CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18050 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RV7M-23C5-RRV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-19 15:31A missing authorization vulnerability in Lexmark Cloud Services badge management allows attacker to reassign badges within their organization
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T14:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A missing authorization vulnerability in Lexmark Cloud Services badge management allows attacker to reassign badges within their organization",
"id": "GHSA-rv7m-23c5-rrv6",
"modified": "2025-08-19T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-08-19T15:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.lexmark.com/en_us/solutions/security/lexmark-security-advisories.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV7X-QJC3-M67H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-02 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The LearnPress – WordPress LMS Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized user registration due to a missing capability check on the 'register' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.6.8.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass disabled user registration to create a new account with the default role.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6088"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-02T11:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The LearnPress \u2013 WordPress LMS Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized user registration due to a missing capability check on the \u0027register\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.6.8.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass disabled user registration to create a new account with the default role.",
"id": "GHSA-rv7x-qjc3-m67h",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:31Z",
"published": "2024-07-02T21:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learnpress/tags/4.2.6.8.1/inc/class-lp-forms-handler.php#L235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learnpress/tags/4.2.6.8.1/inc/jwt/includes/class-jwt-public.php#L127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3109339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/04e0ddff-16af-4c85-b5b0-cf767684ee08?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV87-XRCF-5C22
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-29 12:30 – Updated: 2024-02-29 03:32A vulnerability was found in Poly Trio 8800 and Trio C60. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the component Poly Lens Management Cloud Registration. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. It is possible to launch the attack on the physical device. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-249261 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4468"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-29T10:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Poly Trio 8800 and Trio C60. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the component Poly Lens Management Cloud Registration. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. It is possible to launch the attack on the physical device. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-249261 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rv87-xrcf-5c22",
"modified": "2024-02-29T03:32:46Z",
"published": "2023-12-29T12:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2023/fahrplan/events/11919.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/modzero/MZ-23-01-Poly-VoIP-Devices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://modzero.com/en/advisories/mz-23-01-poly-voip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://modzero.com/en/advisories/mz-23-01-poly-voip-devices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://modzero.com/en/blog/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-poly-products"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_9929447-9929472-16/hpsbpy03902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.249261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.249261"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV8Q-2V6X-VPGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-11 15:31 – Updated: 2026-10-11 15:31phpIPAM through 1.8.3 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privilege users to view restricted subnets and addresses because customer, location and NAT pages skip Subnets::check_permission. Attackers can open customer objects.php, single-location.php or nat_details.php to read IP addresses, CIDRs, hostnames and MAC addresses from sections they cannot access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-108720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-11T13:17:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "phpIPAM through 1.8.3 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privilege users to view restricted subnets and addresses because customer, location and NAT pages skip Subnets::check_permission. Attackers can open customer objects.php, single-location.php or nat_details.php to read IP addresses, CIDRs, hostnames and MAC addresses from sections they cannot access.",
"id": "GHSA-rv8q-2v6x-vpgr",
"modified": "2026-10-11T15:31:03Z",
"published": "2026-10-11T15:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-108720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/phpipam/phpipam"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/phpipam/phpipam/blob/e8010751d491e485acefa5787fb0e518eb948771/app/tools/customers/customer/objects/ipaddresses.php#L69-L110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/phpipam/phpipam/blob/e8010751d491e485acefa5787fb0e518eb948771/app/tools/locations/single-location.php#L129-L195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/phpipam/phpipam/blob/e8010751d491e485acefa5787fb0e518eb948771/app/tools/nat/nat_details.php#L16-L45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@haind/phpipam-tools-cross-section-address-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/phpipam-through-1.8.3-missing-authorization-in-customers-locations-and-nat-pages"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV8R-8MH5-5376
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-30 18:19 – Updated: 2024-05-30 18:19The element information component used to display properties of a certain record is susceptible to information disclosure. The list of references from or to the record is not properly checked for the backend user’s permissions. A valid backend user account is needed in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.7.27"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-30T18:19:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The element information component used to display properties of a certain record is susceptible to information disclosure. The list of references from or to the record is not properly checked for the backend user\u2019s permissions. A valid backend user account is needed in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rv8r-8mh5-5376",
"modified": "2024-05-30T18:19:56Z",
"published": "2024-05-30T18:19:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/typo3/cms-core/2019-06-25-1.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3-CMS/core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2019-014"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "TYPO3 Information Disclosure in Backend User Interface"
}
GHSA-RV8X-MR8Q-QQX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in NotFound JetBlog allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects JetBlog: from n/a through 2.4.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26958"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T12:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in NotFound JetBlog allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects JetBlog: from n/a through 2.4.3.",
"id": "GHSA-rv8x-mr8q-qqx3",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:42Z",
"published": "2025-04-15T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26958"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/jet-blog/vulnerability/wordpress-jetblog-2-4-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV98-5GW8-6HF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-14 12:31 – Updated: 2026-08-14 12:31The getgrav/grav-plugin-api plugin before 1.0.13 contains an API-key scope cap bypass in the POST /reports/twig-content/allowlist endpoint (ReportsController). The endpoint enforces requirePermission('api.config.write') followed by a bare isSuperAdmin() check instead of requireSuper(). Because isSuperAdmin() reads access.api.super directly and never consults api_key_scopes, a least-privilege API key scoped to api.config.write minted on a super account passes the gate, allowing an attacker to append attacker-chosen tokens to the security.twig_sandbox allowlist (persisted to user/config/security.yaml). Widening the allowlist turns any subsequent Twig-in-content render into an SSTI/RCE sink.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-72825"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-14T12:16:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The getgrav/grav-plugin-api plugin before 1.0.13 contains an API-key scope cap bypass in the POST /reports/twig-content/allowlist endpoint (ReportsController). The endpoint enforces requirePermission(\u0027api.config.write\u0027) followed by a bare isSuperAdmin() check instead of requireSuper(). Because isSuperAdmin() reads access.api.super directly and never consults api_key_scopes, a least-privilege API key scoped to api.config.write minted on a super account passes the gate, allowing an attacker to append attacker-chosen tokens to the security.twig_sandbox allowlist (persisted to user/config/security.yaml). Widening the allowlist turns any subsequent Twig-in-content render into an SSTI/RCE sink.",
"id": "GHSA-rv98-5gw8-6hf9",
"modified": "2026-08-14T12:31:26Z",
"published": "2026-08-14T12:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-v5ph-7v92-wqm6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-before-api-key-scope-cap-bypass-via-reportscontroller"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV9H-P5P6-7PXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-21 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-21 21:31jshERP 3.6 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the updateOneValueByKeyIdAndType endpoint that allows authenticated users to grant themselves arbitrary roles. Attackers can send a POST request with type=UserRole, their own user ID, and a role ID list to escalate from low-privilege tenant user to tenant administrator.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-94411"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-21T19:17:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "jshERP 3.6 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the updateOneValueByKeyIdAndType endpoint that allows authenticated users to grant themselves arbitrary roles. Attackers can send a POST request with type=UserRole, their own user ID, and a role ID list to escalate from low-privilege tenant user to tenant administrator.",
"id": "GHSA-rv9h-p5p6-7pxh",
"modified": "2026-09-21T21:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-09-21T21:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94411"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LinYuanyi1/cve-request-poc/blob/master/jshERP/poc-01-userbusiness-self-privilege-escalation.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jishenghua/jshERP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jishenghua/jshERP/blob/v3.6/jshERP-boot/src/main/java/com/jsh/erp/controller/UserBusinessController.java#L178-L198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jsherp-3.6-privilege-escalation-via-updateonevaluebykeyidandtype"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RVCM-FH6J-Q5PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 18:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Icegram Icegram Collect – Easy Form, Lead Collection and Subscription plugin allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Icegram Collect – Easy Form, Lead Collection and Subscription plugin: from n/a through 1.3.18.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47527"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T16:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Icegram Icegram Collect \u2013 Easy Form, Lead Collection and Subscription plugin allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Icegram Collect \u2013 Easy Form, Lead Collection and Subscription plugin: from n/a through 1.3.18.",
"id": "GHSA-rvcm-fh6j-q5pr",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:25Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T18:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/icegram-rainmaker/vulnerability/wordpress-icegram-collect-easy-form-lead-collection-and-subscription-plugin-1-3-18-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RVF3-C57P-P58J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:31Semaphore UI through 2.19.12 exempts GET and HEAD requests from project resource permission checks in GetMustCanMiddleware. Attackers with guest or task_runner roles can read all project environments including plaintext secrets, credentials, and passwords via GET requests to the environment endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-91994"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T12:17:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Semaphore UI through 2.19.12 exempts GET and HEAD requests from project resource permission checks in GetMustCanMiddleware. Attackers with guest or task_runner roles can read all project environments including plaintext secrets, credentials, and passwords via GET requests to the environment endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-rvf3-c57p-p58j",
"modified": "2026-09-15T12:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T12:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91994"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/semaphoreui/semaphore/issues/4150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/semaphoreui/semaphore"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/semaphoreui/semaphore/blob/v2.19.12/api/projects/project.go#L89-L106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/semaphoreui/semaphore/blob/v2.19.12/api/router.go#L308-L329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/semaphore-ui-through-2.19.12-missing-authorization-on-get-and-head-requests"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.