CWE-113
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
The product receives data from an HTTP agent/component (e.g., web server, proxy, browser, etc.), but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
CVE-2026-42874 (GCVE-0-2026-42874)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 19:04 – Updated: 2026-05-13 14:40
VLAI
Title
Microdot: HTTP response splitting in Response.set_cookie()
Summary
Microdot is a minimalistic Python web framework. Prior to 2.6.1, the Response.set_cookie() method does not sanitize its string arguments, and in particular will not detect the presence of the \r\n sequence in them. This can be a potential source of header injection attacks. For a header injection attack through this issue to be possible, an attacker must first infiltrate the client (for example through an independent XSS attack), so that it can send malicious information that is destined to be stored in a cookie by the server on behalf of the victim. An attacker that infiltrates one client can only orchestrate a header injection attack for that client, all other clients that were not infiltrated are safe. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.6.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/blob/m… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| miguelgrinberg | microdot |
Affected:
< 2.6.1
|
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CVE-2026-43870 (GCVE-0-2026-43870)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 07:45 – Updated: 2026-05-06 13:32
VLAI
Title
Apache Thrift: Node.js web_server.js multi-vulnerability
Summary
Origin Validation Error, Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'), Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting'), Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Thrift.
This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Thrift |
Affected:
0 , < 0.23.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-43966 (GCVE-0-2026-43966)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-08 16:34 – Updated: 2026-06-09 04:38
VLAI
Title
HTTP Response Splitting via Non-VCHAR Bytes in cow_http_struct_hd:escape_string/2
Summary
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows HTTP response splitting via non-VCHAR bytes in structured-fields string values.
cow_http_struct_hd:escape_string/2 in cowlib only escapes \ and ", passing all other bytes through verbatim. This creates an encoder/decoder asymmetry: the matching parser accepts only printable ASCII (0x20–0x7E, excluding " and \), but the encoder emits any byte including CR and LF. An application that builds a structured HTTP header via cow_http_struct_hd:item/1 (or a higher-level wrapper such as cow_http_hd:wt_protocol/1) from attacker-controlled input can have \r\n injected into the serialized header value. Once on the wire, the injected CRLF terminates the current header and any following bytes are interpreted as a new header, enabling HTTP response splitting.
This issue affects cowlib from 2.9.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-43966.html | relatedthird-party-advisory |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-43966 | related |
| https://github.com/ninenines/cowboy/commit/f77cb9… | mitigation |
| https://github.com/ninenines/gun/commit/4f35609eb… | mitigation |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-44214 (GCVE-0-2026-44214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 19:34 – Updated: 2026-05-27 13:19
VLAI
Title
eventsource-encoder: SSE event injection via unsanitized event and id fields
Summary
eventsource-encoder encodes events as well-formed EventSource/Server Sent Event (SSE) messages. Prior to 1.0.2, eventsource-encoder does not sanitize the event or id fields of an EventSourceMessage before serializing them. An attacker who controls either field can inject arbitrary Server-Sent Events line terminators (\n, \r, or \r\n) and thereby forge additional SSE fields or entire messages on the stream. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.2.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rexxars/eventsource-encoder/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rexxars | eventsource-encoder |
Affected:
< 1.0.2
|
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CVE-2026-44489 (GCVE-0-2026-44489)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-11 18:17
VLAI
Title
Axios: Proxy-Authorization Header Injection via Prototype Pollution — Incomplete Null-Prototype Fix
Summary
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.15.2 to before 1.16.0, nested objects created by utils.merge() (e.g., config.proxy) are still constructed as plain {} with Object.prototype in their chain. The setProxy() function at lib/adapters/http.js:209-223 reads proxy.username, proxy.password, and proxy.auth without hasOwnProperty checks. When Object.prototype.username is polluted, setProxy() constructs a Proxy-Authorization header with attacker-controlled credentials and injects it into every proxied HTTP request. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-47675 (GCVE-0-2026-47675)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 15:28 – Updated: 2026-05-28 19:17
VLAI
Title
Hono: Cookie helper does not sanitize sameSite and priority, allowing Set-Cookie injection
Summary
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, the serialize() function in hono/cookie validates domain and path options against characters that corrupt Set-Cookie header syntax (;, \r, \n), but does not apply the same validation to sameSite and priority. An application that passes user-controlled input into either option may produce a Set-Cookie response header containing attacker-chosen additional attributes. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.21.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-48596 (GCVE-0-2026-48596)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 19:09 – Updated: 2026-06-04 04:45
VLAI
Title
CRLF injection in Tesla.Multipart.add_content_type_param/2 allows HTTP header injection
Summary
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting') vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows HTTP header injection via Tesla.Multipart.add_content_type_param/2.
Tesla.Multipart.add_content_type_param/2 appends caller-supplied strings to the multipart content_type_params list without validating for CR (\r) or LF (\n) characters. Tesla.Multipart.headers/1 then joins these params verbatim with "; " to construct the outgoing Content-Type header value. A param containing \r\n splits the header line, allowing arbitrary headers to be injected into the outbound HTTP request. Any application that forwards untrusted input (such as a user-supplied charset or parameter string) into add_content_type_param/2 is affected.
This issue affects tesla: from 0.8.0 before 1.18.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/ad… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48596.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48596 | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/2360… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-tesla | tesla |
Affected:
0.8.0 , < 1.18.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| elixir-tesla | tesla |
Affected:
6ebfdb9abe9c6f119408045b933d82462decd351 , < 23601edac5d22ba9407b427967b5bdbda201aec2
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-49214 (GCVE-0-2026-49214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 12:38 – Updated: 2026-06-11 12:47
VLAI
Title
guzzlehttp/psr7 has CRLF Injection via URI Host Component
Summary
guzzlehttp/psr7 is a PSR-7 HTTP message library implementation in PHP. Versions prior to 2.10.2 did not reject ASCII control characters, whitespace, or DEL in first-party URI host components. A vulnerable flow is: First, an application accepts a user-controlled URL. Second, the URL is used to construct a PSR-7 `Uri` or `Request`. Third, the host component contains CRLF or another header-unsafe character. Fourth, the host is copied into the PSR-7 `Host` header when no explicit `Host` header is provided. Finally, the request is serialized or sent by an HTTP client that does not independently reject the malformed host. In that flow, an attacker can cause the serialized request to contain additional attacker-controlled header lines. For example, a host containing `"\r\nX-Injected: yes"` can cause the generated `Host` header to span multiple HTTP header lines. Applications are affected when they use user-controlled URLs for outbound HTTP requests, URL forwarding, proxying, crawling, webhook delivery, or similar request-dispatch flows. In deployments involving HTTP/1.1 connection reuse, proxies, gateways, or load balancers, this malformed request may also contribute to request smuggling or cache poisoning, depending on how downstream components parse the request. The issue is patched in `2.10.2` and later. `1.x` is end-of-life and will not receive a patch. As a workaround, validate and reject all untrusted URI strings before constructing PSR-7 `Uri` or `Request` instances. Reject input containing ASCII control characters, whitespace, or DEL, including CRLF, tab, space, NUL, or DEL characters. Applications that forward requests should also ensure the final HTTP client or serializer rejects invalid URI and header data before writing requests to the network.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/guzzle/psr7/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-50630 (GCVE-0-2026-50630)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 08:58 – Updated: 2026-06-12 14:03
VLAI
Title
Apache CXF: OAuth2: HTTP Response Splitting via WWW-Authenticate Realm Injection
Summary
A CRLF injection vulnerability exists in the OAuth2 AuthorizationUtils class. When constructing the WWW-Authenticate response header, the 'realm' parameter is concatenated without sanitizing Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF) characters. If an attacker can control the realm value, they can inject arbitrary HTTP headers or split the HTTP response entirely. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache CXF |
Affected:
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(semver)
Affected: 0 , < 4.1.7 (semver) |
Credits
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CVE-2026-7010 (GCVE-0-2026-7010)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 21:14 – Updated: 2026-05-12 14:45
VLAI
Title
HTTP::Tiny versions before 0.093 for Perl do not validate CRLF in HTTP request lines or control field header values
Summary
HTTP::Tiny versions before 0.093 for Perl do not validate CRLF in HTTP request lines or control field header values.
The unvalidated inputs are the method and URI in the request line, the URL host that becomes the `Host:` header, and HTTP/1.1 control data field values.
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Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HAARG | HTTP::Tiny |
Affected:
0 , < 0.093
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"assignerOrgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
"assignerShortName": "CPANSec",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-7010",
"datePublished": "2026-05-11T21:14:20.581Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-25T09:18:30.030Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T14:45:06.662Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Construct HTTP headers very carefully, avoiding the use of non-validated input data.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. If an input does not strictly conform to specifications, reject it or transform it into something that conforms.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-30
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting
['An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to split a single HTTP request into multiple unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).', 'See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.']
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting
['An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content, in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server) or into an already spoofed HTTP response from an adversary controlled domain/site.', 'See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.']
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.