CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
15170 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-76CR-X9WQ-MM5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-29 03:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The NEX-Forms – Ultimate Form Builder – Contact forms and much more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the restore_records() function in all versions up to, and including, 8.5.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to restore records.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0907"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T01:43:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The NEX-Forms \u2013 Ultimate Form Builder \u2013 Contact forms and much more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the restore_records() function in all versions up to, and including, 8.5.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to restore records.",
"id": "GHSA-76cr-x9wq-mm5r",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:38Z",
"published": "2024-02-29T03:33:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/8.5.7/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php#L1493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/8.5.7/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php#L1512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/8.5.7/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php#L1539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/trunk/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php#L1490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/trunk/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php#L1502"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/trunk/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php#L1524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/26bd4058-ef00-48c8-8ab5-01535f0238a4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76GG-J5FC-HC83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:06An issue was discovered in spice-server spice-server-0.14.0-6.el7_6.1.x86_64 of Redhat's VDI product. There is a security vulnerablility that can restart KVMvirtual machine without any authorization. It is not yet known if there will be other other effects.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23793"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in spice-server spice-server-0.14.0-6.el7_6.1.x86_64 of Redhat\u0027s VDI product. There is a security vulnerablility that can restart KVMvirtual machine without any authorization. It is not yet known if there will be other other effects.",
"id": "GHSA-76gg-j5fc-hc83",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:06:14Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zelat/spice-security-issues"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76J2-36MJ-G8C9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-27 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-27 09:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in withstars Books-Management-System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/article/list of the component Background Interface. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3963"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-27T08:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in withstars Books-Management-System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/article/list of the component Background Interface. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-76j2-36mj-g8c9",
"modified": "2025-04-27T09:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-04-27T09:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3963"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caigo8/CVE-md/blob/main/Blog-System/%E6%9C%AA%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.306299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.557237"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-76PG-MR9V-5VWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-28 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:13Jenkins Repository Connector Plugin 2.2.0 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.
As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:repository-connector"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-10T18:31:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-27T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Repository Connector Plugin 2.2.0 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
"id": "GHSA-76pg-mr9v-5vwc",
"modified": "2023-10-27T20:13:51Z",
"published": "2022-07-28T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-07-27/#SECURITY-2665%20%281%29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-07-27/#SECURITY-2665%20(1)"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/07/27/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Repository Connector Plugin allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs"
}
GHSA-76PX-9QJ6-WJPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-11 06:31The Notification for Telegram plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to create, modify, or reschedule the nftb_cron_hook WordPress cron event, enabling unauthorized manipulation of the plugin's background task scheduling logic.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-11T05:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Notification for Telegram plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to create, modify, or reschedule the nftb_cron_hook WordPress cron event, enabling unauthorized manipulation of the plugin\u0027s background task scheduling logic.",
"id": "GHSA-76px-9qj6-wjpg",
"modified": "2026-07-11T06:31:16Z",
"published": "2026-07-11T06:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/tags/3.5.1/include/nftncron.php#L122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/tags/3.5.1/include/nftncron.php#L126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/tags/3.5.1/include/nftncron.php#L94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/tags/3.5/include/nftncron.php#L122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/tags/3.5/include/nftncron.php#L126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/tags/3.5/include/nftncron.php#L94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/trunk/include/nftncron.php#L122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/trunk/include/nftncron.php#L126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/notification-for-telegram/trunk/include/nftncron.php#L94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3524838%40notification-for-telegram\u0026new=3524838%40notification-for-telegram"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/01055be6-42ae-405f-9c8b-7acf5297867e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76QP-HMWJ-8F8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The Quick Restaurant Menu plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on its AJAX actions in versions up to, and including, 2.0.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke those actions intended for administrator use. Actions include menu item creation, update and deletion and other menu management functions. Since the plugin does not verify that a post ID passed to one of its AJAX actions belongs to a menu item, this can lead to arbitrary post deletion/alteration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0555"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Quick Restaurant Menu plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on its AJAX actions in versions up to, and including, 2.0.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke those actions intended for administrator use. Actions include menu item creation, update and deletion and other menu management functions. Since the plugin does not verify that a post ID passed to one of its AJAX actions belongs to a menu item, this can lead to arbitrary post deletion/alteration.",
"id": "GHSA-76qp-hmwj-8f8f",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:00Z",
"published": "2023-01-27T21:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quick-restaurant-menu/tags/2.0.2/includes/admin/ajax-functions.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2851871/quick-restaurant-menu/trunk?contextall=1\u0026old=2788636\u0026old_path=%2Fquick-restaurant-menu%2Ftrunk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2023/02/multiple-vulnerabilities-patched-in-quick-restaurant-menu-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/97984c7d-d6ff-480c-acfe-20ab0eb04141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/97984c7d-d6ff-480c-acfe-20ab0eb04141?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76RQ-MR82-F3R3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-06 09:30The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin – for Online Courses and Education plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and deletion of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple REST API endpoints in all versions up to, and including, 3.7.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload or delete arbitrary media files, delete or modify posts, and create/manage course templates
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T09:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin \u2013 for Online Courses and Education plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and deletion of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple REST API endpoints in all versions up to, and including, 3.7.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload or delete arbitrary media files, delete or modify posts, and create/manage course templates",
"id": "GHSA-76rq-mr82-f3r3",
"modified": "2026-01-06T09:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3422825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2719739a-90dc-470b-9270-8578e0cead59?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76RV-5H8W-HJ9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:33Missing Authorization vulnerability in PublishPress Post Expirator post-expirator allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Post Expirator: from n/a through <= 4.9.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69361"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T17:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in PublishPress Post Expirator post-expirator allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Post Expirator: from n/a through \u003c= 4.9.3.",
"id": "GHSA-76rv-5h8w-hj9w",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:33:07Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T18:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/post-expirator/vulnerability/wordpress-post-expirator-plugin-4-9-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/post-expirator/vulnerability/wordpress-post-expirator-plugin-4-9-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76RX-7PV8-WF99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 09:30 – Updated: 2025-07-25 09:30The Frontend File Manager Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the wpfm_delete_multiple_files() function in all versions up to, and including, 21.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-25T09:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Frontend File Manager Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the wpfm_delete_multiple_files() function in all versions up to, and including, 21.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts.",
"id": "GHSA-76rx-7pv8-wf99",
"modified": "2025-07-25T09:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-07-25T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2912124/nmedia-user-file-uploader/trunk/inc/files.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/abf422ce-fa03-4bed-a4ec-b31d36de7633?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76V8-3VP7-9G3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Avirtum iPages Flipbook allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.
This issue affects iPages Flipbook: from n/a through 1.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:19:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Avirtum iPages Flipbook allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\n\nThis issue affects iPages Flipbook: from n/a through 1.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-76v8-3vp7-9g3p",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ipages-flipbook/vulnerability/wordpress-ipages-flipbook-plugin-1-5-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.