Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14965 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-46R5-X6JQ-V8G6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-06 00:57
VLAI
Summary
MLflow is vulnerable to an authorization bypass affecting the AJAX endpoint
Details

MLflow is vulnerable to an authorization bypass affecting the AJAX endpoint used to download saved model artifacts. Due to missing access‑control validation, a user without permissions to a given experiment can directly query this endpoint and retrieve model artifacts they are not authorized to access.

This issue affects MLflow version through 3.10.1

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.10.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "mlflow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.11.0rc0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33866"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T00:18:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T13:16:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "MLflow is vulnerable to an authorization bypass affecting the AJAX endpoint used to download saved model artifacts. Due to missing access\u2011control validation, a user without permissions to a given experiment can directly query this endpoint and retrieve model artifacts they are not authorized to access.\n\n \nThis issue affects MLflow version through 3.10.1",
  "id": "GHSA-46r5-x6jq-v8g6",
  "modified": "2026-06-06T00:57:58Z",
  "published": "2026-04-07T15:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33866"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/pull/21708"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/commit/005b959cacda05d1423356cfcbd9ebeda8ff96a7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://afine.com/blogs/attacking-mlflow-how-ml-artifacts-become-attack-vectors"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/04/CVE-2026-33865"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/mlflow/PYSEC-2026-94.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MLflow is vulnerable to an authorization bypass affecting the AJAX endpoint"
}

GHSA-46R9-G8QR-F53G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-01 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-08 03:30
VLAI
Details

In validationtools, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T10:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In validationtools, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed",
  "id": "GHSA-46r9-g8qr-f53g",
  "modified": "2023-11-08T03:30:32Z",
  "published": "2023-11-01T12:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1719615756246777857"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-46RG-3CH6-XMGJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ronald Huereca Photo Block photo-block allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Photo Block: from n/a through <= 1.5.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ronald Huereca Photo Block photo-block allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Photo Block: from n/a through \u003c= 1.5.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-46rg-3ch6-xmgj",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:04Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/photo-block/vulnerability/wordpress-photo-block-plugin-1-5-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/photo-block/vulnerability/wordpress-photo-block-plugin-1-5-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-46V6-7773-WF5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:49
VLAI
Details

The WPCS – WordPress Currency Switcher Professional plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the anonymous function for the wpcs_sd_delete action in versions up to, and including, 1.1.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to delete an arbitrary custom drop-down currency switcher.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2556"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-09T06:16:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WPCS \u2013 WordPress Currency Switcher Professional plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the anonymous function for the wpcs_sd_delete action in versions up to, and including, 1.1.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to delete an arbitrary custom drop-down currency switcher.",
  "id": "GHSA-46v6-7773-wf5f",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:49:38Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:15:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2911049/currency-switcher"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bc44c95e-9ca0-46d0-8315-72612ef3f855?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-46X3-967F-MWFV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The WP Helper Premium plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'whp_smtp_send_mail_test' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to send emails containing any content and originating from the vulnerable WordPress instance to any recipient.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9065"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T02:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP Helper Premium plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027whp_smtp_send_mail_test\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to send emails containing any content and originating from the vulnerable WordPress instance to any recipient.",
  "id": "GHSA-46x3-967f-mwfv",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:38Z",
  "published": "2024-10-10T03:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9065"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-helper-lite/tags/4.6.1/functions/class.wps-frontend-setup-function.php#L55"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-helper-lite/trunk/functions/class.wps-frontend-setup-function.php#L55"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3167825"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5f3c6d98-6f30-4a98-91c9-e77c1f960527?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-472X-3G5G-C8WV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-10-10 03:30
VLAI
Details

The UserPlus plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification, and loss of data due to a missing capability check on multiple functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level permissions or above, to add, modify, or delete user meta and plugin options.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9520"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T03:15:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The UserPlus plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification, and loss of data due to a missing capability check on multiple functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level permissions or above, to add, modify, or delete user meta and plugin options.",
  "id": "GHSA-472x-3g5g-c8wv",
  "modified": "2024-10-10T03:30:46Z",
  "published": "2024-10-10T03:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9520"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userplus/trunk/admin/admin-ajax.php?rev=1627771#L186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userplus/trunk/admin/admin-ajax.php?rev=1627771#L216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userplus/trunk/admin/admin-ajax.php?rev=1627771#L225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e64e41a1-ea8e-41b4-911c-672caf0d2df1?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4749-58FP-F8Q3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in RadiusTheme Classified Listing allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Classified Listing: from n/a through 5.0.6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58601"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T15:15:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in RadiusTheme Classified Listing allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Classified Listing: from n/a through 5.0.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-4749-58fp-f8q3",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:02Z",
  "published": "2025-09-03T15:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58601"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/classified-listing/vulnerability/wordpress-classified-listing-plugin-5-0-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-474V-G7V9-75HP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 00:30 – Updated: 2026-01-16 00:30
VLAI
Details

GravCMS 1.10.7 contains an unauthenticated vulnerability that allows remote attackers to write arbitrary YAML configuration and execute PHP code through the scheduler endpoint. Attackers can exploit the admin-nonce parameter to inject base64-encoded payloads and create malicious custom jobs with system command execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-47812"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T00:16:26Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "GravCMS 1.10.7 contains an unauthenticated vulnerability that allows remote attackers to write arbitrary YAML configuration and execute PHP code through the scheduler endpoint. Attackers can exploit the admin-nonce parameter to inject base64-encoded payloads and create malicious custom jobs with system command execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-474v-g7v9-75hp",
  "modified": "2026-01-16T00:30:55Z",
  "published": "2026-01-16T00:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47812"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://getgrav.org"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49973"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gravcms-arbitrary-yaml-writeupdate-unauthenticated"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-475C-P6QV-5Q4V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30
VLAI
Details

In contacts service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38678"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In contacts service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-475c-p6qv-5q4v",
  "modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2023-01-04T12:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4766-X535-JW3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 18:39 – Updated: 2025-11-17 21:38
VLAI
Summary
kgateway is missing xDS authorization
Details

Summary

The xDS interface in Kgateway versions 2.0.0 through 2.0.4 lacks authentication, allowing any client with unrestricted network access to the xDS port to retrieve potentially sensitive configuration data including certificate data, backend service information, routing rules, and cluster metadata.

Description

Impact

Kgateway xDS interface did not have authorization, so anonymous clients with unrestricted network access could gain access to the xDS data. This could expose sensitive information about your gateway configuration, certificate data, backend services, and routing topology to unauthorized parties.

Patches

Upgrade to version 2.0.5 or 2.1.0. These versions enable JWT-based authentication for the xDS interface by default, ensuring that only authenticated clients can access the xDS configuration data.

Workarounds

If immediate upgrade is not possible, NetworkPolicies can be used to block access to kgateway's xDS port, restricting network access to only trusted sources.

References

  • Fix in 2.1.0: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12471
  • Backport to 2.0.5: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12535
  • Related issue: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/issues/10651

Credits

Kindly reported by @rikatz

For More Information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out in slack https://cloud-native.slack.com/archives/C080D3PJMS4

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.1.0-agw-cel-rbac"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64323"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-04T18:39:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T04:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe xDS interface in Kgateway versions 2.0.0 through 2.0.4 lacks authentication, allowing any client with unrestricted network access to the xDS port to retrieve potentially sensitive configuration data including certificate data, backend service information, routing rules, and cluster metadata.\n\n## Description\n\n### Impact\n\nKgateway xDS interface did not have authorization, so anonymous clients with unrestricted network access could gain access to the xDS data. This could expose sensitive information about your gateway configuration, certificate data, backend services, and routing topology to unauthorized parties.\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to version 2.0.5 or 2.1.0. These versions enable JWT-based authentication for the xDS interface by default, ensuring that only authenticated clients can access the xDS configuration data.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf immediate upgrade is not possible, NetworkPolicies can be used to block access to kgateway\u0027s xDS port, restricting network access to only trusted sources.\n\n## References\n\n- Fix in 2.1.0: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12471\n- Backport to 2.0.5: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12535\n- Related issue: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/issues/10651\n\n## Credits\n\nKindly reported by @rikatz\n\n## For More Information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out in slack https://cloud-native.slack.com/archives/C080D3PJMS4",
  "id": "GHSA-4766-x535-jw3r",
  "modified": "2025-11-17T21:38:28Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T18:39:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/security/advisories/GHSA-4766-x535-jw3r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64323"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/issues/10651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12535"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "kgateway is missing xDS authorization"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.