Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2025-29845 (GCVE-0-2025-29845)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:01 – Updated: 2025-12-04 20:01
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in VideoPlayer2 subtitle cgi allows remote authenticated users to read .srt files.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Synology Synology Router Manager (SRM) Affected: 1.3 , < 1.3.1-9346-13 (semver)
Unknown: 0 , < 1.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Qian Chen (@cq674350529) from Codesafe Team of Legendsec at QI-ANXIN Group
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-29846 (GCVE-0-2025-29846)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:01 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in portenable cgi allows remote authenticated users to get the status of installed packages.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Synology Synology Router Manager (SRM) Affected: 1.3 , < 1.3.1-9346-13 (semver)
Unknown: 0 , < 1.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Qian Chen (@cq674350529) from Codesafe Team of Legendsec at QI-ANXIN Group
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-29847 (GCVE-0-2025-29847)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-19 08:36 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:12
VLAI
Title
Apache Linkis: Arbitrary File Read via Double URL Encoding Bypass
Summary
A vulnerability in Apache Linkis. Problem Description When using the JDBC engine and da When using the JDBC engine and data source functionality, if the URL parameter configured on the frontend has undergone multiple rounds of URL encoding, it may bypass the system's checks. This bypass can trigger a vulnerability that allows unauthorized access to system files via JDBC parameters. Scope of Impact This issue affects Apache Linkis: from 1.3.0 through 1.7.0. Severity level moderate Solution Continuously check if the connection information contains the "%" character; if it does, perform URL decoding. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.8.0, which fixes the issue. More questions about this vulnerability can be discussed here:  https://lists.apache.org/list?dev@linkis.apache.org:2025-9:cve
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Linkis Affected: 1.3.0 , ≤ 1.7.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Le1a and A1kaid from Threatbook kinghao Le1a from Threatbook kinghao
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-29865 (GCVE-0-2025-29865)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-07 01:30 – Updated: 2025-08-07 13:25
VLAI
Summary
: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in TAGFREE X-Free Uploader XFU allows Path Traversal.This issue affects X-Free Uploader: from 1.0.1.0084 before 1.0.1.0085, from 2.0.1.0034 before 2.0.1.0035.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TAGFREE X-Free Uploader Affected: 1.0.1.0084 , < 1.0.1.0085 (custom)
Affected: 2.0.1.0034 , < 2.0.1.0035 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-30005 (GCVE-0-2025-30005)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 16:45 – Updated: 2025-12-27 16:47
VLAI
Title
Xorcom CompletePBX <= 5.2.35 Authenticated Path Traversal & File Deletion
Summary
Xorcom CompletePBX is vulnerable to a path traversal via the Diagnostics reporting module, which will allow reading of arbitrary files and additionally delete any retrieved file in place of the expected report. This issue affects CompletePBX: all versions up to and prior to 5.2.35
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Xorcom CompletePBX Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.2.35 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Valentin Lobstein (Chocapikk)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-30159 (GCVE-0-2025-30159)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 15:07 – Updated: 2025-05-13 19:46
VLAI
Title
Kirby vulnerable to path traversal of snippet names in the `snippet()` helper
Summary
Kirby is an open-source content management system. A vulnerability in versions prior to 3.9.8.3, 3.10.1.2, and 4.7.1 affects all Kirby sites that use the `snippet()` helper or `$kirby->snippet()` method with a dynamic snippet name (such as a snippet name that depends on request or user data). Sites that only use fixed calls to the `snippet()` helper/`$kirby->snippet()` method (i.e. calls with a simple string for the snippet name) are *not* affected. A missing path traversal check allowed attackers to navigate and access all files on the server that were accessible to the PHP process, including files outside of the snippets root or even outside of the Kirby installation. PHP code within such files was executed. Such attacks first require an attack vector in the site code that is caused by dynamic snippet names, such as `snippet('tags-' . get('tags'))`. It generally also requires knowledge of the site structure and the server's file system by the attacker, although it can be possible to find vulnerable setups through automated methods such as fuzzing. In a vulnerable setup, this could cause damage to the confidentiality and integrity of the server. The problem has been patched in Kirby 3.9.8.3, Kirby 3.10.1.2, and Kirby 4.7.1. In all of the mentioned releases, Kirby maintainers have added a check for the snippet path that ensures that the resulting path is contained within the configured snippets root. Snippet paths that point outside of the snippets root will not be loaded.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-23 - Relative Path Traversal
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getkirby kirby Affected: < 3.9.8.3
Affected: >= 3.10.0, < 3.10.1.2
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.7.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-30207 (GCVE-0-2025-30207)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 15:20 – Updated: 2025-05-13 19:37
VLAI
Title
Kirby vulnerable to path traversal in the router for PHP's built-in server
Summary
Kirby is an open-source content management system. A vulnerability in versions prior to 3.9.8.3, 3.10.1.2, and 4.7.1 affects all Kirby setups that use PHP's built-in server. Such setups are commonly only used during local development. Sites that use other server software (such as Apache, nginx or Caddy) are not affected. A missing path traversal check allowed attackers to navigate all files on the server that were accessible to the PHP process, including files outside of the Kirby installation. The vulnerable implementation delegated all existing files to PHP, including existing files outside of the document root. This leads to a different response that allows attackers to determine whether the requested file exists. Because Kirby's router only delegates such requests to PHP and does not load or execute them, contents of the files were not exposed as PHP treats requests to files outside of the document root as invalid. The problem has been patched in Kirby 3.9.8.3, Kirby 3.10.1.2, and Kirby 4.7.1. In all of the mentioned releases, the maintainers of Kirby have updated the router to check if existing static files are within the document root. Requests to files outside the document root are treated as page requests of the error page and will no longer allow to determine whether the file exists or not.
Severity
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-23 - Relative Path Traversal
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getkirby kirby Affected: < 3.9.8.3
Affected: >= 3.10.0, < 3.10.1.2
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.7.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3021 (GCVE-0-2025-3021)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 10:12 – Updated: 2025-03-31 12:40
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal vulnerability in e-management of e-solutions
Summary
Path Traversal vulnerability in e-solutions e-management. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to access confidential files outside the expected scope via the ‘file’ parameter in the /downloadReport.php endpoint.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
e-solutions e-management Affected: all versions
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-03-31 10:00
Credits
Konrad Kowal Karp
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-30270 (GCVE-0-2025-30270)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 17:16 – Updated: 2025-08-29 18:23
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to read the contents of unexpected files or system data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 and later QuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 and later
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
coral
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-30271 (GCVE-0-2025-30271)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 17:16 – Updated: 2025-08-29 18:22
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to read the contents of unexpected files or system data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 and later QuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 and later
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
coral
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

  • Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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