the authentication middleware attached to the protected router. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.48, 3.6.19, and 3.7.3.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.19 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v2.11.48"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.19",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.19"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.3",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.3"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xf64-8mw2-4gr2",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Traefik StripPrefix Route-Level Auth Bypass via Path Normalization"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-48020",
"datePublished": "2026-06-23T19:10:31.557Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-20T17:44:09.587Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T19:10:31.557Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-48491 (GCVE-0-2026-48491)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:12 – Updated: 2026-06-23 19:12
VLAI
Title
Traefik: SNICheck ignores wildcard TLSOptions mappings, allowing domain-fronted mTLS bypass
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From 3.7.0 until 3.7.3, there is a high severity vulnerability in Traefik's domain-fronting protection (SNICheck) that allows an unauthenticated client to bypass mutual TLS enforced through wildcard router TLSOptions. When a router uses a wildcard host rule such as Host(*.example.com) with stricter TLS options (for example RequireAndVerifyClientCert), SNICheck resolves the TLS options for the HTTP Host header using exact map lookups only and never applies wildcard matching. If another permissive SNI is served on the same entrypoint, an attacker can complete the TLS handshake under the permissive options and then send an HTTP Host header targeting the wildcard-protected backend, reaching it without presenting a client certificate. This affects the regular HTTPS / HTTP-2 path and does not require HTTP/3. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.7.3.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "traefik",
"vendor": "traefik",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 3.7.0, \u003c 3.7.3"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From 3.7.0 until 3.7.3, there is a high severity vulnerability in Traefik\u0027s domain-fronting protection (SNICheck) that allows an unauthenticated client to bypass mutual TLS enforced through wildcard router TLSOptions. When a router uses a wildcard host rule such as Host(*.example.com) with stricter TLS options (for example RequireAndVerifyClientCert), SNICheck resolves the TLS options for the HTTP Host header using exact map lookups only and never applies wildcard matching. If another permissive SNI is served on the same entrypoint, an attacker can complete the TLS handshake under the permissive options and then send an HTTP Host header targeting the wildcard-protected backend, reaching it without presenting a client certificate. This affects the regular HTTPS / HTTP-2 path and does not require HTTP/3. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.7.3."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-288",
"description": "CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T19:12:10.819Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advisories/GHSA-5r4w-85f3-pw66",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advisories/GHSA-5r4w-85f3-pw66"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.3",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.3"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-5r4w-85f3-pw66",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Traefik: SNICheck ignores wildcard TLSOptions mappings, allowing domain-fronted mTLS bypass"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-48491",
"datePublished": "2026-06-23T19:12:10.819Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-21T15:33:08.291Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T19:12:10.819Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Funnel all access through a single choke point to simplify how users can access a resource. For every access, perform a check to determine if the user has permissions to access the resource.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.