Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2026-28807 (GCVE-0-2026-28807)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 21:34 – Updated: 2026-04-06 16:44

Title

Path Traversal in wisp.serve_static allows arbitrary file read

Summary

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in gleam-wisp wisp allows arbitrary file read via percent-encoded path traversal. The wisp.serve_static function is vulnerable to path traversal because sanitization runs before percent-decoding. The encoded sequence %2e%2e passes through string.replace unchanged, then uri.percent_decode converts it to .., which the OS resolves as directory traversal when the file is read. An unauthenticated attacker can read any file readable by the application process in a single HTTP request, including application source code, configuration files, secrets, and system files. This issue affects wisp: from 2.1.1 before 2.2.1.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

EEF

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/gleam-wisp/wisp/security/advis…	vendor-advisoryrelated
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-28807.html	related
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-28807	related
https://github.com/gleam-wisp/wisp/commit/161118c…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
gleam-wisp	wisp	Affected: 2.1.1 , < 2.2.1 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:gleam-wisp:wisp::::::::
gleam-wisp	wisp	Affected: 129dcb1fe10ab1e676145d91477535e1c90ab550 , < 161118c431047f7ef1ff7cabfcc38981877fdd93 (git) cpe:2.3:a:gleam-wisp:wisp::::::::

Credits

John Downey Louis Pilfold

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29050 (GCVE-0-2026-29050)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 23:58 – Updated: 2026-04-25 01:38

Title

melange has Path Traversal When Resolving External Pipelines via Unvalidated pipeline[].uses

Summary

melange allows users to build apk packages using declarative pipelines. Starting in version 0.32.0 and prior to version 0.43.4, an attacker who can influence a melange configuration file — for example through pull-request-driven CI or build-as-a-service scenarios — could set `pipeline[].uses` to a value containing `../` sequences or an absolute path. The `(*Compiled).compilePipeline` function in `pkg/build/compile.go` passed `uses` directly to `filepath.Join(pipelineDir, uses + ".yaml")` without validating the value, so the resolved path could escape each `--pipeline-dir` and read an arbitrary YAML-parseable file visible to the melange process. Because the loaded file is subsequently interpreted as a melange pipeline and its `runs:` block is executed via `/bin/sh -c` in the build sandbox, this additionally allowed shell commands sourced from an out-of-tree file to run during the build, bypassing the review boundary that normally covers the in-tree pipeline definition. The issue is fixed in melange v0.43.4 via commit 5829ca4. The fix rejects `uses` values that are absolute paths or contain `..`, and verifies (via `filepath.Rel` after `filepath.Clean`) that the resolved target remains within the pipeline directory. As a workaround, only run `melange build` against configuration files from trusted sources. In CI systems that build user-supplied melange configs, gate builds behind manual review of `pipeline[].uses` values and reject any containing `..` or leading `/`.

Severity

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/chainguard-dev/melange/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
chainguard-dev	melange	Affected: >= 0.32.0, < 0.43.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29051 (GCVE-0-2026-29051)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 00:00 – Updated: 2026-04-24 13:10

Title

melange has Path Traversal via .PKGINFO in --persist-lint-results

Summary

melange allows users to build apk packages using declarative pipelines. Starting in version 0.32.0 and prior to version 0.43.4, `melange lint --persist-lint-results` (opt-in flag, also usable via `melange build --persist-lint-results`) constructs output file paths by joining `--out-dir` with the `arch` and `pkgname` values read from the `.PKGINFO` control file of the APK being linted. In affected versions these values were not validated for path separators or `..` sequences, so an attacker who can supply an APK to a melange-based lint/build pipeline (e.g. CI that lints third-party APKs, or build-as-a-service) could cause melange to write `lint-<pkgname>-<pkgver>-r<epoch>.json` to an arbitrary `.json` path reachable by the melange process. The written file is a JSON lint report whose content is partially attacker-influenced. There is no direct code-execution path, but the write can clobber other JSON artifacts on the filesystem. The issue only affects deployments that explicitly pass `--persist-lint-results`; the flag is off by default. The issue is fixed in melange v0.43.4 by validating `arch` and `pkgname` for `..`, `/`, and `filepath.Separator` before path construction in `pkg/linter/results.go` (commit 84f3b45). As a workaround, do not pass `--persist-lint-results` when linting or building APKs whose `.PKGINFO` contents are not fully trusted. Running melange as a low-privileged user and confining writes to an isolated directory also limits impact.

Severity

4.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/chainguard-dev/melange/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/chainguard-dev/melange/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
chainguard-dev	melange	Affected: >= 0.32.0, < 0.43.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        }
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CVE-2026-29059 (GCVE-0-2026-29059)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 07:11 – Updated: 2026-04-07 13:16

Title

Windmill: SUPERADMIN_SECRET (rarely used) can be accessed publicly

Summary

Windmill is an open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Prior to version 1.603.3, an unauthenticated path traversal vulnerability exists in Windmill's get_log_file endpoint "(/api/w/{workspace}/jobs_u/get_log_file/{filename})". The filename parameter is concatenated into a file path without sanitization, allowing an attacker to read arbitrary files on the server using ../ sequences. This issue has been patched in version 1.603.3.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/windmill-labs/windmill/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/windmill-labs/windmill/release…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Chocapikk/Windfall	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
windmill-labs	windmill	Affected: < 1.603.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29064 (GCVE-0-2026-29064)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 16:13 – Updated: 2026-03-06 19:33

Title

Zarf: Symlink targets in archives are not validated against destination directory

Summary

Zarf is an Airgap Native Packager Manager for Kubernetes. From version 0.54.0 to before version 0.73.1, a path traversal vulnerability in archive extraction allows a specifically crafted Zarf package to create symlinks pointing outside the destination directory, enabling arbitrary file read or write on the system processing the package. This issue has been patched in version 0.73.1.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/zarf-dev/zarf/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/zarf-dev/zarf/releases/tag/v0.73.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
zarf-dev	zarf	Affected: >= 0.54.0, < 0.73.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29065 (GCVE-0-2026-29065)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 06:54 – Updated: 2026-03-09 19:59

Title

changedetection.io: Zip Slip vulnerability in the backup restore functionality

Summary

changedetection.io is a free open source web page change detection tool. Prior to version 0.54.4, a Zip Slip vulnerability in the backup restore functionality allows arbitrary file overwrite via path traversal in uploaded ZIP archives. This issue has been patched in version 0.54.4.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io/se…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io/co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io/re…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
dgtlmoon	changedetection.io	Affected: < 0.54.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29185 (GCVE-0-2026-29185)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-07 15:02 – Updated: 2026-03-09 20:24

Title

@backstage/integration: Potential reading of SCM URLs using built in token

Summary

Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to version 1.20.1, a vulnerability in the SCM URL parsing used by Backstage integrations allowed path traversal sequences in encoded form to be included in file paths. When these URLs were processed by integration functions that construct API URLs, the traversal segments could redirect requests to unintended SCM provider API endpoints using the configured server-side integration credentials. This issue has been patched in version 1.20.1.

Severity

2.7 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
backstage	backstage	Affected: < 1.20.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29190 (GCVE-0-2026-29190)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-07 15:16 – Updated: 2026-03-09 18:27

Title

Karapace: Path Traversal in Backup Reader

Summary

Karapace is an open-source implementation of Kafka REST and Schema Registry. Prior to version 6.0.0, there is a Path Traversal vulnerability in the backup reader (backup/backends/v3/backend.py). If a malicious backup file is provided to Karapace, an attacker may exploit insufficient path validation to perform arbitrary file read on the system where Karapace is running. The issue affects deployments that use the backup/restore functionality and process backups from untrusted sources. The impact depends on the file system permissions of the Karapace process. This issue has been patched in version 6.0.0.

Severity

4.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Aiven-Open/karapace/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/Aiven-Open/karapace/releases/t…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Aiven-Open	karapace	Affected: < 6.0.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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CVE-2026-29220 (GCVE-0-2026-29220)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 09:16 – Updated: 2026-05-19 18:37

Title

Apache OFBiz: Low-Privilege LFI in Content Component

Summary

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Apache OFBiz. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 24.09.06. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 24.09.06, which fixes the issue.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

apache

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://lists.apache.org/thread/5hjnmt9no6mmtg8sx…	vendor-advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Apache Software Foundation	Apache OFBiz	Affected: 0 , < 24.09.06 (semver)

Credits

Lidor B / thisis0xczar of Novee Security Venkatraman Kumar, Securin

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-29509 (GCVE-0-2026-29509)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 19:31 – Updated: 2026-06-27 03:03 X_Open Source

Title

Patool < 4.0.5 Path Traversal via safe_extract() Function

Summary

Patool before 4.0.5 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the safe_extract() function in patoolib/programs/py_tarfile.py when running on Python before 3.12, where the is_within_directory() helper uses os.path.commonprefix() for character-level string comparison instead of path-level comparison, allowing a crafted archive member path to bypass the containment check. Attackers can supply a malicious archive with specially crafted member paths to write arbitrary files.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

VulnCheck

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/wummel/patool/releases/tag/4.0.5	patch
https://github.com/wummel/patool/blob/main/doc/ch…	release-notes
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/patool-path-…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
wummel	patool	Affected: 0 , < 4.0.5 (semver)

Date Public

2026-05-18 00:00

Credits

CodeAnt AI Security VulnCheck

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
realpath() in C
getCanonicalPath() in Java
GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
realpath() in PHP

Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.

Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.

Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.

Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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