CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18050 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RQQX-FVQX-539G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-28 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:38Jenkins Deployer Framework Plugin 85.v1d1888e8c021 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.
This allows attackers with Item/Read permission to read deployment logs.
Deployer Framework Plugin 86.v7b_a_4a_55b_f3ec requires Deploy Now/Deploy permission to read deployment logs.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 85.v1d1888e8c021"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:deployer-framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "86.v7b_a_4a_55b_f3ec"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36891"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-11T15:17:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-27T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Deployer Framework Plugin 85.v1d1888e8c021 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Item/Read permission to read deployment logs.\n\nDeployer Framework Plugin 86.v7b_a_4a_55b_f3ec requires Deploy Now/Deploy permission to read deployment logs.",
"id": "GHSA-rqqx-fvqx-539g",
"modified": "2023-10-27T20:38:43Z",
"published": "2022-07-28T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/deployer-framework-plugin/commit/7ba4a55bf3ec567ee5325ea7b24b4086ac1cb3ad"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-07-27/#SECURITY-2205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/07/27/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Deployer Framework Plugin allows attackers with Item/Read permission to read deployment logs"
}
GHSA-RQR9-JPVG-9M6Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 03:30 – Updated: 2025-09-09 03:30Fiori app Manage Payment Blocks does not perform the necessary authorization checks, allowing an attacker with basic user privileges to abuse functionalities that should be restricted to specific user groups.This issue could impact both the confidentiality and integrity of the application without affecting the availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T02:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Fiori app Manage Payment Blocks does not perform the necessary authorization checks, allowing an attacker with basic user privileges to abuse functionalities that should be restricted to specific user groups.This issue could impact both the confidentiality and integrity of the application without affecting the availability.",
"id": "GHSA-rqr9-jpvg-9m6q",
"modified": "2025-09-09T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3409013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQRH-627V-HMPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-15 21:30Subscriber Broken Access Control in Amelia <= 2.2 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40795"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T21:16:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Subscriber Broken Access Control in Amelia \u003c= 2.2 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-rqrh-627v-hmpc",
"modified": "2026-06-15T21:30:46Z",
"published": "2026-06-15T21:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ameliabooking/vulnerability/wordpress-amelia-plugin-2-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQRM-P43G-FPMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32lunary-ai/lunary version v1.4.25 contains an improper access control vulnerability in the POST /api/v1/data-warehouse/bigquery endpoint. This vulnerability allows any user to export the entire database data by creating a stream to Google BigQuery without proper authentication or authorization. The issue is fixed in version 1.4.26.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8999"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:45Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "lunary-ai/lunary version v1.4.25 contains an improper access control vulnerability in the POST /api/v1/data-warehouse/bigquery endpoint. This vulnerability allows any user to export the entire database data by creating a stream to Google BigQuery without proper authentication or authorization. The issue is fixed in version 1.4.26.",
"id": "GHSA-rqrm-p43g-fpmq",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:49Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8999"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lunary-ai/lunary/commit/aa0fd22952d1d84a717ae563eb1ab564d94a9e2b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/d42b7a44-0dcb-4ef0-b15c-d0e558da65c6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQX6-29C6-8688
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Iulia Cazan Latest Post Shortcode latest-post-shortcode allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Latest Post Shortcode: from n/a through <= 14.2.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31916"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Iulia Cazan Latest Post Shortcode latest-post-shortcode allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Latest Post Shortcode: from n/a through \u003c= 14.2.1.",
"id": "GHSA-rqx6-29c6-8688",
"modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/latest-post-shortcode/vulnerability/wordpress-latest-post-shortcode-plugin-14-2-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQX7-VHRR-MQM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 06:31The JoomSport – for Sports: Team & League, Football, Hockey & more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization to Arbitrary Group Deletion in versions up to, and including, 5.7.8. This is due to a missing capability check in the joomsport_season_groupdel() AJAX handler, which only verifies a nonce before executing a DELETE query on attacker-supplied group IDs. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary JoomSport group records.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T05:16:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The JoomSport \u2013 for Sports: Team \u0026 League, Football, Hockey \u0026 more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization to Arbitrary Group Deletion in versions up to, and including, 5.7.8. This is due to a missing capability check in the joomsport_season_groupdel() AJAX handler, which only verifies a nonce before executing a DELETE query on attacker-supplied group IDs. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary JoomSport group records.",
"id": "GHSA-rqx7-vhrr-mqm2",
"modified": "2026-07-01T06:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T06:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/tags/5.7.8/includes/joomsport-shortcodes.php#L473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/tags/5.7.8/includes/posts/joomsport-post-season.php#L25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/tags/5.7.8/includes/posts/joomsport-post-season.php#L294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/tags/5.7.8/includes/posts/joomsport-post-season.php#L296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/trunk/includes/joomsport-shortcodes.php#L473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/trunk/includes/posts/joomsport-post-season.php#L25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/trunk/includes/posts/joomsport-post-season.php#L294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/joomsport-sports-league-results-management/trunk/includes/posts/joomsport-post-season.php#L296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3581673%40joomsport-sports-league-results-management\u0026new=3581673%40joomsport-sports-league-results-management\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/03122c29-4ca5-426a-8240-74ce96dd21f2?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR26-3XH7-XR78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Essekia Tablesome Table Premium tablesome-premium allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Tablesome Table Premium: from n/a through <= 1.1.23.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Essekia Tablesome Table Premium tablesome-premium allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Tablesome Table Premium: from n/a through \u003c= 1.1.23.",
"id": "GHSA-rr26-3xh7-xr78",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:21Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T15:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tablesome-premium/vulnerability/wordpress-tablesome-table-premium-1-1-23-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tablesome-premium/vulnerability/wordpress-tablesome-table-premium-1-1-23-broken-access-control-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tablesome-premium/vulnerability/wordpress-tablesome-table-premium-1-1-23-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR2G-6254-88HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-09 12:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in MultiVendorX Product Catalog Enquiry for WooCommerce by MultiVendorX.This issue affects Product Catalog Enquiry for WooCommerce by MultiVendorX: from n/a through 5.0.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25929"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T11:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in MultiVendorX Product Catalog Enquiry for WooCommerce by MultiVendorX.This issue affects Product Catalog Enquiry for WooCommerce by MultiVendorX: from n/a through 5.0.5.",
"id": "GHSA-rr2g-6254-88hc",
"modified": "2024-06-09T12:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T12:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woocommerce-catalog-enquiry/wordpress-product-catalog-mode-for-woocommerce-plugin-5-0-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR4M-6XX9-F2WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-18 09:30The Recover WooCommerce Cart Abandonment, Newsletter, Email Marketing, Marketing Automation By FunnelKit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized arbitrary plugin installation due to a missing capability check on the install_or_activate_addon_plugins() function and a weak nonce hash in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.3. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to install arbitrary plugins on the site that can be leveraged to further infect a vulnerable site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-18T08:15:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Recover WooCommerce Cart Abandonment, Newsletter, Email Marketing, Marketing Automation By FunnelKit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized arbitrary plugin installation due to a missing capability check on the install_or_activate_addon_plugins() function and a weak nonce hash in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.3. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to install arbitrary plugins on the site that can be leveraged to further infect a vulnerable site.",
"id": "GHSA-rr4m-6xx9-f2wg",
"modified": "2025-06-18T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-06-18T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-marketing-automations/tags/2.5.0/includes/api/plugin_status/class-bwfan-api-install-and-activate-plugin.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-marketing-automations/tags/2.5.0/includes/class-bwfan-db.php#L153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3305437/wp-marketing-automations/trunk/admin/class-bwfan-admin.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3305437/wp-marketing-automations/trunk/includes/abstracts/class-bwfan-api-base.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3305437/wp-marketing-automations/trunk/includes/class-bwfan-api-loader.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/094972e6-7e02-4060-b069-e39c8cde9331?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR6J-37CV-C7X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2023-05-24 13:49Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin prior to 1.27.4, 1.26.5, 1.25.4.1, and 1.21.6 does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to list global pod template names.
Kubernetes Plugin 1.27.4, 1.26.5, 1.25.4.1, and 1.21.6 requires Overall/Administer permission to list global pod template names.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins:kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.27.1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.27.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins:kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.26.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.26.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins:kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.22.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.25.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins:kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.21.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-2308"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-23T18:05:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-04T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin prior to 1.27.4, 1.26.5, 1.25.4.1, and 1.21.6 does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to list global pod template names.\n\nKubernetes Plugin 1.27.4, 1.26.5, 1.25.4.1, and 1.21.6 requires Overall/Administer permission to list global pod template names.",
"id": "GHSA-rr6j-37cv-c7x7",
"modified": "2023-05-24T13:49:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/kubernetes-plugin/commit/7aac20940e637cdd2e38d3afd3748704e4015782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-11-04/#SECURITY-2102"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing Authorization in Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.