Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-863
Allowed-with-ReviewIncorrect Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check.
5841 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5WVF-7FQ8-M4W6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-07 12:31 – Updated: 2025-03-17 09:31
VLAI
Details
Incorrect User Management vulnerability in Naukowa i Akademicka Sieć Komputerowa - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy EZD RP allows logged-in user to list all users in the system, including those from other organizations. This issue affects EZD RP: from 15 before 15.84, from 16 before 16.15, from 17 before 17.2.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-286",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-07T11:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect User Management vulnerability in Naukowa i Akademicka Sie\u0107 Komputerowa - Pa\u0144stwowy Instytut Badawczy EZD RP allows logged-in user to list all users in the system, including those from other organizations.\u00a0This issue affects EZD RP: from 15 before 15.84, from 16 before 16.15, from 17 before 17.2.",
"id": "GHSA-5wvf-7fq8-m4w6",
"modified": "2025-03-17T09:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-08-07T12:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2024/08/CVE-2023-7265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2024/08/CVE-2024-7265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2024/08/CVE-2023-7265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2024/08/CVE-2024-7265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/ezd-rp"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:A/V:D/RE:L/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WW6-4GGH-RHRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-06 03:30
VLAI
Details
The Reales WP STPT plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized user registration in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to the 'reales_user_signup_form' AJAX action not verifying if user registration is enabled, prior to registering a user. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create new user accounts, which can be leveraged with CVE-XX to achieve privilege escalation.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T03:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Reales WP STPT plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized user registration in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to the \u0027reales_user_signup_form\u0027 AJAX action not verifying if user registration is enabled, prior to registering a user. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create new user accounts, which can be leveraged with CVE-XX to achieve privilege escalation.",
"id": "GHSA-5ww6-4ggh-rhrp",
"modified": "2025-05-06T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-05-06T03:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/reales-wp-real-estate-wordpress-theme/10330568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f9f3250f-39a1-4ba1-b9a2-222926635ca0?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5X29-9RQX-55M2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-15 21:31
VLAI
Details
Vulnerability in the Unified Audit component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.27, 21.3-21.18 and 23.4-23.8. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker having Create User privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise Unified Audit. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Unified Audit accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 2.4 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30750"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-15T20:15:29Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Unified Audit component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.27, 21.3-21.18 and 23.4-23.8. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker having Create User privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise Unified Audit. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Unified Audit accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 2.4 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-5x29-9rqx-55m2",
"modified": "2025-07-15T21:31:39Z",
"published": "2025-07-15T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5XC6-PMR2-QJ78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-21 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:30
VLAI
Details
The OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set (CRS) is affected by a partial rule set bypass for HTTP multipart requests by submitting a payload that uses a character encoding scheme via the Content-Type or the deprecated Content-Transfer-Encoding multipart MIME header fields that will not be decoded and inspected by the web application firewall engine and the rule set. The multipart payload will therefore bypass detection. A vulnerable backend that supports these encoding schemes can potentially be exploited. The legacy CRS versions 3.0.x and 3.1.x are affected, as well as the currently supported versions 3.2.1 and 3.3.2. Integrators and users are advised upgrade to 3.2.2 and 3.3.3 respectively. The mitigation against these vulnerabilities depends on the installation of the latest ModSecurity version (v2.9.6 / v3.0.8).
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-20T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set (CRS) is affected by a partial rule set bypass for HTTP multipart requests by submitting a payload that uses a character encoding scheme via the Content-Type or the deprecated Content-Transfer-Encoding multipart MIME header fields that will not be decoded and inspected by the web application firewall engine and the rule set. The multipart payload will therefore bypass detection. A vulnerable backend that supports these encoding schemes can potentially be exploited. The legacy CRS versions 3.0.x and 3.1.x are affected, as well as the currently supported versions 3.2.1 and 3.3.2. Integrators and users are advised upgrade to 3.2.2 and 3.3.3 respectively. The mitigation against these vulnerabilities depends on the installation of the latest ModSecurity version (v2.9.6 / v3.0.8).",
"id": "GHSA-5xc6-pmr2-qj78",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:30:43Z",
"published": "2022-09-21T00:00:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://coreruleset.org/20220919/crs-version-3-3-3-and-3-2-2-covering-several-cves"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00033.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HL2L2GF7GOCWPMJZDUE5OXDSXHGG3XUJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PD56EAYNGB6E6QQH62LAYCONOP6OH5DZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YPQ6CCMX3MU4A7MTCGQJA7VMJW3IQDXV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HL2L2GF7GOCWPMJZDUE5OXDSXHGG3XUJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PD56EAYNGB6E6QQH62LAYCONOP6OH5DZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YPQ6CCMX3MU4A7MTCGQJA7VMJW3IQDXV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-25"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5XJ6-QF3F-5QCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:05 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33
VLAI
Details
Pandora FMS 7.x suffers from remote code execution vulnerability. With an authenticated user who can modify the alert system, it is possible to define and execute Commands in the context of the Application.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19681"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Pandora FMS 7.x suffers from remote code execution vulnerability. With an authenticated user who can modify the alert system, it is possible to define and execute Commands in the context of the Application.",
"id": "GHSA-5xj6-qf3f-5qcj",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:05:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19681"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://k4m1ll0.com/cve-2019-19681.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40k4m1ll0/remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-pandorafms-7-x-8ce55d4b1d5a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@k4m1ll0/remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-pandorafms-7-x-8ce55d4b1d5a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pandorafms.com/blog/pandora-fms-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5XP3-FJRR-VV46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-27 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-09 00:30
VLAI
Details
A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, macOS Big Sur 11.7.2, macOS Monterey 12.6.2. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-27T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, macOS Big Sur 11.7.2, macOS Monterey 12.6.2. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.",
"id": "GHSA-5xp3-fjrr-vv46",
"modified": "2023-03-09T00:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-02-27T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213534"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5XVC-RWV8-86P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-26 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 02:52
VLAI
Summary
Ignite Realtime Openfire privilege escalation vulnerability
Details
An issue in Ignite Realtime Openfire v.4.8.0 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the admin.authorizedJIDs system property component.
Severity
7.2 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.igniterealtime.openfire:xmppserver"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25420"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-273",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-27T21:59:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-26T21:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in Ignite Realtime Openfire v.4.8.0 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the admin.authorizedJIDs system property component.",
"id": "GHSA-5xvc-rwv8-86p7",
"modified": "2025-11-15T02:52:34Z",
"published": "2024-03-26T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/igniterealtime/Openfire/pull/2411"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/igniterealtime/Openfire/commit/5c022bfa82d71d1710381ab395b100cdbcb8f310"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/igniterealtime/Openfire"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/igniterealtime/Openfire/blob/main/xmppserver/src/main/java/org/jivesoftware/openfire/admin/AdminManager.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/igniterealtime/Openfire/releases/tag/v4.8.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://igniterealtime.atlassian.net/browse/OF-2758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hackthebox.com/blog/openfire-cves-explained-CVE-2024-25420-CVE-2024-25421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.igniterealtime.org/projects/openfire"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Ignite Realtime Openfire privilege escalation vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5XVW-32XH-2VR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-26 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:21
VLAI
Details
Local privilege escalation vulnerability in Ubuntu Kernels overlayfs ovl_copy_up_meta_inode_data skip permission checks when calling ovl_do_setxattr on Ubuntu kernels
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32629"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-26T02:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Local privilege escalation vulnerability in Ubuntu Kernels overlayfs ovl_copy_up_meta_inode_data skip permission checks when calling ovl_do_setxattr on Ubuntu kernels",
"id": "GHSA-5xvw-32xh-2vr5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:21:31Z",
"published": "2023-07-26T03:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-32629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2023-July/140920.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-6250-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiz.io/blog/ubuntu-overlayfs-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174577/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0097-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-625P-XH6M-38MC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 21:30
VLAI
Details
Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 7.0.22 and prior to 7.1.2. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T20:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 7.0.22 and prior to 7.1.2. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-625p-xh6m-38mc",
"modified": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-62FC-8686-HFMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-06 16:38 – Updated: 2026-08-06 16:38
VLAI
Summary
Traefik: `allowCrossNamespace=false` bypass via `@kubernetescrd` TraefikService backendRef
Details
Summary
There is a medium severity vulnerability in Traefik's Kubernetes CRD provider. When providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace is disabled — the default — cross-namespace @kubernetescrd references are rejected for middlewares, TLS options and HTTP/TCP ServersTransports, but the same restriction was not applied to TraefikService backend references resolved by the service resolver. A tenant confined by RBAC to a single namespace can therefore bind its own router to a TraefikService owned by another namespace and expose or reroute that namespace's backend, defeating the namespace isolation allowCrossNamespace=false is meant to enforce. Traefik v2 releases and the unmaintained v3 minor lines below v3.6 are affected and will not receive a patch on their own line; the remedy for those users is upgrading to a maintained, patched release.
Patches
- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v2.11.54
- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.25
- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.10
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please open an issue.
Original Description ### Summary When `providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace=false` (the default), Traefik correctly rejects cross-namespace `@kubernetescrd` references for middlewares, TLS options, and HTTP/TCP `ServersTransport`, but it does not apply the same restriction to service (`TraefikService`) backendRefs. As a result, a Kubernetes tenant who is confined by RBAC to their own namespace can bind their own router to a `TraefikService` owned by another namespace simply by referencing it as `-@kubernetescrd`, defeating the namespace-isolation boundary that `allowCrossNamespace=false` is meant to enforce. This is the service-resolver sibling of the cross-namespace isolation family that Traefik has been fixing one resolver at a time (`df00d82f` / CVE-2026-41174 for Chain middlewares, and `67501cbe` for TCP `ServersTransport`, which shipped in v3.7.7 only four days before the analyzed commit). The `TraefikService` resolver in `configBuilder.nameAndService` was never given the guard its sibling resolvers received. ### Details ### Root cause `nameAndService` only performs the same-namespace check (`isNamespaceAllowed`) inside the branch that handles names without an `@` separator. For names that contain an `@` separator (that is, `@kubernetescrd` cross-namespace references) it applies only the `crossProviderNamespaces` allowlist check, and that check returns `true` by default because a `nil` allowlist means "unrestricted". It never applies the `!allowCrossNamespace && strings.HasSuffix(name, "@kubernetescrd")` rejection that the sibling resolvers all apply, so `allowCrossNamespace=false` is effectively never consulted for `@kubernetescrd` service references. ### Vulnerable code// pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes_http.go:662-695 — nameAndService (VULNERABLE)
func (c configBuilder) nameAndService(ctx context.Context, parentNamespace string, service traefikv1alpha1.LoadBalancerSpec) (string, *dynamic.Service, error) {
svcCtx := log.Ctx(ctx).With().Str(logs.ServiceName, service.Name).Logger().WithContext(ctx)
if !strings.Contains(service.Name, providerNamespaceSeparator) { // 665: only names WITHOUT "@"
service = *service.DeepCopy()
service.Namespace = namespaceOrParentNamespace(service.Namespace, parentNamespace)
if !isNamespaceAllowed(c.allowCrossNamespace, parentNamespace, service.Namespace) { // 669
return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("service %s/%s not in the parent resource namespace %s", ...)
}
}
// 674: for "@"-names, the ONLY gate is crossProviderNamespaces, which defaults to allow-all (nil).
if !isCrossProviderNamespaceAllowed(c.crossProviderNamespaces, parentNamespace) && strings.Contains(service.Name, providerNamespaceSeparator) {
return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("service %q reference is not allowed: ...", service.Name)
}
// ^-- MISSING: no `!c.allowCrossNamespace && strings.HasSuffix(service.Name, "@"+ProviderName)` rejection.
switch service.Kind {
case "TraefikService":
return fullServiceName(svcCtx, service, intstr.FromInt(0)), nil, nil // 690: returns the cross-namespace reference
...
}
}
// pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes.go:1653-1668 — resolveReference (CORRECT)
func resolveReference(ctx context.Context, parentNs, ns, name string, crossProviderNamespaces []string, allowCrossNamespace bool) (string, error) {
if strings.Contains(name, providerNamespaceSeparator) {
if !allowCrossNamespace && strings.HasSuffix(name, providerNamespaceSeparator+ProviderName) {
return "", errors.New("when allowCrossNamespace is disabled, @kubernetescrd references are disallowed") // 1656 — THE GUARD
}
...
}
...
}
$ go test -run TestPoC_CrossNamespaceServiceBypass ./pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/ -v
HTTP routers: [attacker-attacker-svc-route-7df4381938699bd21215]
HTTP services: [victim-whoami-victim-80 victim-backend]
CONTROL OK: cross-ns MIDDLEWARE ref (victim-mw@kubernetescrd) rejected -> router dropped
BYPASS CONFIRMED: attacker router bound to cross-ns service "victim-backend" despite AllowCrossNamespace=false
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.11.53"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.11.54"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.6.24"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.7.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.7.34"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-71325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-653",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-06T16:38:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThere is a medium severity vulnerability in Traefik\u0027s Kubernetes CRD provider. When `providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace` is disabled \u2014 the default \u2014 cross-namespace `@kubernetescrd` references are rejected for middlewares, TLS options and HTTP/TCP ServersTransports, but the same restriction was not applied to `TraefikService` backend references resolved by the service resolver. A tenant confined by RBAC to a single namespace can therefore bind its own router to a `TraefikService` owned by another namespace and expose or reroute that namespace\u0027s backend, defeating the namespace isolation `allowCrossNamespace=false` is meant to enforce. Traefik v2 releases and the unmaintained v3 minor lines below v3.6 are affected and will not receive a patch on their own line; the remedy for those users is upgrading to a maintained, patched release.\n\n## Patches\n\n- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v2.11.54\n- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.25\n- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.10\n\n## For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please [open an issue](https://github.com/traefik/traefik/issues).\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003eOriginal Description\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n### Summary\nWhen `providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace=false` (the default), Traefik correctly rejects cross-namespace `@kubernetescrd` references for middlewares, TLS options, and HTTP/TCP `ServersTransport`, but it does not apply the same restriction to service (`TraefikService`) backendRefs. As a result, a Kubernetes tenant who is confined by RBAC to their own namespace can bind their own router to a `TraefikService` owned by another namespace simply by referencing it as `\u003cvictim-namespace\u003e-\u003cname\u003e@kubernetescrd`, defeating the namespace-isolation boundary that `allowCrossNamespace=false` is meant to enforce.\n\nThis is the service-resolver sibling of the cross-namespace isolation family that Traefik has been fixing one resolver at a time (`df00d82f` / CVE-2026-41174 for Chain middlewares, and `67501cbe` for TCP `ServersTransport`, which shipped in v3.7.7 only four days before the analyzed commit). The `TraefikService` resolver in `configBuilder.nameAndService` was never given the guard its sibling resolvers received.\n\n### Details\n### Root cause\n\n`nameAndService` only performs the same-namespace check (`isNamespaceAllowed`) inside the branch that handles names without an `@` separator. For names that contain an `@` separator (that is, `@kubernetescrd` cross-namespace references) it applies only the `crossProviderNamespaces` allowlist check, and that check returns `true` by default because a `nil` allowlist means \"unrestricted\". It never applies the `!allowCrossNamespace \u0026\u0026 strings.HasSuffix(name, \"@kubernetescrd\")` rejection that the sibling resolvers all apply, so `allowCrossNamespace=false` is effectively never consulted for `@kubernetescrd` service references.\n\n### Vulnerable code\n\n```go\n// pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes_http.go:662-695 \u2014 nameAndService (VULNERABLE)\nfunc (c configBuilder) nameAndService(ctx context.Context, parentNamespace string, service traefikv1alpha1.LoadBalancerSpec) (string, *dynamic.Service, error) {\n\tsvcCtx := log.Ctx(ctx).With().Str(logs.ServiceName, service.Name).Logger().WithContext(ctx)\n\n\tif !strings.Contains(service.Name, providerNamespaceSeparator) { // 665: only names WITHOUT \"@\"\n\t\tservice = *service.DeepCopy()\n\t\tservice.Namespace = namespaceOrParentNamespace(service.Namespace, parentNamespace)\n\t\tif !isNamespaceAllowed(c.allowCrossNamespace, parentNamespace, service.Namespace) { // 669\n\t\t\treturn \"\", nil, fmt.Errorf(\"service %s/%s not in the parent resource namespace %s\", ...)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t// 674: for \"@\"-names, the ONLY gate is crossProviderNamespaces, which defaults to allow-all (nil).\n\tif !isCrossProviderNamespaceAllowed(c.crossProviderNamespaces, parentNamespace) \u0026\u0026 strings.Contains(service.Name, providerNamespaceSeparator) {\n\t\treturn \"\", nil, fmt.Errorf(\"service %q reference is not allowed: ...\", service.Name)\n\t}\n\t// ^-- MISSING: no `!c.allowCrossNamespace \u0026\u0026 strings.HasSuffix(service.Name, \"@\"+ProviderName)` rejection.\n\n\tswitch service.Kind {\n\tcase \"TraefikService\":\n\t\treturn fullServiceName(svcCtx, service, intstr.FromInt(0)), nil, nil // 690: returns the cross-namespace reference\n\t...\n\t}\n}\n```\n\nFor comparison, the sibling resolver used for middleware and TLS references does carry the guard:\n\n```go\n// pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes.go:1653-1668 \u2014 resolveReference (CORRECT)\nfunc resolveReference(ctx context.Context, parentNs, ns, name string, crossProviderNamespaces []string, allowCrossNamespace bool) (string, error) {\n\tif strings.Contains(name, providerNamespaceSeparator) {\n\t\tif !allowCrossNamespace \u0026\u0026 strings.HasSuffix(name, providerNamespaceSeparator+ProviderName) {\n\t\t\treturn \"\", errors.New(\"when allowCrossNamespace is disabled, @kubernetescrd references are disallowed\") // 1656 \u2014 THE GUARD\n\t\t}\n\t\t...\n\t}\n\t...\n}\n```\n\nThe same guard is also present at `pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes_http.go:500` (`makeServersTransportKey`, HTTP) and `pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes_tcp.go:316` (`makeTCPServersTransportKey`, TCP, added by commit `67501cbe`). Only the service resolver `nameAndService` lacks it.\n\n### Data flow\n\nAn `IngressRoute` created by a tenant in namespace `attacker` declares a route service `{ name: \"victim-backend@kubernetescrd\", kind: TraefikService }`; the tenant controls this reference string. In `nameAndService`, because the name contains `@`, the same-namespace check at line 669 is skipped, and `isCrossProviderNamespaceAllowed(nil, \"attacker\")` returns `true` under the default `nil` allowlist, so no rejection fires. `fullServiceName` then resolves the reference to the victim namespace\u0027s `TraefikService`, and the attacker\u0027s HTTP router is generated and bound to the victim\u0027s backend. At runtime the attacker\u0027s `Host(...)` route forwards to namespace `victim`\u0027s backend pods.\n\n### Default reachability\n\n`AllowCrossNamespace` defaults to `false` (`pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes.go:57`, never set to `true` by any `SetDefaults`), so the isolation this bug bypasses is on by default. `CrossProviderNamespaces` defaults to `nil`, and `isCrossProviderNamespaceAllowed` returns `true` for a `nil` allowlist (`pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes.go:1645-1651`), so the only check `nameAndService` applies to an `@`-name is inert by default. The attacker needs only namespace-scoped RBAC to create an `IngressRoute` or `TraefikService` in their own namespace (the standard hard-multi-tenant Traefik setup) and knowledge of the target `TraefikService`\u0027s namespace and name.\n\n### PoC\nA table-style harness was added to the CRD provider package. It defines a victim `TraefikService` (`backend` in namespace `victim`, backed by a real endpoint) and an attacker `IngressRoute` (namespace `attacker`) that references it via `victim-backend@kubernetescrd`, plus a control route that references a victim `Middleware` via `victim-mw@kubernetescrd`. The control route is given a valid local service so that the only reason it could be dropped is the cross-namespace middleware guard. The provider is run with `AllowCrossNamespace: false` and `CrossProviderNamespaces: nil` (both defaults).\n\n```\n$ go test -run TestPoC_CrossNamespaceServiceBypass ./pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/ -v\n\nHTTP routers: [attacker-attacker-svc-route-7df4381938699bd21215]\nHTTP services: [victim-whoami-victim-80 victim-backend]\nCONTROL OK: cross-ns MIDDLEWARE ref (victim-mw@kubernetescrd) rejected -\u003e router dropped\nBYPASS CONFIRMED: attacker router bound to cross-ns service \"victim-backend\" despite AllowCrossNamespace=false\n```\n\nThe control route (middleware reference) is dropped even though it has a valid local service, confirming that the isolation control is active for middlewares; the service route survives and its `Service` field resolves to `victim-backend`, with the victim\u0027s services pulled into the generated configuration and reachable through the attacker\u0027s router.\n\nThe harness also runs two corroborating cases. With `AllowCrossNamespace=false` and `CrossProviderNamespaces=[\"someotherns\"]` (an allowlist that excludes the attacker), the service reference is blocked, which proves that the only gate ever applied to an `@kubernetescrd` service name is `crossProviderNamespaces` (inert by default) and that `allowCrossNamespace=false` is never consulted. With `AllowCrossNamespace=true`, both the service and middleware references are accepted, as expected when isolation is intentionally disabled.\n\n### Impact\nIn a multi-tenant cluster relying on `allowCrossNamespace=false` for namespace isolation, a tenant confined to their own namespace can attach their own router (their own `Host` rule and entrypoint) to another tenant\u0027s `TraefikService` backend, exposing an otherwise internal-only service on the data plane under the attacker\u0027s hostname, and can route or mirror traffic to another namespace\u0027s backend that they should not be able to reference.\n\n\n\u003c/details\u003e\n---",
"id": "GHSA-62fc-8686-hfmq",
"modified": "2026-08-06T16:38:37Z",
"published": "2026-08-06T16:38:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advisories/GHSA-62fc-8686-hfmq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/65ebf4b47fbdc33e3856803a5844a404e094d52d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v2.11.54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Traefik: `allowCrossNamespace=false` bypass via `@kubernetescrd` TraefikService backendRef"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.