CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
464 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2CM2-8Q39-H9QP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-12 18:31In onCreate of multiple files, there is a possible way to trick the user into granting health permissions due to tapjacking. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T21:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onCreate of multiple files, there is a possible way to trick the user into granting health permissions due to tapjacking. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-2cm2-8q39-h9qp",
"modified": "2024-07-12T18:31:47Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/HealthFitness/+/c4e13d15e8dd1df1bd827117d1a74c187ed2b3c2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2CVW-44HJ-3WXW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 00:31In addWindow of WindowManagerService.java, there is a possible tapjacking issue due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28577"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T22:16:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In addWindow of WindowManagerService.java, there is a possible tapjacking issue due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-2cvw-44hj-3wxw",
"modified": "2026-06-02T00:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T00:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2F3X-882C-9GH6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2023-02-01 18:30In onCreate of MasterClearConfirmFragment.java, there is a possible factory reset due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12Android ID: A-183794206
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In onCreate of MasterClearConfirmFragment.java, there is a possible factory reset due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12Android ID: A-183794206",
"id": "GHSA-2f3x-882c-9gh6",
"modified": "2023-02-01T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-01-26T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/aaos/2023-01-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2F4V-4H68-M25J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-08 03:30 – Updated: 2025-01-08 03:30Cross-process screen stack vulnerability in the UIExtension module Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-08T02:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-process screen stack vulnerability in the UIExtension module\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-2f4v-4h68-m25j",
"modified": "2025-01-08T03:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-01-08T03:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2025/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HCH-W9V3-P885
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-15 00:03In Ultimaker S3 3D printer, Ultimaker S5 3D printer, Ultimaker 3 3D printer S-line through 6.3 and Ultimaker 3 through 5.2.16, the local webserver can be used for clickjacking. This includes the settings page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-10T14:10:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Ultimaker S3 3D printer, Ultimaker S5 3D printer, Ultimaker 3 3D printer S-line through 6.3 and Ultimaker 3 through 5.2.16, the local webserver can be used for clickjacking. This includes the settings page.",
"id": "GHSA-2hch-w9v3-p885",
"modified": "2022-01-15T00:03:33Z",
"published": "2022-01-11T00:01:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1623489/FULLTEXT01.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ultimaker.com/3d-printers/ultimaker-s3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ultimaker.com/3d-printers/ultimaker-s5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2HR5-6QWP-R4JJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:08vBulletin before 5.5.4 allows clickjacking.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-04T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "vBulletin before 5.5.4 allows clickjacking.",
"id": "GHSA-2hr5-6qwp-r4jj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:08:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.vbulletin.com/forum/vbulletin-announcements/vbulletin-announcements_aa/4421373-vbulletin-connect-5-5-4-is-now-available-for-download"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2J5J-7JPR-WHQC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-06-03 00:00An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.0.1, Safari 13.1.2. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9942"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.0.1, Safari 13.1.2. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.",
"id": "GHSA-2j5j-7jpr-whqc",
"modified": "2022-06-03T00:00:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Dec/32"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MPV-2J92-5MM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-19 15:30 – Updated: 2023-12-22 12:31The timing of a button click causing a popup to disappear was approximately the same length as the anti-clickjacking delay on permission prompts. It was possible to use this fact to surprise users by luring them to click where the permission grant button would be about to appear. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 115.6 and Firefox < 121.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6867"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-19T14:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The timing of a button click causing a popup to disappear was approximately the same length as the anti-clickjacking delay on permission prompts. It was possible to use this fact to surprise users by luring them to click where the permission grant button would be about to appear. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 115.6 and Firefox \u003c 121.",
"id": "GHSA-2mpv-2j92-5mm4",
"modified": "2023-12-22T12:31:46Z",
"published": "2023-12-19T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1863863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-56"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2P62-W27Q-9G83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02A UI misrepresentation vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed more permissions to be granted during a GitHub App's user-authorization web flow than was displayed to the user during approval. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to create a GitHub App on the instance and have a user authorize the application through the web authentication flow. All permissions being granted would properly be shown during the first authorization, but in certain circumstances, if the user revisits the authorization flow after the GitHub App has configured additional user-level permissions, those additional permissions may not be shown, leading to more permissions being granted than the user potentially intended. This vulnerability affected GitHub Enterprise Server 3.0.x prior to 3.0.7 and 2.22.x prior to 2.22.13. It was fixed in versions 3.0.7 and 2.22.13. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A UI misrepresentation vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed more permissions to be granted during a GitHub App\u0027s user-authorization web flow than was displayed to the user during approval. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to create a GitHub App on the instance and have a user authorize the application through the web authentication flow. All permissions being granted would properly be shown during the first authorization, but in certain circumstances, if the user revisits the authorization flow after the GitHub App has configured additional user-level permissions, those additional permissions may not be shown, leading to more permissions being granted than the user potentially intended. This vulnerability affected GitHub Enterprise Server 3.0.x prior to 3.0.7 and 2.22.x prior to 2.22.13. It was fixed in versions 3.0.7 and 2.22.13. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.",
"id": "GHSA-2p62-w27q-9g83",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@2.22/admin/release-notes#2.22.13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.0/admin/release-notes#3.0.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2PJX-V75H-827M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34An improper implementation of the new iframe sandbox keyword allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation could lead to script execution without allow-scripts being present. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 91.9, Firefox ESR < 91.9, and Firefox < 100.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29911"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper implementation of the new iframe sandbox keyword \u003ccode\u003eallow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\u003c/code\u003e could lead to script execution without \u003ccode\u003eallow-scripts\u003c/code\u003e being present. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 91.9, Firefox ESR \u003c 91.9, and Firefox \u003c 100.",
"id": "GHSA-2pjx-v75h-827m",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:08Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1761981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.