CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
15041 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4QVV-G3VR-M348
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 18:35 – Updated: 2026-02-04 21:58Impact
Due to a missing permission check on the preview endpoints, a user with access to the Wagtail admin and knowledge of a model's fields can craft a form submission to obtain a preview rendering of any page, snippet or site setting object for which previews are enabled, consisting of any data of the user's choosing. The existing data of the object itself is not exposed, but depending on the nature of the template being rendered, this may expose other database contents that would otherwise only be accessible to users with edit access over the model. The vulnerability is not exploitable by an ordinary site visitor without access to the Wagtail admin.
Patches
Patched versions have been released as Wagtail 6.3.6, 7.0.4, 7.1.3 and 7.2.2. The new 7.3 feature release also incorporates this fix.
Workarounds
No workaround is available.
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to @thxtech for reporting this issue.
For more information
If there are any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Visit Wagtail's support channels
- Send an email to security@wagtail.org (view our security policy for more information).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wagtail"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wagtail"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.4rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.1.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wagtail"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.1rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.2.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wagtail"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.2rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wagtail"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.3rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"7.3rc1"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-03T18:35:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-04T21:16:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nDue to a missing permission check on the preview endpoints, a user with access to the Wagtail admin and knowledge of a model\u0027s fields can craft a form submission to obtain a preview rendering of any page, snippet or site setting object for which previews are enabled, consisting of any data of the user\u0027s choosing. The existing data of the object itself is not exposed, but depending on the nature of the template being rendered, this may expose other database contents that would otherwise only be accessible to users with edit access over the model. The vulnerability is not exploitable by an ordinary site visitor without access to the Wagtail admin.\n\n### Patches\nPatched versions have been released as Wagtail 6.3.6, 7.0.4, 7.1.3 and 7.2.2. The new 7.3 feature release also incorporates this fix.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo workaround is available.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nMany thanks to @thxtech for reporting this issue.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf there are any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Visit Wagtail\u0027s [support channels](https://docs.wagtail.io/en/stable/support.html)\n- Send an email to [security@wagtail.org](mailto:security@wagtail.org) (view our [security policy](https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/security/policy) for more information).",
"id": "GHSA-4qvv-g3vr-m348",
"modified": "2026-02-04T21:58:34Z",
"published": "2026-02-03T18:35:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/security/advisories/GHSA-4qvv-g3vr-m348"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/commit/01fd3477365a193e6a8270311defb76e890d2719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/commit/5f09b6da61e779b0e8499bdbba52bf2f7bd3241f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/commit/73f070dbefbd3b39ea6649ce36bd2d2a6eef2190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/commit/7dfe8de5f8b3f112c73c87b6729197db16454915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/commit/dd824023a031f1b82a6b6f83a97a5c73391b7c03"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/releases/tag/v6.3.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/releases/tag/v7.0.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/releases/tag/v7.1.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/releases/tag/v7.2.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/releases/tag/v7.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Wagtail has improper permission handling on admin preview endpoints"
}
GHSA-4QWC-GHRJ-FFR4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-20 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in enguerranws Import YouTube videos as WP Posts allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Import YouTube videos as WP Posts: from n/a through 2.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-20T15:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in enguerranws Import YouTube videos as WP Posts allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Import YouTube videos as WP Posts: from n/a through 2.1.",
"id": "GHSA-4qwc-ghrj-ffr4",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:34Z",
"published": "2025-06-20T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/import-youtube-videos-as-wp-post/vulnerability/wordpress-import-youtube-videos-as-wp-posts-plugin-2-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QX4-3C96-WJPR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 21:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ronik@UnlimitedWP WPSchoolPress wpschoolpress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WPSchoolPress: from n/a through <= 2.2.35.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39631"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T09:16:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ronik@UnlimitedWP WPSchoolPress wpschoolpress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WPSchoolPress: from n/a through \u003c= 2.2.35.",
"id": "GHSA-4qx4-3c96-wjpr",
"modified": "2026-04-09T21:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T09:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wpschoolpress/vulnerability/wordpress-wpschoolpress-plugin-2-2-35-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4R3G-W96H-5QXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-14 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-14 19:00Boodskap IoT Platform v4.4.9-02 allows attackers to make unauthenticated API requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-13T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Boodskap IoT Platform v4.4.9-02 allows attackers to make unauthenticated API requests.",
"id": "GHSA-4r3g-w96h-5qxg",
"modified": "2022-10-14T19:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-10-14T12:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityblog101.blogspot.com/2022/10/cve-id-cve-2022-35135-cve-2022-35136.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4R43-8WG9-WRMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Yoast BV Yoast SEO Premium allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.
This issue affects Yoast SEO Premium: from n/a through 26.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40722"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:20:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Yoast BV Yoast SEO Premium allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\n\nThis issue affects Yoast SEO Premium: from n/a through 26.6.",
"id": "GHSA-4r43-8wg9-wrmf",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:49Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wordpress-seo-premium/vulnerability/wordpress-yoast-seo-premium-plugin-26-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4R5J-CG4F-M685
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 06:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 06:30SAP S/4HANA Finance (Advanced Payment Management) does not perform necessary authorization check for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. As a result, it has a low impact to confidentiality and availability but there is no impact on the integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37172"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T05:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP S/4HANA Finance (Advanced Payment\nManagement) does not perform necessary authorization check for an authenticated\nuser, resulting in escalation of privileges. As a result, it has a low impact\nto confidentiality and availability but there is no impact on the integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-4r5j-cg4f-m685",
"modified": "2024-07-09T06:30:40Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T06:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3457354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4R5P-FQJ4-2G76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 03:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:13The Subscribe2 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access to email functionality due to a missing capability check when sending test emails in versions up to, and including, 10.40. This makes it possible for author-level attackers to send emails with arbitrary content and attachments to site users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1844"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Subscribe2 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access to email functionality due to a missing capability check when sending test emails in versions up to, and including, 10.40. This makes it possible for author-level attackers to send emails with arbitrary content and attachments to site users.",
"id": "GHSA-4r5p-fqj4-2g76",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:13:54Z",
"published": "2023-06-28T03:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/subscribe2/trunk/admin/send-email.php#L12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2930676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c34ce601-5cf9-433f-bc9d-5c705eba6b08?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4R5Q-WGF5-6R7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 15:31 – Updated: 2024-06-09 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Martin Gibson WP LinkedIn Auto Publish.This issue affects WP LinkedIn Auto Publish: from n/a through 8.11.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T13:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Martin Gibson WP LinkedIn Auto Publish.This issue affects WP LinkedIn Auto Publish: from n/a through 8.11.",
"id": "GHSA-4r5q-wgf5-6r7g",
"modified": "2024-06-09T15:31:10Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T15:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-linkedin-auto-publish/wordpress-wp-linkedin-auto-publish-plugin-8-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4R5R-CCR6-Q6F6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-20 20:55 – Updated: 2026-02-27 22:03Summary
A broken access control issue in Fleet allowed authenticated users to access debug and profiling endpoints regardless of role. As a result, low-privilege users could view internal server diagnostics and trigger resource-intensive profiling operations.
Impact
Fleet’s debug/pprof endpoints are accessible to any authenticated user regardless of role, including the lowest-privilege “Observer” role. This allows low-privilege users to access sensitive server internals, including runtime profiling data and in-memory application state, and to trigger CPU-intensive profiling operations that could lead to denial of service.
Patches
- 4.78.3
- 4.77.1
- 4.76.2
- 4.75.2
- 4.53.3
Workarounds
If an immediate upgrade is not possible, users should put the debug/pprof endpoints behind an IP allowlist.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Email us at security@fleetdm.com Join #fleet in osquery Slack
Credits
We thank @secfox-ai for responsibly reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.78.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.78.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.77.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.77.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.76.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.76.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.75.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.75.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.78.3-0.20260112221730-5c030e32a3a9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-20T20:55:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-21T22:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA broken access control issue in Fleet allowed authenticated users to access debug and profiling endpoints regardless of role. As a result, low-privilege users could view internal server diagnostics and trigger resource-intensive profiling operations.\n\n### Impact\n\nFleet\u2019s debug/pprof endpoints are accessible to any authenticated user regardless of role, including the lowest-privilege \u201cObserver\u201d role. This allows low-privilege users to access sensitive server internals, including runtime profiling data and in-memory application state, and to trigger CPU-intensive profiling operations that could lead to denial of service.\n\n### Patches\n\n- 4.78.3\n- 4.77.1\n- 4.76.2\n- 4.75.2\n- 4.53.3\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf an immediate upgrade is not possible, users should put the debug/pprof endpoints behind an IP allowlist. \n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\nEmail us at [security@fleetdm.com](mailto:security@fleetdm.com)\nJoin #fleet in [osquery Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/osquery/shared_invite/zt-h29zm0gk-s2DBtGUTW4CFel0f0IjTEw)\n\n### Credits\n\nWe thank @secfox-ai for responsibly reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-4r5r-ccr6-q6f6",
"modified": "2026-02-27T22:03:20Z",
"published": "2026-01-20T20:55:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/security/advisories/GHSA-4r5r-ccr6-q6f6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/commit/5c030e32a3a9bc512355b5e1bf19636e4e6d0317"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4334"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Fleet has an Access Control vulnerability in debug/pprof endpoints"
}
GHSA-4R7W-4939-7H88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-08 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:24In telecom service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40637"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-08T04:15:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telecom service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges",
"id": "GHSA-4r7w-4939-7h88",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:24:27Z",
"published": "2023-10-08T06:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1707266966118531074"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.