CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14898 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3G22-92JX-C9HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 06:30The Ninja Countdown | Fastest Countdown Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'ninja_countdown_admin_ajax' AJAX endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary countdowns.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T04:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Ninja Countdown | Fastest Countdown Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027ninja_countdown_admin_ajax\u0027 AJAX endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary countdowns.",
"id": "GHSA-3g22-92jx-c9hc",
"modified": "2025-11-11T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-11-11T06:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/ninja-countdown"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9b0b6433-5651-4a9d-8356-5d02d51830f4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G33-6VG6-27M8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 20:14 – Updated: 2026-06-10 18:41Summary
The Fission router registers an internal-style route — /fission-function/<name> and /fission-function/<ns>/<name> — for every Function object, independent of whether any HTTPTrigger exists for that function. The route was mounted on the same listener as user-defined HTTPTriggers (svc/router, port 8888), so any caller who could reach the router could invoke any function by guessing its metadata.name (and namespace), bypassing the host / path / method / method-allow-list restrictions encoded in HTTPTrigger objects.
Affected component
pkg/router/httpTriggers.go:280-284—internalRouteregistration viautils.UrlForFunction(fn.Name, fn.Namespace), bound to the function handler.
Impact
An external caller who reaches the public router could:
- Invoke functions that the operator intentionally did not publish through an
HTTPTrigger(e.g. functions used only as Kubewatcher / Timer / MessageQueue trigger targets, internal helpers, or sample functions). - Bypass
HTTPTrigger-level restrictions: a function published only onPOST /api/v2/foocould still be invoked asGET /fission-function/<ns>/<name>with arbitrary headers and body. - Enumerate function names by probing the response semantics (404 vs 200 vs 502 from cold start).
In multi-tenant deployments this also crosses tenant boundaries when functions in tenant namespace B are reachable from tenant A's pods (or from anywhere on the internet if the router is ingress-exposed).
Root cause
/fission-function/... was historically used by internal trigger sources (timer, kubewatcher, mqtrigger) that share the cluster network with the router, but the route was registered on the public listener that also serves user HTTPTriggers. The two audiences were never separated.
Fix
Released in v1.23.0:
- PR #3369 (commit
814d232c): the router now runs two listeners — a public listener (port 8888,svc/router) that serves only user-definedHTTPTriggers,/router-healthz, and/_version, and an internal listener (port 8889,svc/router-internal, ClusterIP-only) that exclusively serves/fission-function/<ns>/<name>. The internal listener is wrapped with thepkg/auth/hmac.ServiceVerifierusing theServiceRouterInternalderived key — internal trigger sources sign their requests with a per-service HKDF-derived key from a cluster master secret. Empty master secret falls back to pass-through (preserves compatibility for clusters not yet rotating in a secret). - PR #3365 (commit
0aa24788): added per-serviceNetworkPolicyresources tocharts/fission-all, ensuringsvc/router-internalis only reachable fromkubewatcher,timer,mqtrigger, andmqt-kedapods inside the release namespace. - The internal-listener path itself is still
/fission-function/<ns>/<name>— only its location moved.
Mitigation (until upgrade)
- Apply a
NetworkPolicyto the Fission namespace that allows ingress tosvc/router(port 8888) only from the consuming project's ingress controller, and blocks/fission-function/...at the ingress layer (path-based filter on the ingress). - Avoid exposing the router directly via LoadBalancer/NodePort; front it with an ingress that path-filters
/fission-function/. - Treat function
metadata.nameas not a secret — names should not be the access control boundary.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.22.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fission/fission"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.23.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T20:14:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T18:17:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe Fission router registers an internal-style route \u2014 `/fission-function/\u003cname\u003e` and `/fission-function/\u003cns\u003e/\u003cname\u003e` \u2014 for every `Function` object, independent of whether any `HTTPTrigger` exists for that function. The route was mounted on the same listener as user-defined `HTTPTrigger`s (`svc/router`, port 8888), so any caller who could reach the router could invoke any function by guessing its `metadata.name` (and namespace), bypassing the host / path / method / method-allow-list restrictions encoded in `HTTPTrigger` objects.\n\n### Affected component\n\n- `pkg/router/httpTriggers.go:280-284` \u2014 `internalRoute` registration via `utils.UrlForFunction(fn.Name, fn.Namespace)`, bound to the function handler.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn external caller who reaches the public router could:\n\n1. Invoke functions that the operator intentionally did not publish through an `HTTPTrigger` (e.g. functions used only as Kubewatcher / Timer / MessageQueue trigger targets, internal helpers, or sample functions).\n2. Bypass `HTTPTrigger`-level restrictions: a function published only on `POST /api/v2/foo` could still be invoked as `GET /fission-function/\u003cns\u003e/\u003cname\u003e` with arbitrary headers and body.\n3. Enumerate function names by probing the response semantics (404 vs 200 vs 502 from cold start).\n\nIn multi-tenant deployments this also crosses tenant boundaries when functions in tenant namespace B are reachable from tenant A\u0027s pods (or from anywhere on the internet if the router is ingress-exposed).\n\n### Root cause\n\n`/fission-function/...` was historically used by internal trigger sources (timer, kubewatcher, mqtrigger) that share the cluster network with the router, but the route was registered on the public listener that also serves user `HTTPTrigger`s. The two audiences were never separated.\n\n### Fix\n\nReleased in [v1.23.0](https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.23.0):\n\n- **PR #3369** (commit `814d232c`): the router now runs **two** listeners \u2014 a public listener (port 8888, `svc/router`) that serves only user-defined `HTTPTrigger`s, `/router-healthz`, and `/_version`, and an internal listener (port 8889, `svc/router-internal`, ClusterIP-only) that exclusively serves `/fission-function/\u003cns\u003e/\u003cname\u003e`. The internal listener is wrapped with the `pkg/auth/hmac.ServiceVerifier` using the `ServiceRouterInternal` derived key \u2014 internal trigger sources sign their requests with a per-service HKDF-derived key from a cluster master secret. Empty master secret falls back to pass-through (preserves compatibility for clusters not yet rotating in a secret).\n- **PR #3365** (commit `0aa24788`): added per-service `NetworkPolicy` resources to `charts/fission-all`, ensuring `svc/router-internal` is only reachable from `kubewatcher`, `timer`, `mqtrigger`, and `mqt-keda` pods inside the release namespace.\n- The internal-listener path itself is still **`/fission-function/\u003cns\u003e/\u003cname\u003e`** \u2014 only its location moved.\n\n### Mitigation (until upgrade)\n\n1. Apply a `NetworkPolicy` to the Fission namespace that allows ingress to `svc/router` (port 8888) only from the consuming project\u0027s ingress controller, and blocks `/fission-function/...` at the ingress layer (path-based filter on the ingress).\n2. Avoid exposing the router directly via LoadBalancer/NodePort; front it with an ingress that path-filters `/fission-function/`.\n3. Treat function `metadata.name` as **not** a secret \u2014 names should not be the access control boundary.",
"id": "GHSA-3g33-6vg6-27m8",
"modified": "2026-06-10T18:41:37Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T20:14:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/security/advisories/GHSA-3g33-6vg6-27m8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3369"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.23.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Fission router exposes /fission-function/\u003cns\u003e/\u003cname\u003e on its public listener, allowing invocation of any function without an HTTPTrigger"
}
GHSA-3G3V-H89C-WR8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 12:32 – Updated: 2026-07-23 12:32Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Dokan Pro <= 5.0.3 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65495"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T12:18:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Dokan Pro \u003c= 5.0.3 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-3g3v-h89c-wr8p",
"modified": "2026-07-23T12:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-23T12:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/dokan-pro/vulnerability/wordpress-dokan-pro-plugin-5-0-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G48-CR7G-6PH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:31A flaw was found in Infinispan version 10, where it permits local access to controls via both REST and HotRod APIs. This flaw allows a user authenticated to the local machine to perform all operations on the caches, including the creation, update, deletion, and shutdown of the entire server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Infinispan version 10, where it permits local access to controls via both REST and HotRod APIs. This flaw allows a user authenticated to the local machine to perform all operations on the caches, including the creation, update, deletion, and shutdown of the entire server.",
"id": "GHSA-3g48-cr7g-6ph4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:31:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1835922"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3G4C-HJHR-73RJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-09 18:21 – Updated: 2024-08-12 16:01Several endpoints in the CometVisu add-on of openHAB don't require authentication. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify or to steal sensitive data.
Impact
This issue may lead to sensitive Information Disclosure.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.openhab.ui.bundles:org.openhab.ui.cometvisu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42470"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-09T18:21:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T13:38:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Several endpoints in the CometVisu add-on of openHAB don\u0027t require authentication. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify or to steal sensitive data.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis issue may lead to sensitive Information Disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-3g4c-hjhr-73rj",
"modified": "2024-08-12T16:01:17Z",
"published": "2024-08-09T18:21:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openhab/openhab-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-3g4c-hjhr-73rj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42470"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openhab/openhab-webui/commit/630e8525835c698cf58856aa43782d92b18087f2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openhab/openhab-webui"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "CometVisu Backend for openHAB has a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability"
}
GHSA-3G62-VR55-M6HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-06 09:30 – Updated: 2022-12-07 18:30In power management service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to set up power management service with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39091"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-06T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In power management service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to set up power management service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-3g62-vr55-m6hc",
"modified": "2022-12-07T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-12-06T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1599588060988411006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G6J-94VX-C8FV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-20 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-20 15:32The ThumbPress WordPress plugin before 6.2.2 does not perform a capability check on one of its AJAX actions, allowing authenticated users with subscriber-level access or higher to deactivate the ThumbPress WordPress plugin before 6.2.2, disrupting the site's image-handling functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13432"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-20T07:16:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ThumbPress WordPress plugin before 6.2.2 does not perform a capability check on one of its AJAX actions, allowing authenticated users with subscriber-level access or higher to deactivate the ThumbPress WordPress plugin before 6.2.2, disrupting the site\u0027s image-handling functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-3g6j-94vx-c8fv",
"modified": "2026-07-20T15:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-07-20T09:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/a408e8f9-4de7-4449-8fca-51ea46e4f433"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G6V-JWWM-8GJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 12:31 – Updated: 2024-07-23 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Copymatic Copymatic – AI Content Writer & Generator.This issue affects Copymatic – AI Content Writer & Generator: from n/a through 1.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35716"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T10:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Copymatic Copymatic \u2013 AI Content Writer \u0026 Generator.This issue affects Copymatic \u2013 AI Content Writer \u0026 Generator: from n/a through 1.9.",
"id": "GHSA-3g6v-jwwm-8gj3",
"modified": "2024-07-23T18:31:06Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T12:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/copymatic/wordpress-copymatic-plugin-1-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G8X-8934-XRR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:34The HAPPY – Helpdesk Support Ticket System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the 'submit_form_reply' AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to submit replies to arbitrary support tickets by manipulating the 'happy_topic_id' parameter, regardless of whether they are the ticket owner or have been assigned to the ticket.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-13T16:16:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The HAPPY \u2013 Helpdesk Support Ticket System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the \u0027submit_form_reply\u0027 AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to submit replies to arbitrary support tickets by manipulating the \u0027happy_topic_id\u0027 parameter, regardless of whether they are the ticket owner or have been assigned to the ticket.",
"id": "GHSA-3g8x-8934-xrr7",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:34:01Z",
"published": "2025-12-13T18:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/happy-helpdesk-support-ticket-system/tags/1.0.9/inc/happy-replies.php#L585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/happy-helpdesk-support-ticket-system/trunk/inc/happy-replies.php#L585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3417847%40happy-helpdesk-support-ticket-system\u0026new=3417847%40happy-helpdesk-support-ticket-system\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3967b5ce-f0f8-4620-8883-0857aeee8f8b?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GFG-2V89-C3PM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-18 18:33 – Updated: 2025-02-18 21:32Restricted Views backed objects (OSV1) could be bypassed under specific circumstances due to a software bug, this could have allowed users that didn't have permission to see such objects to view them via Object Explorer directly. This software bug did not impact or otherwise make data available across organizational boundaries nor did it allow for data to be viewed or accessed by unauthenticated users.
The affected service have been patched and automatically deployed to all Apollo-managed Foundry instances.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-18T18:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Restricted Views backed objects (OSV1) could be bypassed under specific circumstances due to a software bug, this could have allowed users that didn\u0027t have permission to see such objects to view them via Object Explorer directly. This software bug did not impact or otherwise make data available across organizational boundaries nor did it allow for data to be viewed or accessed by unauthenticated users. \nThe affected service have been patched and automatically deployed to all Apollo-managed Foundry instances.",
"id": "GHSA-3gfg-2v89-c3pm",
"modified": "2025-02-18T21:32:50Z",
"published": "2025-02-18T18:33:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://palantir.safebase.us/?tcuUid=ad6b08b1-2f79-4e32-b125-406dd2b9b1c3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://palantir.safebase.us/?tcuUid=b60db1ee-4b1a-475d-848e-c5a670a0da16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.