CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14839 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-13812 (GCVE-0-2025-13812)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 07:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:15- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rubengc | GamiPress – Gamification plugin to reward points, achievements, badges & ranks in WordPress |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.6.1
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13812",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-06T14:32:45.357565Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-06T14:32:54.065Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "GamiPress \u2013 Gamification plugin to reward points, achievements, badges \u0026 ranks in WordPress",
"vendor": "rubengc",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.6.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Kenneth Dunn"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The GamiPress \u2013 Gamification plugin to reward points, achievements, badges \u0026 ranks in WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the gamipress_ajax_get_posts and gamipress_ajax_get_users functions in all versions up to, and including, 7.6.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to enumerate users, including their email addresses and to retrieve titles of private posts."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:15:00.410Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/acfdd579-0be9-476b-90cd-07f417712691?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3430697/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-05T18:53:15.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "GamiPress \u2013 Gamification plugin to reward points, achievements, badges \u0026 ranks in WordPress \u003c= 7.6.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Exposure"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13812",
"datePublished": "2026-01-06T07:22:12.783Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-30T19:30:05.271Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:15:00.410Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13794 (GCVE-0-2025-13794)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 05:25 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:43- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themeisle | Auto Featured Image (Auto Post Thumbnail) |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.2.1
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13794",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-16T17:38:10.133552Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T17:41:43.192Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Auto Featured Image (Auto Post Thumbnail)",
"vendor": "themeisle",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.2.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Dmitrii Ignatyev"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Auto Featured Image (Auto Post Thumbnail) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the bulk_action_generate_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to delete or generate featured images on posts they do not own."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:43:21.304Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/29b0fd97-a669-42bb-b01e-bdc0395d697e?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/auto-post-thumbnail/tags/4.2.1/includes/class-plugin.php#L425"
},
{
"url": "https://research.cleantalk.org/cve-2025-13794/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-30T12:38:10.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-15T16:51:43.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Auto Featured Image \u003c= 4.2.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Contributor+) Post Thumbnail Modification"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13794",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T05:25:19.785Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-30T12:22:33.208Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:43:21.304Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13790 (GCVE-0-2025-13790)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-30 14:32 – Updated: 2026-02-24 06:38| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.333794 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.333794 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.690871 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Xzzz111/exps/blob/main/archive… | broken-link |
| https://github.com/Xzzz111/exps/blob/main/archive… | broken-linkexploit |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13790",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-01T15:45:19.134879Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T15:46:04.184Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:scada-lts:scada-lts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"product": "Scada-LTS",
"vendor": "n/a",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.8.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.8.1"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "sh7err02 (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was determined in Scada-LTS up to 2.7.8.1. This impacts an unknown function. This manipulation causes cross-site request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "Cross-Site Request Forgery",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-24T06:38:24.040Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-333794 | Scada-LTS cross-site request forgery",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.333794"
},
{
"name": "VDB-333794 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.333794"
},
{
"name": "Submit #690871 | SCADA-LTS Project Scada-LTS \u003c=1cfaed4b35117e4871bc3dfeae073f61d8e3bb3d Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.690871"
},
{
"tags": [
"broken-link"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Xzzz111/exps/blob/main/archives/Scada-LTS-CSRF-1/report.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"broken-link",
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Xzzz111/exps/blob/main/archives/Scada-LTS-CSRF-1/report.md#proof-of-concept"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-29T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-05T17:32:14.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Scada-LTS cross-site request forgery"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13790",
"datePublished": "2025-11-30T14:32:06.199Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-29T20:33:29.818Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-24T06:38:24.040Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13781 (GCVE-0-2025-13781)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-09 10:03 – Updated: 2026-01-09 19:14- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/578756 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3400940 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/01/07/patc… |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13781",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-09T19:12:40.834326Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-09T19:14:05.513Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "GitLab",
"repo": "git://git@gitlab.com:gitlab-org/gitlab.git",
"vendor": "GitLab",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "18.5.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "18.5",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "18.6.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "18.6",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "18.7.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "18.7",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Thanks [pwnie](https://hackerone.com/pwnie) for reporting this vulnerability through our HackerOne bug bounty program"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 18.5 before 18.5.5, 18.6 before 18.6.3, and 18.7 before 18.7.1 that could have allowed an authenticated user to modify instance-wide AI feature provider settings by exploiting missing authorization checks in GraphQL mutations."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-09T10:03:51.554Z",
"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitLab Issue #578756",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/578756"
},
{
"name": "HackerOne Bug Bounty Report #3400940",
"tags": [
"technical-description",
"exploit",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3400940"
},
{
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/01/07/patch-release-gitlab-18-7-1-released/"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to versions 18.5.5, 18.6.3, 18.7.1 or above."
}
],
"title": "Missing Authorization in GitLab"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"assignerShortName": "GitLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13781",
"datePublished": "2026-01-09T10:03:51.554Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-28T20:33:22.260Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-09T19:14:05.513Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13772 (GCVE-0-2025-13772)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-09 10:04 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:27- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/581268 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/01/07/patc… | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-13772 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2428224 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitLab | GitLab |
Affected:
18.4 , < 18.5.5
(semver)
Affected: 18.6 , < 18.6.3 (semver) Affected: 18.7 , < 18.7.1 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Pipelines |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13772",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-09T19:13:05.972319Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-09T19:13:28.846Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel9",
"product": "OpenShift Pipelines",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "openshift4/ose-console",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "openshift4/ose-console-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-01-09T10:04:06.293Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw was found in GitLab. An authenticated user could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating namespace identifiers in API requests. This could allow them to access and utilize AI model settings from unauthorized namespaces, leading to information disclosure and potential misuse of AI resources."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Important"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:27:27.924Z",
"orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"shortName": "redhat-SADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-13772"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2428224",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2428224"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_sadp-csaf-vex"
],
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-13772.json"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-09T10:15:50.081Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-09T10:04:06.293Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "gitlab: GitLab: Unauthorized access to AI model settings via namespace identifier manipulation",
"x_adpType": "supplier",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
}
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "GitLab",
"repo": "git://git@gitlab.com:gitlab-org/gitlab.git",
"vendor": "GitLab",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "18.5.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "18.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "18.6.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "18.6",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "18.7.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "18.7",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "This vulnerability has been discovered internally by GitLab team member [Jessie Young] (https://gitlab.com/jessieay)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 18.4 before 18.5.5, 18.6 before 18.6.3, and 18.7 before 18.7.1 that could have allowed an authenticated user to access and utilize AI model settings from unauthorized namespaces by manipulating namespace identifiers in API requests."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-09T10:04:06.293Z",
"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitLab Issue #581268",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/581268"
},
{
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/01/07/patch-release-gitlab-18-7-1-released/"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to versions 18.5.5, 18.6.3, 18.7.1 or above."
}
],
"title": "Missing Authorization in GitLab"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"assignerShortName": "GitLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13772",
"datePublished": "2026-01-09T10:04:06.293Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-28T04:33:18.560Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:27:27.924Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13766 (GCVE-0-2025-13766)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 08:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:42- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| stylemix | MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin – for Online Courses and Education |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.7.6
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13766",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-06T14:31:57.692857Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-06T14:32:09.184Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin \u2013 for Online Courses and Education",
"vendor": "stylemix",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.7.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "thinnawarth mathuros"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin \u2013 for Online Courses and Education plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and deletion of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple REST API endpoints in all versions up to, and including, 3.7.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload or delete arbitrary media files, delete or modify posts, and create/manage course templates"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:42:51.744Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2719739a-90dc-470b-9270-8578e0cead59?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3422825/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-10-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-27T17:04:25.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-05T19:29:47.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin \u2013 for Online Courses and Education \u003c= 3.7.6 Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Posts and Media Creation, Modification and Deletion"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13766",
"datePublished": "2026-01-06T08:21:48.418Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-27T16:40:43.878Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:42:51.744Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13756 (GCVE-0-2025-13756)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-03 13:52 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:01- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| techjewel | Fluent Booking – The Ultimate Appointments Scheduling, Events Booking, Events Calendar Solution |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.9.11
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13756",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-03T14:40:47.097022Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T14:40:52.227Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Fluent Booking \u2013 The Ultimate Appointments Scheduling, Events Booking, Events Calendar Solution",
"vendor": "techjewel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.9.11",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Md. Moniruzzaman Prodhan"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Fluent Booking plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized calendar import and management due to a missing capability check on the \"importCalendar\" function in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.11. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber level access and above, to import arbitrary calendars and manage them."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:01:52.072Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7860dfa8-de76-4ca3-bd80-98550afab56b?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3404176/fluent-booking/tags/1.10.0/app/Hooks/Handlers/DataImporter.php"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-18T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-26T20:41:32.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-03T00:41:01.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Fluent Booking \u2013 The Ultimate Appointments Scheduling, Events Booking, Events Calendar Solution \u003c= 1.9.11 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Missing Authorization to Calendar Import and Management"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13756",
"datePublished": "2025-12-03T13:52:45.265Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T20:26:05.841Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:01:52.072Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13754 (GCVE-0-2025-13754)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-19 06:48 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:36- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| croixhaug | Appointment Booking Calendar — Simply Schedule Appointments Booking Plugin |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.6.9.16
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13754",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-19T18:47:41.272315Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-19T18:47:49.526Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Appointment Booking Calendar \u2014 Simply Schedule Appointments Booking Plugin",
"vendor": "croixhaug",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.6.9.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Marcin Dudek"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Appointment Booking Calendar \u2014 Simply Schedule Appointments Booking Plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.6.9.16. This is due to the plugin exposing its admin embed endpoint at `/wp-json/ssa/v1/embed-inner-admin` without authentication, which leaks plugin settings including staff names, business names, and configuration data that are not publicly displayed on the booking form. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract private business configuration. In premium versions with integrations configured, this might also expose other sensitive data including API keys for external services."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:36:07.329Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/10d7a50c-41e9-41b7-a171-d72dbe08e7b7?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3421427/simply-schedule-appointments/trunk/includes/class-shortcodes.php"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-11T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-26T19:26:57.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-18T18:13:50.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Appointment Booking Calendar \u2014 Simply Schedule Appointments Booking Plugin \u003c= 1.6.9.16 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Sensitive Information Exposure"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13754",
"datePublished": "2025-12-19T06:48:22.315Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T19:11:33.301Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:36:07.329Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13750 (GCVE-0-2025-13750)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 06:36 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:11- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mateuszgbiorczyk | Converter for Media – Optimize images | Convert WebP & AVIF |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.3.2
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13750",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-17T21:39:29.484138Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T21:40:05.439Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Converter for Media \u2013 Optimize images | Convert WebP \u0026 AVIF",
"vendor": "mateuszgbiorczyk",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Marcin Dudek"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Converter for Media \u2013 Optimize images | Convert WebP \u0026 AVIF plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `/webp-converter/v1/regenerate-attachment` REST endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 6.3.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete optimized WebP/AVIF variants for arbitrary attachments."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:11:00.573Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9a31190f-e2ed-46ee-a224-85a0a003738d?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3414745/webp-converter-for-media"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-08T20:35:33.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-16T18:33:57.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Converter for Media \u003c= 6.3.2 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Optimized Image Deletion via regenerate-attachment REST Endpoint"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13750",
"datePublished": "2025-12-17T06:36:59.567Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T16:51:27.349Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:11:00.573Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-13741 (GCVE-0-2025-13741)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 11:15 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:44- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| publishpress | Schedule Post Changes With PublishPress Future: Unpublish, Delete, Change Status, Trash, Change Categories |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.9.2
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-13741",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-16T14:46:40.768974Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T14:47:08.134Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Schedule Post Changes With PublishPress Future: Unpublish, Delete, Change Status, Trash, Change Categories",
"vendor": "publishpress",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.9.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Athiwat Tiprasaharn"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Schedule Post Changes With PublishPress Future: Unpublish, Delete, Change Status, Trash, Change Categories plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the getAuthors function in all versions up to, and including, 4.9.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to retrieve emails for all users with edit_posts capability."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:44:39.699Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2f67da8c-da60-4c77-a8b8-7dfc027662e9?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/post-expirator/tags/4.9.1/src/Modules/Workflows/Rest/RestApiV1.php#L376"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-17T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-26T14:03:08.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-15T22:49:04.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Schedule Post Changes With PublishPress Future: Unpublish, Delete, Change Status, Trash, Change Categories \u003c= 4.9.2 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Contributor+) Authors\u0027 Emails Exposure"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-13741",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T11:15:44.735Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T13:44:15.219Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:44:39.699Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.