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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2026-44225 (GCVE-0-2026-44225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 20:02 – Updated: 2026-05-14 12:31
VLAI
Title
Pulpy: Incomplete filesystem sandbox in pulpy.fs bridge allows packaged web apps to read arbitrary user files
Summary
Pulpy is a lightweight, cross-platform desktop application packager for web apps. Prior to 0.1.1, Pulpy injects a pulpy.fs JavaScript API into every packaged web application, giving it access to the host filesystem. A validateFsPath() function is supposed to sandbox this access, but its blocklist is incomplete. Any web app packaged with Pulpy can read and write arbitrary files in the user's home directory — including ~/.ssh/id_rsa, ~/.aws/credentials, and ~/Library/Keychains/. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.1.1.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/enesgkky/Pulpy/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-44243 (GCVE-0-2026-44243)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 18:22 – Updated: 2026-05-07 19:12
VLAI
Title
GitPython: Path traversal in GitPython reference APIs allows arbitrary file write and delete outside the repository
Summary
GitPython is a python library used to interact with Git repositories. Prior to version 3.1.48, a vulnerability in GitPython allows attackers who can supply a crafted reference path to an application using GitPython to write, overwrite, move, or delete files outside the repository’s .git directory via insufficient validation of reference paths in reference creation, rename, and delete operations. This issue has been patched in version 3.1.48.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gitpython-developers | GitPython |
Affected:
< 3.1.48
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CVE-2026-44298 (GCVE-0-2026-44298)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:32 – Updated: 2026-05-08 14:06
VLAI
Title
Kimai: Arbitrary file read in invoice PDF renderer (admin)
Summary
Kimai is an open-source time tracking application. From version 2.32.0 to before version 2.56.0, users with the role System-Admin (ROLE_SYSTE_ADMIN) and the permission upload_invoice_template can upload PDF invoice templates, which can call pdfContext.setOption('associated_files', ...) inside the sandboxed Twig render. This is forwarded to mPDF's SetAssociatedFiles(), whose writer calls file_get_contents($entry['path']) during PDF output and embeds the bytes as a FlateDecode stream in the PDF. Any file readable by the PHP worker is returned to the attacker inside the rendered invoice. This issue has been patched in version 2.56.0.
Severity
4.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/releases/tag/2.56.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44301 (GCVE-0-2026-44301)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 21:37 – Updated: 2026-05-13 12:13
VLAI
Title
Hugo: Node tool execution allows file system access outside the project directory
Summary
Hugo is a static site generator. From 0.43 to before 0.161.0, when building a Hugo site that uses Node-based asset pipelines (PostCSS, Babel, TailwindCSS), Hugo invoked the configured Node tools without restrictions on file system access. As a result, executing hugo against an untrusted site could allow code running through these tools to read or write files outside the project's working directory. Users who do not use PostCSS, Babel, or TailwindCSS, or who only build trusted sites, are not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.161.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-44307 (GCVE-0-2026-44307)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 21:53 – Updated: 2026-05-13 15:00
VLAI
Title
Mako: Path traversal via backslash URI on Windows in TemplateLookup
Summary
Mako is a template library written in Python. Prior to 1.3.12, on Windows, a URI using backslash traversal (e.g. \..\..\ secret.txt) bypasses the directory traversal check in Template.__init__ and the posixpath-based normalization in TemplateLookup.get_template(), allowing reads of files outside the configured template directory. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.3.12.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako/issues/435 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako/commit/72e10c5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako/releases/tag/r… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sqlalchemy | mako |
Affected:
< 1.3.12
|
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CVE-2026-44336 (GCVE-0-2026-44336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:32 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:33
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI MCP `tools/call` path-traversal and RCE via Python `.pth` injection
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.34, PraisonAI's MCP (Model Context Protocol) server (praisonai mcp serve) registers four file-handling tools by default — praisonai.rules.create, praisonai.rules.show, praisonai.rules.delete, and praisonai.workflow.show. Each accepts a path or filename string from MCP tools/call arguments and joins it onto ~/.praison/rules/ (or, for workflow.show, accepts an absolute path) with no containment check. The JSON-RPC dispatcher passes params["arguments"] blind to each handler via **kwargs without validating against the advertised input schema. By setting rule_name="../../<some-path>" an attacker walks out of the rules directory and writes any file the running user can write. Dropping a Python .pth file into the user site-packages directory escalates this primitive to arbitrary code execution in any subsequent Python process the user spawns — the next praisonai CLI invocation, an IDE script run, the user's python REPL, or any background Python service. This issue has been patched in version 4.6.34.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
- CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 4.6.34
|
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CVE-2026-44340 (GCVE-0-2026-44340)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:38 – Updated: 2026-05-08 23:22
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI: Symlink-extraction bypass of `_safe_extractall` writes outside `dest_dir`
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.37, the _safe_extractall helper that all recipe pull, recipe publish, and recipe unpack flows route through validates each archive member's name for absolute paths, .. segments, and resolved-path escape — but does not validate member.linkname, does not reject symlink/hardlink members, and calls tar.extractall(dest_dir) without filter="data". A bundle that contains a symlink with a name inside dest_dir but a linkname pointing outside it, followed by a regular file whose path traverses through the just-created symlink, escapes dest_dir and lets the attacker write arbitrary content to an attacker-chosen location on the victim's filesystem. This issue has been patched in version 4.6.37.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 4.6.37
|
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CVE-2026-44353 (GCVE-0-2026-44353)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:10 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:49
VLAI
Title
Streamlink: Arbitrary local file read via file:// URI in HLS and DASH
Summary
Streamlink is a CLI utility which pipes video streams from various services into a video player. Prior to 8.4.0, Streamlink's HLS and DASH parsers do not validate the URI scheme of segment entries and other resources. A remote .m3u8 HLS playlist or .mpd DASH manifest can list file:///path/to/file as a segment, and streamlink will read that local file and write its contents to the output stream. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.4.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/streamlink/streamlink/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| streamlink | streamlink |
Affected:
< 8.4.0
|
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CVE-2026-44373 (GCVE-0-2026-44373)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 20:26 – Updated: 2026-05-14 13:16
VLAI
Title
Nitro: Proxy scope bypass via percent-encoded path traversal in `routeRules`
Summary
Nitro is a next generation server toolkit. Prior to 3.0.260429-beta, an attacker could bypass a proxy route rule by sending percent-encoded path traversal (..%2f) in the URL, causing Nitro to forward a request that the upstream resolved outside the configured scope. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.260429-beta.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4222 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4223 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v2.13.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v3.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-44437 (GCVE-0-2026-44437)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 21:23 – Updated: 2026-05-14 13:35
VLAI
Title
Angular SSR: Open Redirect and Request Steering via Encoded X-Forwarded-Prefix
Summary
The Angular SSR is a server-rise rendering tool for Angular applications. From 19.0.0-next.0 to before 19.2.25, 20.3.25, 21.2.9, and 22.0.0-next.7, a vulnerability exists in the X-Forwarded-Prefix header processing logic within Angular SSR. The internal validation mechanism fails to properly account for URL-encoded characters, specifically dots (%2e%2e). This allows an attacker to bypass security filters by injecting encoded path traversal sequences that are later decoded and utilized by the application logic.
When an Angular SSR application is configured to trust proxy headers and is deployed behind a proxy that forwards the X-Forwarded-Prefix header without prior sanitization, an attacker can provide a payload such as /%2e%2e/evil. This vulnerability is fixed in19.2.25, 20.3.25, 21.2.9, and 22.0.0-next.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/pull/33031 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| angular | angular-cli |
Affected:
>= 22.0.0-next.0, < 22.0.0-next.7
Affected: >= 21.0.0-next.0, < 21.2.9 Affected: >= 20.0.0-next.0, < 20.3.25 Affected: >= 19.0.0-next.0, < 19.2.25 |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.