CWE-918
AllowedServer-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
4738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2017-11149 (GCVE-0-2017-11149)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-08-14 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 20:41- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (CWE-918)
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.synology.com/en-global/support/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synology | Synology Download Station |
Affected:
3.8.x before 3.8.5-3475 and 3.x before 3.5-2984
|
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CVE-2017-11148 (GCVE-0-2017-11148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-08-11 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:47- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (CWE-918)
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100310 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://www.synology.com/en-global/support/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synology | Synology Chat |
Affected:
before 1.1.0-0806
|
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CVE-2017-6036 (GCVE-0-2017-6036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-06-30 02:35 – Updated: 2024-08-05 15:18| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-026-02A | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Belden Hirschmann GECKO |
Affected:
Belden Hirschmann GECKO
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CVE-2017-0907 (GCVE-0-2017-0907)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-11-13 17:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 23:00- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (CWE-918)
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/288635 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/recurly/recurly-client-net/com… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://dev.recurly.com/page/net-updates | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recurly | recurly-api-client .NET library |
Affected:
Versions before 1.0.1, 1.1.10, 1.2.8, 1.3.2, 1.4.14, 1.5.3, 1.6.2, 1.7.1, 1.8.1
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CVE-2017-0906 (GCVE-0-2017-0906)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-11-13 17:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:50- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (CWE-918)
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/288635 | x_refsource_MISC |
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| https://dev.recurly.com/page/python-updates | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recurly | recurly python module |
Affected:
Versions before 2.0.5, 2.1.16, 2.2.22, 2.3.1, 2.4.5, 2.5.1, 2.6.2
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CVE-2017-0905 (GCVE-0-2017-0905)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-11-13 17:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 23:56- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (CWE-918)
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://dev.recurly.com/page/ruby-updates | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/288635 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/recurly/recurly-client-ruby/co… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recurly | recurly ruby gem |
Affected:
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CVE-2017-0889 (GCVE-0-2017-0889)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-11-13 17:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:21- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (CWE-918)
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/209430 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/thoughtbot/paperclip/pull/2435 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/713 | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| thoughtbot | paperclip ruby gem |
Affected:
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CVE-2012-10018 (GCVE-0-2012-10018)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 06:43 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:55- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sekler | Mapplic Lite |
Affected:
0 , < 1.0.1
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|
|
| sekler | Mapplic - Custom Interactive Map WordPress Plugin |
Affected:
0 , < 6.2
(semver)
|
|
| mapplic | mapplic |
Affected:
0 , < 6.2
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:mapplic:mapplic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| mapplic | mapplic_lite |
Affected:
0 , < 1.0.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:mapplic:mapplic_lite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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GHSA-223J-W649-GH98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Alex Content Mask allows Server Side Request Forgery. This issue affects Content Mask: from n/a through 1.8.5.2.
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GHSA-226F-F24G-524W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 14:10 – Updated: 2026-06-17 14:10Summary
backend/open_webui/utils/oauth.py::_process_picture_url (v0.9.5, lines 1435-1470) calls validate_url(picture_url) on the initial URL only, then invokes aiohttp.ClientSession.get(picture_url, ...) without allow_redirects=False. aiohttp's default is allow_redirects=True, max_redirects=10; the function does not pass the project's AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS env constant either. An attacker with a valid OAuth IdP identity can therefore submit a public URL that 302-redirects to an internal address and read the internal response body via the attacker's own profile_image_url field.
This is the same redirect-bypass class as CVE-2026-45401 (GHSA-rh5x-h6pp-cjj6), on a 6th call site that the v0.9.5 patch missed. CVE-2026-45401's advisory body enumerates exactly five affected paths — SafeWebBaseLoader._scrape, _fetch, get_content_from_url, load_url_image, get_image_base64_from_url — none in utils/oauth.py.
Vulnerable code (v0.9.5)
backend/open_webui/utils/oauth.py, lines 1435-1470:
async def _process_picture_url(self, picture_url: str, access_token: str = None) -> str:
if not picture_url:
return '/user.png'
try:
validate_url(picture_url) # initial URL only
get_kwargs = {}
if access_token:
get_kwargs['headers'] = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {access_token}'}
async with aiohttp.ClientSession(trust_env=True) as session:
async with session.get(picture_url, **get_kwargs,
ssl=AIOHTTP_CLIENT_SESSION_SSL) as resp:
# ^^^^^^^^^^^ no allow_redirects=False
if resp.ok:
picture = await resp.read()
base64_encoded_picture = base64.b64encode(picture).decode('utf-8')
guessed_mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(picture_url)[0]
if guessed_mime_type is None:
guessed_mime_type = 'image/jpeg'
return f'data:{guessed_mime_type};base64,{base64_encoded_picture}'
...
The function is invoked at oauth.py:1556 (new-user OAuth signup) and oauth.py:1536 (existing-user picture update on login). Neither call site re-validates after redirect-following.
backend/open_webui/retrieval/web/utils.py (v0.9.5) imports the env constant AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS at line 51 and uses it on the five paths patched by CVE-2026-45401. utils/oauth.py does not import or reference it.
Exploitation
Preconditions:
- ENABLE_OAUTH_SIGNUP=true or OAUTH_UPDATE_PICTURE_ON_LOGIN=true (common in production OAuth-IdP deployments)
- Attacker has a valid identity on the configured OAuth IdP (Google, Microsoft, GitHub, or any generic OIDC provider)
Steps:
- Attacker hosts a redirect endpoint at
http://attacker.example/ron a public IP.validate_url("http://attacker.example/r")returns True (is_global=Truefor public IPs). - Attacker sets their IdP
pictureclaim tohttp://attacker.example/r. - Attacker signs in to open-webui via OAuth. open-webui invokes
_process_picture_url("http://attacker.example/r", ...). validate_urlaccepts the public URL.session.get("http://attacker.example/r")is invoked.- attacker.example responds
HTTP/1.1 302 Found\r\nLocation: http://127.0.0.1:11434/api/tags. (Orhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/, RFC1918 internal services, etc.) - aiohttp follows the redirect server-side. No re-validation.
- The internal response body is read into
picture, base64-encoded, and stored asprofile_image_url = "data:image/jpeg;base64,..."on the attacker's account. - Attacker reads back via
GET /api/v1/auths/. Decode the base64 payload to get the full internal response body.
Impact
Full-read SSRF, identical read-back primitive to CVE-2026-45338:
- Cloud metadata services (AWS IMDSv1 at
169.254.169.254, GCPmetadata.google.internal, Azure IMDS) → IAM credentials, managed-identity tokens - Localhost-bound services (Ollama at
:11434, Redis, Elasticsearch, internal Postgres exporters) - RFC1918 internal infrastructure not exposed to the internet
Distinction from prior CVEs
| Prior CVE | This finding | Distinguishing fact |
|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-45338 (GHSA-24c9) | _process_picture_url had no validate_url() call at all |
Fixed in v0.9.0 by adding the call. Ours is the call being insufficient because it doesn't loop over redirect targets. Different mechanism, different fix. |
| CVE-2026-45400 (GHSA-8w7q) | validate_url() had urlparse-vs-requests parser disagreement on \@ chars |
Fixed in v0.9.5 by char-blocklist. Ours is post-validation redirect-following — orthogonal mechanism. |
| CVE-2026-45401 (GHSA-rh5x) | Five paths in retrieval, routers/images, utils/files, utils/middleware | Parent class. Same CWE-918 redirect-bypass mechanism. utils/oauth.py::_process_picture_url is not among the five paths in the parent advisory's "Affected code paths" section. Same class, missed sink. Direct sibling. |
Suggested fix
async with session.get(
picture_url,
**get_kwargs,
ssl=AIOHTTP_CLIENT_SESSION_SSL,
allow_redirects=AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS, # add
) as resp:
Or, if redirects must remain enabled by default, wrap in a manual-follow loop that re-invokes validate_url() on each Location header. This mirrors the fix shape applied to the five paths in CVE-2026-45401.
Affected versions
Vulnerable: <= 0.9.5
Fix: 0.9.6
References
- CVE-2026-45401 / GHSA-rh5x-h6pp-cjj6 (parent cluster, redirect-bypass on 5 paths)
- CVE-2026-45338 / GHSA-24c9-2m8q-qhmh (original
_process_picture_urlSSRF, patched v0.9.0) - CVE-2026-45400 / GHSA-8w7q-q5jp-jvgx (
validate_urlparser-disagreement bypass, patched v0.9.5) - open-webui issue #24560 (corroborates that the v0.9.5 redirect-fix was applied piecemeal across call sites)
Proof of Concept
End-to-end PoC executed against ghcr.io/open-webui/open-webui:v0.9.5 in Docker compose. Three services: attacker (OIDC IdP + 302-redirect endpoint on evil.example.com:9001/redirect), canary (internal target on internal-target.local:9002/sentinel), open-webui v0.9.5.
Fresh-CSPRNG sentinel generated after OAuth state-establishing call (per Gate 5.5 oracle protocol): SSRF-POC-5580111b2a0d7d0c8324bfa92a0d9d09.
Result:
- profile_image_url field after OAuth login: data:image/jpeg;base64,U1NSRi1QT0MtNTU4MDExMWIyYTBkN2QwYzgzMjRiZmE5MmEwZDlkMDk=
- Base64 decode: SSRF-POC-5580111b2a0d7d0c8324bfa92a0d9d09 (byte-for-byte sentinel match)
- Canary log: !!! SSRF HIT - sentinel served
Chain confirmed: OAuth login → IdP returns picture claim evil.example.com:9001/redirect → validate_url() accepts FQDN → aiohttp.ClientSession.get(...) follows 302 to internal-target.local:9002/sentinel server-side without re-validation → response body base64-encoded into attacker's profile_image_url → readable via GET /api/v1/auths/.
PoC artifacts (compose, attacker server, canary, run/verify scripts, full transcript) available on request.
Reporter
Matteo Panzeri — GitHub: matte1782, contact: matteo1782@gmail.com. Requesting CVE credit as Matteo Panzeri.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.9.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "open-webui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-54008"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-17T14:10:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`backend/open_webui/utils/oauth.py::_process_picture_url` (v0.9.5, lines 1435-1470) calls `validate_url(picture_url)` on the initial URL only, then invokes `aiohttp.ClientSession.get(picture_url, ...)` without `allow_redirects=False`. aiohttp\u0027s default is `allow_redirects=True, max_redirects=10`; the function does not pass the project\u0027s `AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS` env constant either. An attacker with a valid OAuth IdP identity can therefore submit a public URL that 302-redirects to an internal address and read the internal response body via the attacker\u0027s own `profile_image_url` field.\n\nThis is the same redirect-bypass class as CVE-2026-45401 (GHSA-rh5x-h6pp-cjj6), on a 6th call site that the v0.9.5 patch missed. CVE-2026-45401\u0027s advisory body enumerates exactly five affected paths \u00e2\u20ac\u201d `SafeWebBaseLoader._scrape`, `_fetch`, `get_content_from_url`, `load_url_image`, `get_image_base64_from_url` \u00e2\u20ac\u201d none in `utils/oauth.py`.\n\n## Vulnerable code (v0.9.5)\n\n`backend/open_webui/utils/oauth.py`, lines 1435-1470:\n\n```python\nasync def _process_picture_url(self, picture_url: str, access_token: str = None) -\u003e str:\n if not picture_url:\n return \u0027/user.png\u0027\n try:\n validate_url(picture_url) # initial URL only\n\n get_kwargs = {}\n if access_token:\n get_kwargs[\u0027headers\u0027] = {\u0027Authorization\u0027: f\u0027Bearer {access_token}\u0027}\n async with aiohttp.ClientSession(trust_env=True) as session:\n async with session.get(picture_url, **get_kwargs,\n ssl=AIOHTTP_CLIENT_SESSION_SSL) as resp:\n # ^^^^^^^^^^^ no allow_redirects=False\n if resp.ok:\n picture = await resp.read()\n base64_encoded_picture = base64.b64encode(picture).decode(\u0027utf-8\u0027)\n guessed_mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(picture_url)[0]\n if guessed_mime_type is None:\n guessed_mime_type = \u0027image/jpeg\u0027\n return f\u0027data:{guessed_mime_type};base64,{base64_encoded_picture}\u0027\n ...\n```\n\nThe function is invoked at `oauth.py:1556` (new-user OAuth signup) and `oauth.py:1536` (existing-user picture update on login). Neither call site re-validates after redirect-following.\n\n`backend/open_webui/retrieval/web/utils.py` (v0.9.5) imports the env constant `AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS` at line 51 and uses it on the five paths patched by CVE-2026-45401. `utils/oauth.py` does not import or reference it.\n\n## Exploitation\n\n**Preconditions:**\n- `ENABLE_OAUTH_SIGNUP=true` or `OAUTH_UPDATE_PICTURE_ON_LOGIN=true` (common in production OAuth-IdP deployments)\n- Attacker has a valid identity on the configured OAuth IdP (Google, Microsoft, GitHub, or any generic OIDC provider)\n\n**Steps:**\n\n1. Attacker hosts a redirect endpoint at `http://attacker.example/r` on a public IP. `validate_url(\"http://attacker.example/r\")` returns True (`is_global=True` for public IPs).\n2. Attacker sets their IdP `picture` claim to `http://attacker.example/r`.\n3. Attacker signs in to open-webui via OAuth. open-webui invokes `_process_picture_url(\"http://attacker.example/r\", ...)`.\n4. `validate_url` accepts the public URL. `session.get(\"http://attacker.example/r\")` is invoked.\n5. attacker.example responds `HTTP/1.1 302 Found\\r\\nLocation: http://127.0.0.1:11434/api/tags`. (Or `http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/`, RFC1918 internal services, etc.)\n6. aiohttp follows the redirect server-side. **No re-validation.**\n7. The internal response body is read into `picture`, base64-encoded, and stored as `profile_image_url = \"data:image/jpeg;base64,...\"` on the attacker\u0027s account.\n8. Attacker reads back via `GET /api/v1/auths/`. Decode the base64 payload to get the full internal response body.\n\n## Impact\n\nFull-read SSRF, identical read-back primitive to CVE-2026-45338:\n\n- Cloud metadata services (AWS IMDSv1 at `169.254.169.254`, GCP `metadata.google.internal`, Azure IMDS) \u00e2\u2020\u2019 IAM credentials, managed-identity tokens\n- Localhost-bound services (Ollama at `:11434`, Redis, Elasticsearch, internal Postgres exporters)\n- RFC1918 internal infrastructure not exposed to the internet\n\n## Distinction from prior CVEs\n\n| Prior CVE | This finding | Distinguishing fact |\n|---|---|---|\n| CVE-2026-45338 (GHSA-24c9) | `_process_picture_url` had no `validate_url()` call at all | Fixed in v0.9.0 by adding the call. Ours is the call being insufficient because it doesn\u0027t loop over redirect targets. Different mechanism, different fix. |\n| CVE-2026-45400 (GHSA-8w7q) | `validate_url()` had urlparse-vs-requests parser disagreement on `\\@` chars | Fixed in v0.9.5 by char-blocklist. Ours is post-validation redirect-following \u00e2\u20ac\u201d orthogonal mechanism. |\n| CVE-2026-45401 (GHSA-rh5x) | Five paths in retrieval, routers/images, utils/files, utils/middleware | Parent class. Same CWE-918 redirect-bypass mechanism. `utils/oauth.py::_process_picture_url` is not among the five paths in the parent advisory\u0027s \"Affected code paths\" section. Same class, missed sink. Direct sibling. |\n\n## Suggested fix\n\n```python\nasync with session.get(\n picture_url,\n **get_kwargs,\n ssl=AIOHTTP_CLIENT_SESSION_SSL,\n allow_redirects=AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS, # add\n) as resp:\n```\n\nOr, if redirects must remain enabled by default, wrap in a manual-follow loop that re-invokes `validate_url()` on each `Location` header. This mirrors the fix shape applied to the five paths in CVE-2026-45401.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nVulnerable: `\u003c= 0.9.5`\nFix: 0.9.6\n\n## References\n\n- CVE-2026-45401 / GHSA-rh5x-h6pp-cjj6 (parent cluster, redirect-bypass on 5 paths)\n- CVE-2026-45338 / GHSA-24c9-2m8q-qhmh (original `_process_picture_url` SSRF, patched v0.9.0)\n- CVE-2026-45400 / GHSA-8w7q-q5jp-jvgx (`validate_url` parser-disagreement bypass, patched v0.9.5)\n- open-webui issue #24560 (corroborates that the v0.9.5 redirect-fix was applied piecemeal across call sites)\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nEnd-to-end PoC executed against `ghcr.io/open-webui/open-webui:v0.9.5` in Docker compose. Three services: attacker (OIDC IdP + 302-redirect endpoint on `evil.example.com:9001/redirect`), canary (internal target on `internal-target.local:9002/sentinel`), open-webui v0.9.5.\n\nFresh-CSPRNG sentinel generated **after** OAuth state-establishing call (per Gate 5.5 oracle protocol): `SSRF-POC-5580111b2a0d7d0c8324bfa92a0d9d09`.\n\nResult:\n- `profile_image_url` field after OAuth login: `data:image/jpeg;base64,U1NSRi1QT0MtNTU4MDExMWIyYTBkN2QwYzgzMjRiZmE5MmEwZDlkMDk=`\n- Base64 decode: `SSRF-POC-5580111b2a0d7d0c8324bfa92a0d9d09` (byte-for-byte sentinel match)\n- Canary log: `!!! SSRF HIT - sentinel served`\n\nChain confirmed: OAuth login \u00e2\u2020\u2019 IdP returns picture claim `evil.example.com:9001/redirect` \u00e2\u2020\u2019 `validate_url()` accepts FQDN \u00e2\u2020\u2019 `aiohttp.ClientSession.get(...)` follows 302 to `internal-target.local:9002/sentinel` server-side without re-validation \u00e2\u2020\u2019 response body base64-encoded into attacker\u0027s `profile_image_url` \u00e2\u2020\u2019 readable via `GET /api/v1/auths/`.\n\nPoC artifacts (compose, attacker server, canary, run/verify scripts, full transcript) available on request.\n\n## Reporter\n\nMatteo Panzeri \u00e2\u20ac\u201d GitHub: `matte1782`, contact: `matteo1782@gmail.com`. Requesting CVE credit as **Matteo Panzeri**.",
"id": "GHSA-226f-f24g-524w",
"modified": "2026-06-17T14:10:56Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T14:10:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-226f-f24g-524w"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open WebUI: Redirect-Bypass SSRF in OAuth `_process_picture_url` (incomplete-fix sibling of CVE-2026-45401)"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-664: Server Side Request Forgery
An adversary exploits improper input validation by submitting maliciously crafted input to a target application running on a server, with the goal of forcing the server to make a request either to itself, to web services running in the server’s internal network, or to external third parties. If successful, the adversary’s request will be made with the server’s privilege level, bypassing its authentication controls. This ultimately allows the adversary to access sensitive data, execute commands on the server’s network, and make external requests with the stolen identity of the server. Server Side Request Forgery attacks differ from Cross Site Request Forgery attacks in that they target the server itself, whereas CSRF attacks exploit an insecure user authentication mechanism to perform unauthorized actions on the user's behalf.