Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-89
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
27439 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2022-21661 (GCVE-0-2022-21661)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-06 22:50 – Updated: 2024-09-09 14:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SQL injection in WordPress
Summary
WordPress is a free and open-source content management system written in PHP and paired with a MariaDB database. Due to improper sanitization in WP_Query, there can be cases where SQL injection is possible through plugins or themes that use it in a certain way. This has been patched in WordPress version 5.8.3. Older affected versions are also fixed via security release, that go back till 3.7.37. We strongly recommend that you keep auto-updates enabled. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://wordpress.org/news/2022/01/wordpress-5-8-… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5039 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50663 | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165540/WordP… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/understand… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WordPress | wordpress-develop |
Affected:
< 5.8.3
|
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CVE-2022-21644 (GCVE-0-2022-21644)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-04 20:00 – Updated: 2025-04-23 19:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SQL Injection via search in USOC
Summary
USOC is an open source CMS with a focus on simplicity. In affected versions USOC allows for SQL injection via usersearch.php. In search terms provided by the user were not sanitized and were used directly to construct a sql statement. The only users permitted to search are site admins. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. There are not workarounds for this issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Aaron-Junker/USOC/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Aaron-Junker/USOC/commit/06217… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aaron-Junker | USOC |
Affected:
< Pb2.4Bfx2
|
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CVE-2022-21643 (GCVE-0-2022-21643)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-04 19:55 – Updated: 2025-04-23 19:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SQL Injection in USOC
Summary
USOC is an open source CMS with a focus on simplicity. In affected versions USOC allows for SQL injection via register.php. In particular usernames, email addresses, and passwords provided by the user were not sanitized and were used directly to construct a sql statement. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. There are not workarounds for this issue.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Aaron-Junker/USOC/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Aaron-Junker/USOC/commit/21e8b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aaron-Junker | USOC |
Affected:
< Pb2.4Bfx2
|
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CVE-2022-21234 (GCVE-0-2022-21234)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An SQL injection vulnerability exists in the EchoAssets.aspx functionality of Lansweeper lansweeper 9.1.20.2. A specially-crafted HTTP request can cause SQL injection. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.lansweeper.com/changelog/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lansweeper | lansweeper |
Affected:
9.1.20.2
|
Date Public
2022-02-28 00:00
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CVE-2022-21210 (GCVE-0-2022-21210)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An SQL injection vulnerability exists in the AssetActions.aspx functionality of Lansweeper lansweeper 9.1.20.2. A specially-crafted HTTP request can cause SQL injection. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.lansweeper.com/changelog/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lansweeper | lansweeper |
Affected:
9.1.20.2
|
Date Public
2022-02-28 00:00
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CVE-2022-21176 (GCVE-0-2022-21176)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-18 17:50 – Updated: 2025-04-16 16:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Airspan Networks Mimosa SQL Injection
Summary
MMP: All versions prior to v1.0.3, PTP C-series: Device versions prior to v2.8.6.1, and PTMP C-series and A5x: Device versions prior to v2.5.4.1 does not properly sanitize user input, which may allow an attacker to perform a SQL injection and obtain sensitive information.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - SQL Injection
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-2… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Airspan Networks | MMP |
Affected:
unspecified , < v1.0.3
(custom)
|
|
| Airspan Networks | PTP C-series |
Affected:
unspecified , < v2.8.6.1
(custom)
|
|
| Airspan Networks | PTMP C-series and A5x |
Affected:
unspecified , < v2.5.4.1
(custom)
|
Date Public
2022-02-03 00:00
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CVE-2022-20867 (GCVE-0-2022-20867)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-03 19:28 – Updated: 2024-11-20 14:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in web-based management interface of the of Cisco Email Security Appliance and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks as root on an affected system. The attacker must have the credentials of a high-privileged user account.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-submitted parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the application and sending malicious requests to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain data or modify data that is stored in the underlying database of the affected system.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Email |
Affected:
13.0.0-392
Affected: 13.5.1-277 Affected: 12.5.0-066 Affected: 14.0.0-698 Affected: 14.2.0-620 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager |
Affected:
12.0.1-011
Affected: 12.5.0-636 Affected: 12.5.0-658 Affected: 12.5.0-678 Affected: 12.5.0-670 Affected: 13.0.0-277 Affected: 13.6.2-078 Affected: 13.8.1-068 Affected: 13.8.1-074 Affected: 12.8.1-002 Affected: 14.0.0-404 Affected: 14.1.0-223 Affected: 14.1.0-227 |
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CVE-2022-20786 (GCVE-0-2022-20786)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-21 18:50 – Updated: 2024-11-06 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service SQL Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service (Unified CM IM&P) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-submitted parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the application and sending malicious requests to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain data or modify data that is stored in the underlying database of the affected system.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2022-04-20 00:00
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CVE-2022-4984 (GCVE-0-2022-4984)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 19:37 – Updated: 2026-05-14 02:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ZenTao Biz < 6.5, Max < 3.0, & Open Source Edition 16.5/16.5beta1 SQL Injection via user-login.html
Summary
ZenTao Biz < 6.5, ZenTao Max < 3.0, ZenTao Open Source Edition < 16.5, and ZenTao Open Source Edition < 16.5.beta1 contain an SQL injection vulnerability in the login functionality. The application does not properly validate the account parameter on /zentao/user-login.html before using it in a database query. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this issue to execute crafted SQL expressions and retrieve sensitive information from the backend database, including user and application data. Exploitation evidence was observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-02-07 UTC.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2022-42853 | government-resourcevdb-entry |
| https://www.zentao.pm/download/zentao-community-e… | patch |
| https://www.zentao.pm/download/zentao-community-e… | patch |
| https://www.zentao.pm/download/zentao-community-e… | patch |
| https://www.zentao.pm/download/zentao-community-e… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zentao-biz-m… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qingdao Esoft Tianchuang Network Technology Co., Ltd. | ZenTao Biz |
Affected:
0 , < 6.5
(custom)
|
|
| Qingdao Esoft Tianchuang Network Technology Co., Ltd. | ZenTao Max |
Affected:
0 , < 3.0
(custom)
|
|
| Qingdao Esoft Tianchuang Network Technology Co., Ltd. | ZenTao Open Source Edition |
Affected:
0 , < 16.5
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 16.5.beta1 (custom) |
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CVE-2022-4963 (GCVE-0-2022-4963)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-20 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-20 17:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Folio Spring Module Core Schema Name HibernateSchemaService.java dropSchema sql injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Folio Spring Module Core up to 1.1.5. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function dropSchema of the file tenant/src/main/java/org/folio/spring/tenant/hibernate/HibernateSchemaService.java of the component Schema Name Handler. The manipulation leads to sql injection. Upgrading to version 2.0.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is d374a5f77e6b58e36f0e0e4419be18b95edcd7ff. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257516.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-89 - SQL Injection
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.257516 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257516 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/folio-org/spring-module-core/pull/39 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/folio-org/spring-module-core/c… | patch |
| https://github.com/folio-org/spring-module-core/r… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Folio | Spring Module Core |
Affected:
1.1.0
Affected: 1.1.1 Affected: 1.1.2 Affected: 1.1.3 Affected: 1.1.4 Affected: 1.1.5 |
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Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
- Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
- Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
- When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection
An attacker leverages a weakness present in the database access layer code generated with an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) tool or a weakness in the way that a developer used a persistence framework to inject their own SQL commands to be executed against the underlying database. The attack here is similar to plain SQL injection, except that the application does not use JDBC to directly talk to the database, but instead it uses a data access layer generated by an ORM tool or framework (e.g. Hibernate). While most of the time code generated by an ORM tool contains safe access methods that are immune to SQL injection, sometimes either due to some weakness in the generated code or due to the fact that the developer failed to use the generated access methods properly, SQL injection is still possible.
CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering
An attacker modifies the parameters of the SOAP message that is sent from the service consumer to the service provider to initiate a SQL injection attack. On the service provider side, the SOAP message is parsed and parameters are not properly validated before being used to access a database in a way that does not use parameter binding, thus enabling the attacker to control the structure of the executed SQL query. This pattern describes a SQL injection attack with the delivery mechanism being a SOAP message.
CAPEC-470: Expanding Control over the Operating System from the Database
An attacker is able to leverage access gained to the database to read / write data to the file system, compromise the operating system, create a tunnel for accessing the host machine, and use this access to potentially attack other machines on the same network as the database machine. Traditionally SQL injections attacks are viewed as a way to gain unauthorized read access to the data stored in the database, modify the data in the database, delete the data, etc. However, almost every data base management system (DBMS) system includes facilities that if compromised allow an attacker complete access to the file system, operating system, and full access to the host running the database. The attacker can then use this privileged access to launch subsequent attacks. These facilities include dropping into a command shell, creating user defined functions that can call system level libraries present on the host machine, stored procedures, etc.
CAPEC-66: SQL Injection
This attack exploits target software that constructs SQL statements based on user input. An attacker crafts input strings so that when the target software constructs SQL statements based on the input, the resulting SQL statement performs actions other than those the application intended. SQL Injection results from failure of the application to appropriately validate input.
CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection
Blind SQL Injection results from an insufficient mitigation for SQL Injection. Although suppressing database error messages are considered best practice, the suppression alone is not sufficient to prevent SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a form of SQL Injection that overcomes the lack of error messages. Without the error messages that facilitate SQL Injection, the adversary constructs input strings that probe the target through simple Boolean SQL expressions. The adversary can determine if the syntax and structure of the injection was successful based on whether the query was executed or not. Applied iteratively, the adversary determines how and where the target is vulnerable to SQL Injection.