Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2025-4517 (GCVE-0-2025-4517)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-03 12:58 – Updated: 2026-04-21 20:17
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary writes via tarfile realpath overflow
Summary
Allows arbitrary filesystem writes outside the extraction directory during extraction with filter="data". You are affected by this vulnerability if using the tarfile module to extract untrusted tar archives using TarFile.extractall() or TarFile.extract() using the filter= parameter with a value of "data" or "tar". See the tarfile extraction filters documentation https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile-extraction-filter  for more information. Note that for Python 3.14 or later the default value of filter= changed from "no filtering" to `"data", so if you are relying on this new default behavior then your usage is also affected. Note that none of these vulnerabilities significantly affect the installation of source distributions which are tar archives as source distributions already allow arbitrary code execution during the build process. However when evaluating source distributions it's important to avoid installing source distributions with suspicious links.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
PSF
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Python Software Foundation CPython Affected: 0 , < 3.10.18 (python)
Affected: 3.11.0 , < 3.11.13 (python)
Affected: 3.12.0 , < 3.12.11 (python)
Affected: 3.13.0 , < 3.13.4 (python)
Affected: 3.14.0a1 , < 3.14.0b3 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Caleb Brown (Google) Petr Viktorin Serhiy Storchaka Hugo van Kemenade Łukasz Langa Thomas Wouters Seth Larson
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4524 (GCVE-0-2025-4524)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 06:39 – Updated: 2026-04-29 19:47
VLAI
Title
Madara – Responsive and modern WordPress theme for manga sites <= 2.2.2 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Madara – Responsive and modern WordPress theme for manga sites theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.2 via the 'template' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Kyle Bouchard
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4529 (GCVE-0-2025-4529)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-11 04:00 – Updated: 2025-05-12 14:00
VLAI
Title
Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System ZIP File M3CoreController.class download path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System 8.1 SP2. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function Download of the file seeyon\opt\Seeyon\A8\ApacheJetspeed\webapps\seeyon\WEB-INF\lib\seeyon-apps-m3.jar!\com\seeyon\apps\m3\core\controller\M3CoreController.class of the component ZIP File Handler. The manipulation of the argument Name leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.308274 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.308274 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.565379 third-party-advisory
https://wx.mail.qq.com/s?k=h3jd6HR4UnUJxQZ0RG exploit
Impacted products
Credits
caichaoxiong (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4530 (GCVE-0-2025-4530)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-11 05:00 – Updated: 2025-05-12 13:55
VLAI
Title
feng_ha_ha/megagao ssm-erp/production_ssm File FileController.java handleFileDownload path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in feng_ha_ha/megagao ssm-erp and production_ssm 1.0. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function handleFileDownload of the file FileController.java of the component File Handler. The manipulation leads to path traversal. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product is distributed under two entirely different names.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.308275 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.308275 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.565380 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Hao-Ni/CVE/issues/2 exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Credits
fatd0g (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4545 (GCVE-0-2025-4545)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-11 19:31 – Updated: 2025-05-12 18:57
VLAI
Title
CTCMS Content Management System File Tpl.php del path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in CTCMS Content Management System 2.1.2. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function del of the file ctcms\apps\controllers\admin\Tpl.php of the component File Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.308292 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.308292 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.566498 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/xiaoyangsec/ctcms/blob/main/CT… exploit
Impacted products
Credits
xiaoyang (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4564 (GCVE-0-2025-4564)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-15 11:13 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:43
VLAI
Title
TicketBAI Facturas para WooCommerce <= 3.18 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion
Summary
The TicketBAI Facturas para WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation via the 'delpdf' action in all versions up to, and including, 3.18. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config.php).
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Alexander Chikaylo
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4632 (GCVE-0-2025-4632)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 05:19 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
Summary
Improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory vulnerability in Samsung MagicINFO 9 Server version before 21.1052 allows attackers to write arbitrary file as system authority.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server Affected: 0 , < 21.1052 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-05-13 03:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-46359 (GCVE-0-2025-46359)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 07:22 – Updated: 2025-07-31 15:28
VLAI
Summary
A path traversal issue exists in backup and restore feature of multiple versions of PowerCMS. A product administrator may execute arbitrary code by restoring a crafted backup file.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Alfasado Inc. PowerCMS Affected: 6.7 and earlier (PowerCMS 6.x series)
Create a notification for this product.
Alfasado Inc. PowerCMS Affected: 5.3 and earlier (PowerCMS 5.x series)
Create a notification for this product.
Alfasado Inc. PowerCMS Affected: 4.6 and earlier (PowerCMS 4.x series)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-46486 (GCVE-0-2025-46486)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-23 12:43 – Updated: 2026-05-12 00:19
VLAI
Title
WordPress Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway plugin <= 7.1.7 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in totalprocessing Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway totalprocessing-card-payments allows Path Traversal.This issue affects Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway: from n/a through <= 7.1.7.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:39
Credits
Martino Spagnuolo (r3verii) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-46527 (GCVE-0-2025-46527)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-23 12:43 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:12
VLAI
Title
WordPress Web3Press – Decentralize Publishing with Writing NFT plugin <= 3.2.0 - Arbitrary File Read vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in LikeCoin Web3Press likecoin allows Path Traversal.This issue affects Web3Press: from n/a through <= 3.2.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LikeCoin Web3Press Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.2.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:39
Credits
ch4r0n | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

  • Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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