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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2025-64765 (GCVE-0-2025-64765)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-19 16:41 – Updated: 2025-11-20 15:50
VLAI
Title
Astro middleware authentication checks based on url.pathname can be bypassed via url encoded values
Summary
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 5.15.8, a mismatch exists between how Astro normalizes request paths for routing/rendering and how the application’s middleware reads the path for validation checks. Astro internally applies decodeURI() to determine which route to render, while the middleware uses context.url.pathname without applying the same normalization (decodeURI). This discrepancy may allow attackers to reach protected routes using encoded path variants that pass routing but bypass validation checks. This issue has been patched in version 5.15.8.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/6f80081… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-65025 (GCVE-0-2025-65025)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-19 17:32 – Updated: 2025-11-20 14:09
VLAI
Title
esm.sh CDN service has arbitrary file write via tarslip
Summary
esm.sh is a nobuild content delivery network(CDN) for modern web development. Prior to version 136, the esm.sh CDN service is vulnerable to path traversal during NPM package tarball extraction. An attacker can craft a malicious NPM package containing specially crafted file paths (e.g., package/../../tmp/evil.js). When esm.sh downloads and extracts this package, files may be written to arbitrary locations on the server, escaping the intended extraction directory. This issue has been patched in version 136.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-65074 (GCVE-0-2025-65074)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 12:25 – Updated: 2025-12-16 14:38
VLAI
Title
OS Command Injection via Path Traversal in WaveStore Server
Summary
WaveView client allows users to execute restricted set of predefined commands and scripts on the connected WaveStore Server. A malicious attacker with high-privileges is able to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server using path traversal in the showerr script.
This issue was fixed in version 6.44.44
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/12/CVE-2025-65074 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.wavestore.com/products/video-manageme… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WaveStore | WaveStore Server |
Affected:
0 , < 6.44.44
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-12-16 10:55
Credits
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CVE-2025-65075 (GCVE-0-2025-65075)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 12:25 – Updated: 2025-12-16 14:37
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary File Read and Delete via Path Traversal in WaveStore Server
Summary
WaveView client allows users to execute restricted set of predefined commands and scripts on the connected WaveStore Server. A malicious attacker with high-privileges is able to read or delete files, with the permissions of dvr user, on the server using path traversal in the alog script.
This issue was fixed in version 6.44.44
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/12/CVE-2025-65074 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.wavestore.com/products/video-manageme… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WaveStore | WaveStore Server |
Affected:
0 , < 6.44.44
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-12-16 10:55
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CVE-2025-65076 (GCVE-0-2025-65076)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 12:25 – Updated: 2025-12-16 14:30
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary File Read and Delete via Path Traversal in WaveStore Server
Summary
WaveView client allows users to execute restricted set of predefined commands and scripts on the connected WaveStore Server. A malicious attacker with high-privileges is able to read or delete any file on the server using path traversal in the ilog script. This script is being run with root privileges.
This issue was fixed in version 6.44.44
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/12/CVE-2025-65074 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.wavestore.com/products/video-manageme… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WaveStore | WaveStore Server |
Affected:
0 , < 6.44.44
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-12-16 10:55
Credits
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CVE-2025-65077 (GCVE-0-2025-65077)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-03 20:44 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
Title
Relative path traversal vulnerability in Embedded Solutions Framework
Summary
A relative path traversal vulnerability has been identified in the Embedded Solutions Framework in various Lexmark devices. This vulnerability can be leveraged by an attacker to execute arbitrary code as an unprivileged user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lexmark | MXTCT, MSNGM, MSTGM, MXNGM, MXTGM, CSNGV, CSTGV, CXTGV, MSNGW, MSTGW, MXTGW, CSTLS, CXTLS, MXTLS, CSTMM, CXTMM, CSTPC, CXTPC, MXTPM, MSNSN, MSTSN, MXTSN, CSNZJ, CSTZJ, CXNZJ, CXTZJ |
Affected:
0 , < 250.210
(custom)
|
|
| Lexmark | CSTAT, CXTAT, MSLBD, MXLBD, CSLBL, CXLBL, CSLBN, CXLBN, CSTMH, CXTMH, CSTPP, CXTPP, MSLSG, MXLSG |
Affected:
0 , < 230.507
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-65952 (GCVE-0-2025-65952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 22:54 – Updated: 2025-11-26 16:09
VLAI
Title
Console is vulnerable to path traversal regarding custom assets
Summary
Console is a network used to control Gorilla Tag mods' users and other users on the network. Prior to version 2.8.0, a path traversal vulnerability exists where complicated combinations of backslashes and periods can be used to escape the Gorilla Tag path and write to unwanted directories. This issue has been patched in version 2.8.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/iiDk-the-actual/Console/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/iiDk-the-actual/Console/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/iiDk-the-actual/Console/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| iiDk-the-actual | Console |
Affected:
< 2.8.0
|
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CVE-2025-66051 (GCVE-0-2025-66051)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-09 11:54 – Updated: 2026-01-09 14:07 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Path traversal in Vivotek IP7137 cameras
Summary
Vivotek IP7137 camera with firmware version 0200a is vulnerable to path traversal. It is possible for an authenticated attacker to access resources beyond webroot directory using a direct HTTP request. Due to CVE-2025-66050, a password for administration panel is not set by default.
The vendor has not replied to the CNA. Possibly all firmware versions are affected. Since the product has met End-Of-Life phase, a fix is not expected to be released.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/posts/2026/01/CVE-2025-66049 | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-01-09 11:22
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CVE-2025-66206 (GCVE-0-2025-66206)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 20:29 – Updated: 2025-12-01 20:37
VLAI
Title
Frappe vulnerable to a path traversal allowing reading certain files
Summary
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 15.86.0 and 14.99.2, certain requests were vulnerable to path traversal attacks, wherein some files from the server could be retrieved if the full path was known. Sites hosted on Frappe Cloud, and even other setups that are behind a reverse proxy like NGINX are unaffected. This would mainly affect someone directly using werkzeug/gunicorn. In those cases, either an upgrade or changing the setup to use a reverse proxy is recommended. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.86.0 and 14.99.2.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/frappe/frappe/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-66249 (GCVE-0-2025-66249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 15:21 – Updated: 2026-03-13 18:11
VLAI
Title
Apache Livy: Unauthorized directory access
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Apache Livy.
This issue affects Apache Livy: from 0.3.0 before 0.9.0.
The vulnerability can only be exploited with non-default Apache Livy Server settings. If the configuration value "livy.file.local-dir-whitelist" is set to a non-default value, the directory checking can be bypassed.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.9.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Livy |
Affected:
0.3.0-incubating , < 0.9.0-incubating
(semver)
|
Credits
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.