Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14915 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9X2H-M2W5-QQ73

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:49
VLAI
Details

The WooCommerce Multivendor Marketplace – REST API plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data and addition of data due to a missing capability check on the 'get_item', 'get_order_notes' and 'add_order_note' functions in versions up to, and including, 1.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber privileges or above, to view the order details and order notes, and add order notes.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2275"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-09T06:16:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WooCommerce Multivendor Marketplace \u2013 REST API plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data and addition of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027get_item\u0027, \u0027get_order_notes\u0027 and \u0027add_order_note\u0027 functions in versions up to, and including, 1.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber privileges or above, to view the order details and order notes, and add order notes.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x2h-m2w5-qq73",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:49:34Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:15:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wcfm-marketplace-rest-api/tags/1.5.3/includes/api/class-api-order-controller.php#L151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wcfm-marketplace-rest-api/tags/1.5.3/includes/api/class-api-order-controller.php#L167"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wcfm-marketplace-rest-api/tags/1.5.3/includes/api/class-api-order-controller.php#L175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2904331"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b0520601-7e5c-412d-a8da-df1bf8ce28df?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9X39-VC5C-RCVV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-23 15:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in SuperPWA Super Progressive Web Apps allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.

This issue affects Super Progressive Web Apps: from n/a through 2.2.21.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48277"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in SuperPWA Super Progressive Web Apps allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\n\nThis issue affects Super Progressive Web Apps: from n/a through 2.2.21.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x39-vc5c-rcvv",
  "modified": "2026-04-23T15:33:36Z",
  "published": "2024-12-09T15:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48277"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/super-progressive-web-apps/vulnerability/wordpress-super-progressive-web-apps-plugin-2-2-21-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9X42-QR2J-M3W4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-10 06:30
VLAI
Details

SAP Fiori App Manage Service Entry Sheets does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. This has low impact on integrity, confidentiality and availability are not impacted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23688"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T04:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP Fiori App Manage Service Entry Sheets does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. This has low impact on integrity, confidentiality and availability are not impacted.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x42-qr2j-m3w4",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T06:30:38Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T06:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3215823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9X5V-8352-244G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2023-09-11 20:43
VLAI
Summary
Missing Authorization in Jenkins Pipeline: Shared Groovy Libraries Plugin
Details

A missing permission check in Jenkins Pipeline: Shared Groovy Libraries Plugin 2.14 and earlier allowed users with Overall/Read access to obtain limited information about the content of SCM repositories referenced by global libraries.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.14"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins.workflow:workflow-cps-global-lib"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.15"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10357"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-285",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-28T22:41:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-31T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing permission check in Jenkins Pipeline: Shared Groovy Libraries Plugin 2.14 and earlier allowed users with Overall/Read access to obtain limited information about the content of SCM repositories referenced by global libraries.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x5v-8352-244g",
  "modified": "2023-09-11T20:43:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:51:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10357"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/workflow-cps-global-lib-plugin/commit/6fce1e241d82641e8648c546bc63c22a5e07e96b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2662"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/workflow-cps-global-lib-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-07-31/#SECURITY1422"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/31/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Missing Authorization in Jenkins Pipeline: Shared Groovy Libraries Plugin"
}

GHSA-9X88-4JG8-4VF7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 15:49
VLAI
Summary
Improper authorization in zenml
Details

An improper authorization vulnerability exists in the zenml-io/zenml repository, specifically within the API PUT /api/v1/users/id endpoint. This vulnerability allows any authenticated user to modify the information of other users, including changing the active status of user accounts to false, effectively deactivating them. This issue affects version 0.55.3 and was fixed in version 0.56.2. The impact of this vulnerability is significant as it allows for the deactivation of admin accounts, potentially disrupting the functionality and security of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "zenml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.56.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-2035"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1220",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-06T22:21:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T19:15:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An improper authorization vulnerability exists in the zenml-io/zenml repository, specifically within the API PUT /api/v1/users/id endpoint. This vulnerability allows any authenticated user to modify the information of other users, including changing the `active` status of user accounts to false, effectively deactivating them. This issue affects version 0.55.3 and was fixed in version 0.56.2. The impact of this vulnerability is significant as it allows for the deactivation of admin accounts, potentially disrupting the functionality and security of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x88-4jg8-4vf7",
  "modified": "2025-10-15T15:49:21Z",
  "published": "2024-06-06T21:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml/commit/b95f083efffa56831cd41d8ed536aeb0b6038fa3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/zenml/PYSEC-2024-169.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/1cfc6493-082e-4229-9f2f-496801a6557c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper authorization in zenml"
}

GHSA-9X9P-9538-FFC5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-27 12:30 – Updated: 2025-05-27 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Property plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation due to a missing capability check on the use of the property_package_user_role metadata in versions 1.0.5 to 1.0.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author‐level access and above, to elevate their privileges to that of an administrator by creating a package post whose property_package_user_role is set to administrator and then submitting the PayPal registration form.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5117"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-27T12:15:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Property plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation due to a missing capability check on the use of the property_package_user_role metadata in versions 1.0.5 to 1.0.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author\u2010level access and above, to elevate their privileges to that of an administrator by creating a package post whose property_package_user_role is set to administrator and then submitting the PayPal registration form.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x9p-9538-ffc5",
  "modified": "2025-05-27T12:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-05-27T12:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/property/tags/1.0.6/admin/pages/payment-inc/paypal-submit.php#L128"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/property/tags/1.0.6/property.php#L1964"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3299714"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/property/#developers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/df48f7f9-7bc9-4f9b-b9b5-6bfb86309030?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9XH3-327M-WGFM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-06-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in appscreo Easy Social Share Buttons.This issue affects Easy Social Share Buttons: from n/a through 9.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31307"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T18:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in appscreo Easy Social Share Buttons.This issue affects Easy Social Share Buttons: from n/a through 9.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-9xh3-327m-wgfm",
  "modified": "2024-06-09T18:30:36Z",
  "published": "2024-06-09T18:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31307"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/easy-social-share-buttons3/wordpress-easy-social-share-buttons-plugin-9-4-multiple-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9XHM-6W5P-335V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-28 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:47
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Google Cloud Backup Plugin allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to request a manual backup.
Details

Jenkins Google Cloud Backup Plugin 0.6 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to request a manual backup.

Additionally, this HTTP endpoint does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:google-cloud-backup"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36917"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-11T15:18:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-27T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Google Cloud Backup Plugin 0.6 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to request a manual backup.\n\nAdditionally, this HTTP endpoint does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-9xhm-6w5p-335v",
  "modified": "2023-10-27T20:47:26Z",
  "published": "2022-07-28T00:00:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36917"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-07-27/#SECURITY-2656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/07/27/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Google Cloud Backup Plugin allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to request a manual backup."
}

GHSA-9XJG-HC8V-33C4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in peachpay PeachPay Payments allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects PeachPay Payments: from n/a through 1.117.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58634"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T15:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in peachpay PeachPay Payments allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects PeachPay Payments: from n/a through 1.117.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-9xjg-hc8v-33c4",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:03Z",
  "published": "2025-09-03T15:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/peachpay-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-peachpay-payments-plugin-1-117-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9XM2-GW56-WJ7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:32
VLAI
Details

A missing authorization flaw was found in the OpenShift Cluster Logging Operator. The operator creates and forwards ServiceAccount tokens to output destinations without verifying that the ClusterLogForwarder creator has permission to use those credentials, allowing a delegated editor to exfiltrate SA tokens and escalate privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-10609"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T14:17:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing authorization flaw was found in the OpenShift Cluster Logging Operator. The operator creates and forwards ServiceAccount tokens to output destinations without verifying that the ClusterLogForwarder creator has permission to use those credentials, allowing a delegated editor to exfiltrate SA tokens and escalate privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-9xm2-gw56-wj7m",
  "modified": "2026-06-23T15:32:37Z",
  "published": "2026-06-23T15:32:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10609"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-10609"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2483943"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.