Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2025-69379 (GCVE-0-2025-69379)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 15:46 – Updated: 2026-04-28 20:57
VLAI
Title
WordPress Upload Files Anywhere plugin <= 2.8 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in vanquish Upload Files Anywhere wp-upload-files-anywhere allows Path Traversal.This issue affects Upload Files Anywhere: from n/a through <= 2.8.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vanquish Upload Files Anywhere Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.8 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:04
Credits
Phat RiO | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-69380 (GCVE-0-2025-69380)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 15:46 – Updated: 2026-04-28 20:57
VLAI
Title
WordPress Upload Files Anywhere plugin <= 2.8 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in vanquish Upload Files Anywhere wp-upload-files-anywhere allows Path Traversal.This issue affects Upload Files Anywhere: from n/a through <= 2.8.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vanquish Upload Files Anywhere Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.8 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:04
Credits
Phat RiO | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-69411 (GCVE-0-2025-69411)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 05:53 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:01
VLAI
Title
WordPress ionCube tester plus plugin <= 1.3 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Robert Seyfriedsberger ionCube tester plus ioncube-tester-plus allows Path Traversal.This issue affects ionCube tester plus: from n/a through <= 1.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Robert Seyfriedsberger ionCube tester plus Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:03
Credits
Jarno Vos (jrn5151) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-6989 (GCVE-0-2025-6989)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-26 07:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:11
VLAI
Title
Kallyas <= 4.21.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary Folder Deletion
Summary
The Kallyas theme for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary folder deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the delete_font() function in all versions up to, and including, 4.21.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to delete arbitrary folders on the server.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Matthew Rollings
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7039 (GCVE-0-2025-7039)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 01:52 – Updated: 2026-06-02 12:59
VLAI
Title
Glib: buffer under-read on glib through glib/gfileutils.c via get_tmp_file()
Summary
A flaw was found in glib. An integer overflow during temporary file creation leads to an out-of-bounds memory access, allowing an attacker to potentially perform path traversal or access private temporary file content by creating symbolic links. This vulnerability allows a local attacker to manipulate file paths and access unauthorized data. The core issue stems from insufficient validation of file path lengths during temporary file operations.
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-07-02 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7098 (GCVE-0-2025-7098)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-06 23:02 – Updated: 2025-07-07 15:45
VLAI
Title
Comodo Internet Security Premium File Name path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Comodo Internet Security Premium 12.3.4.8162. Affected is an unknown function of the component File Name Handler. The manipulation of the argument name/folder leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
FPT IS Security (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7107 (GCVE-0-2025-7107)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-07 02:02 – Updated: 2025-07-07 15:37
VLAI
Title
SimStudioAI sim route.ts handleLocalFile path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SimStudioAI sim up to 0.1.17. Affected is the function handleLocalFile of the file apps/sim/app/api/files/parse/route.ts. The manipulation of the argument filePath leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is identified as b2450530d1ddd0397a11001a72aa0fde401db16a. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SimStudioAI sim Affected: 0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1
Affected: 0.1.2
Affected: 0.1.3
Affected: 0.1.4
Affected: 0.1.5
Affected: 0.1.6
Affected: 0.1.7
Affected: 0.1.8
Affected: 0.1.9
Affected: 0.1.10
Affected: 0.1.11
Affected: 0.1.12
Affected: 0.1.13
Affected: 0.1.14
Affected: 0.1.15
Affected: 0.1.16
Affected: 0.1.17
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "value": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SimStudioAI sim up to 0.1.17. Affected is the function handleLocalFile of the file apps/sim/app/api/files/parse/route.ts. The manipulation of the argument filePath leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is identified as b2450530d1ddd0397a11001a72aa0fde401db16a. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "Es wurde eine kritische Schwachstelle in SimStudioAI sim bis 0.1.17 entdeckt. Dabei betrifft es die Funktion handleLocalFile der Datei apps/sim/app/api/files/parse/route.ts. Dank der Manipulation des Arguments filePath mit unbekannten Daten kann eine path traversal-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Die Umsetzung des Angriffs kann dabei \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung. Der Patch wird als b2450530d1ddd0397a11001a72aa0fde401db16a bezeichnet. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird Patching empfohlen."
        }
      ],
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CVE-2025-7108 (GCVE-0-2025-7108)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-07 02:32 – Updated: 2025-07-07 17:16
VLAI
Title
risesoft-y9 Digital-Infrastructure Y9FileController.java deleteFile path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in risesoft-y9 Digital-Infrastructure up to 9.6.7. Affected by this vulnerability is the function deleteFile of the file /Digital-Infrastructure-9.6.7/y9-digitalbase-webapp/y9-module-filemanager/risenet-y9boot-webapp-filemanager/src/main/java/net/risesoft/y9public/controller/Y9FileController.java. The manipulation of the argument fullPath leads to path traversal. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.315019 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.315019 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.601825 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/mai… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
risesoft-y9 Digital-Infrastructure Affected: 9.6.0
Affected: 9.6.1
Affected: 9.6.2
Affected: 9.6.3
Affected: 9.6.4
Affected: 9.6.5
Affected: 9.6.6
Affected: 9.6.7
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
ShenxiuSecurity (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-71210 (GCVE-0-2025-71210)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 13:01 – Updated: 2026-05-21 14:10
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One management console could allow a remote attacker to upload malicious code and execute commands on affected installations. Please note: although this vulnerability carries a technical critical CVSS rating, this was reported via responsible disclosure via a researcher through the Zero Day Initiative. The SaaS versions of the product have already been mitigated and no customer action required. For this particular vulnerability, an attacker must have access to the Trend Micro Apex One Management Console, so customers that have their console�s IP address exposed externally should consider mitigating factors such as source restrictions if not already applied.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Trend Micro, Inc. TrendAI Apex One Affected: 2019 (14.0) , < 14.0.0.14136 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_op:14.0.0.14136:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Trend Micro, Inc. TrendAI Apex One as a Service Affected: SaaS , < 14.0.20315 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_saas:14.0.0.20315:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-71211 (GCVE-0-2025-71211)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 13:02 – Updated: 2026-05-21 14:09
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One management console could allow a remote attacker to upload malicious code and execute commands on affected installations. This vulnerability is similar in scope to CVE-2025-71210 but affects a different executable. Please note: although this vulnerability carries a technical critical CVSS rating, this was reported via responsible disclosure via a researcher through the Zero Day Initiative. The SaaS versions of the product have already been mitigated and no customer action required. For this particular vulnerability, an attacker must have access to the Trend Micro Apex One Management Console, so customers that have their console�s IP address exposed externally should consider mitigating factors such as source restrictions if not already applied.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Trend Micro, Inc. TrendAI Apex One Affected: 2019 (14.0) , < 14.0.0.14136 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_op:14.0.0.14136:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Trend Micro, Inc. TrendAI Apex One as a Service Affected: SaaS , < 14.0.20315 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_saas:14.0.0.20315:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          ],
          "product": "TrendAI Apex One as a Service",
          "vendor": "Trend Micro, Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "14.0.20315",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "SaaS",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One management console could allow a remote attacker to upload malicious code and execute commands on affected installations. This vulnerability is similar in scope to CVE-2025-71210 but affects a different executable. \r\n\r\nPlease note: although this vulnerability carries a technical critical CVSS rating, this was reported via responsible disclosure via a researcher through the Zero Day Initiative. The SaaS versions of the product have already been mitigated and no customer action required.\r\n\r\nFor this particular vulnerability, an attacker must have access to the Trend Micro Apex One Management Console, so customers that have their console\ufffds IP address exposed externally should consider mitigating factors such as source restrictions if not already applied."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-22",
              "description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory",
              "lang": "en-US",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-21T13:02:02.834Z",
        "orgId": "7f7bd7df-cffe-4fdb-ab6d-859363b89272",
        "shortName": "trendmicro"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/en-US/solution/KA-0022458"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-26-137/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7f7bd7df-cffe-4fdb-ab6d-859363b89272",
    "assignerShortName": "trendmicro",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71211",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-21T13:02:02.834Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-11T16:33:44.102Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-21T14:09:53.718Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

  • Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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