CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14809 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VH7G-P26C-J2CW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-03 19:12 – Updated: 2023-07-12 14:01Impact
Dex instances with public clients (and by extension, clients accepting tokens issued by those Dex instances) are affected by this vulnerability.
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by making a victim navigate to a malicious website and guiding them through the OIDC flow, stealing the OAuth authorization code in the process. The authorization code then can be exchanged by the attacker for a token, gaining access to applications accepting that token.
Steps to reproduce
1) A victim navigates to a malicious website
2) The webserver initiates a connection with a Dex instance directly - https://dexexample.com/auth/https:%252F%252Faccounts.google.com?access_type=online&client_id=example&nonce=2AaJAimQU9CbeOFsNra1d7CJTWB&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A40393%2Fauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=openid+email&state=2AaJAjhpUmsB25csCo5muvorMTl. In this example, the Dex instance is hosted on dexexample.com, and the connector is accounts.google.com.
3) Dex returns a 302 Redirect to the connector IDP, https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?client_id=237800849078-hri2ndt7gdafpf34kq8crd5sik9pe3so.apps.googleusercontent.com&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fdexexample.com%2Fauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=openid+email&state=g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef. The attacker records the state parameter value g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef which will be used as the request ID later on.
4) The malicious website redirects the victim’s browser to the connector IDP.
5) The user authenticates to the connector IDP. If they have authenticated before, they may not be presented with an authentication challenge. The user will silently be taken through the following steps:
Authentication with the connector IDP, which redirects the browser to the Dex callback with a code - https://dexexample.com/callback?state=g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef&code=4%2F0AX4XfWizg1PQEQNl18hmP0_YQ3iUYII2ed13n9ikKr_ZcV7uCZpZaPcIlxBzX5QwFIcs-w&scope=email+openid+https%3A%2F%[2Fwww.googleapis.com](http://2fwww.googleapis.com/)%2Fauth%2Fuserinfo.email&authuser=0&hd=[google.com](http://google.com/)&prompt=none
Dex handles the callback, fetching the user claims from the connector IDP, persisting them and generating an OAuth code. Then Dex redirects the browser to the approval endpoint https://dexexample.com/approval?req=g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef. Note that the req parameter is the same as the attacker's recorded state parameter.
Dex uses the request ID to look up the OAuth code, and builds a redirect to the original callback with the code - http://localhost:40393/auth/callback?code=bz5p3oov2wlh5k3rboa4atxas&state=2AaJAjhpUmsB25csCo5muvorMTl.
In step 2., when the webserver initiates the connection to Dex and receives the redirect to the connector IDP, the webserver will persist the connector state parameter (g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef), which is used as the request ID to later look up the OAuth code. As the user goes through the authentication flow with the connector IDP, the webserver will repeatedly request /approval?req=<state>. Once the user has successfully authenticated, if the webserver is able to call /approval before the victim’s browser calls /approval, then an attacker can fetch the Dex OAuth code which can be exchanged for an ID token using the /token endpoint.
Note that PKCE does not defend against this attack since the webserver initiates the request to Dex with a known code challenge.
Fix
The request has been made unpredictable with message authentication. This was accomplished by creating an HMAC using a randomly generated per-request secret. This secret is persisted between the initial login request and the approval request. Since the HMAC is derived using a secret key, its value cannot be known to an attacker, so they will be unable to poll /approval for the code.
Patches
Update to 2.35.0.
Workarounds
No known workarounds (without impacting behavior) for existing versions.
Disabling public clients is the only way to defend against attacks exploiting this vulnerability.
References
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Start a new discussion * Email us at cncf-dex-maintainers@lists.cncf.io
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.34.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dexidp/dex"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.35.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-03T19:12:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-06T18:16:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nDex instances with public clients (and by extension, clients accepting tokens issued by those Dex instances) are affected by this vulnerability.\n\nAn attacker can exploit this vulnerability by making a victim navigate to a malicious website and guiding them through the OIDC flow, stealing the OAuth authorization code in the process. The authorization code then can be exchanged by the attacker for a token, gaining access to applications accepting that token.\n\n### Steps to reproduce\n\n1) A victim navigates to a malicious website\n\n2) The webserver initiates a connection with a Dex instance directly - https://dexexample.com/auth/https:%252F%252Faccounts.google.com?access_type=online\u0026client_id=example\u0026nonce=2AaJAimQU9CbeOFsNra1d7CJTWB\u0026redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A40393%2Fauth%2Fcallback\u0026response_type=code\u0026scope=openid+email\u0026state=2AaJAjhpUmsB25csCo5muvorMTl. In this example, the Dex instance is hosted on `dexexample.com`, and the connector is `accounts.google.com`.\n\n3) Dex returns a 302 Redirect to the connector IDP, https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?client_id=237800849078-hri2ndt7gdafpf34kq8crd5sik9pe3so.apps.googleusercontent.com\u0026redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fdexexample.com%2Fauth%2Fcallback\u0026response_type=code\u0026scope=openid+email\u0026state=g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef. The attacker records the state parameter value g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef which will be used as the request ID later on.\n\n4) The malicious website redirects the victim\u2019s browser to the connector IDP.\n\n5) The user authenticates to the connector IDP. If they have authenticated before, they may not be presented with an authentication challenge. The user will silently be taken through the following steps:\n\n Authentication with the connector IDP, which redirects the browser to the Dex callback with a code - https://dexexample.com/callback?state=g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef\u0026code=4%2F0AX4XfWizg1PQEQNl18hmP0_YQ3iUYII2ed13n9ikKr_ZcV7uCZpZaPcIlxBzX5QwFIcs-w\u0026scope=email+openid+https%3A%2F%[2Fwww.googleapis.com](http://2fwww.googleapis.com/)%2Fauth%2Fuserinfo.email\u0026authuser=0\u0026hd=[google.com](http://google.com/)\u0026prompt=none\n\n Dex handles the callback, fetching the user claims from the connector IDP, persisting them and generating an OAuth code. Then Dex redirects the browser to the approval endpoint https://dexexample.com/approval?req=g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef. Note that the req parameter is the same as the attacker\u0027s recorded state parameter.\n\n Dex uses the request ID to look up the OAuth code, and builds a redirect to the original callback with the code - http://localhost:40393/auth/callback?code=bz5p3oov2wlh5k3rboa4atxas\u0026state=2AaJAjhpUmsB25csCo5muvorMTl.\n\n\nIn step 2., when the webserver initiates the connection to Dex and receives the redirect to the connector IDP, the webserver will persist the connector state parameter (`g3dkmpontsr3ugocoddjx72ef`), which is used as the request ID to later look up the OAuth code. As the user goes through the authentication flow with the connector IDP, the webserver will repeatedly request `/approval?req=\u003cstate\u003e`. Once the user has successfully authenticated, if the webserver is able to call /approval before the victim\u2019s browser calls `/approval`, then an attacker can fetch the Dex OAuth code which can be exchanged for an ID token using the `/token` endpoint.\n\nNote that PKCE does not defend against this attack since the webserver initiates the request to Dex with a known code challenge.\n\n### Fix\n\nThe request has been made unpredictable with message authentication. This was accomplished by creating an [HMAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC) using a randomly generated per-request secret. This secret is persisted between the initial login request and the approval request. Since the HMAC is derived using a secret key, its value cannot be known to an attacker, so they will be unable to poll `/approval` for the code.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to 2.35.0.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo known workarounds (without impacting behavior) for existing versions.\n\nDisabling public clients is the only way to defend against attacks exploiting this vulnerability.\n\n### References\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Start a new [discussion](https://github.com/dexidp/dex/discussions/new?category=q-a)\n* Email us at [cncf-dex-maintainers@lists.cncf.io](mailto:cncf-dex-maintainers@lists.cncf.io)\n",
"id": "GHSA-vh7g-p26c-j2cw",
"modified": "2023-07-12T14:01:57Z",
"published": "2022-10-03T19:12:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dexidp/dex/security/advisories/GHSA-vh7g-p26c-j2cw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dexidp/dex/commit/49471b14c8080ddb034d4855841123d378b7a634"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dexidp/dex"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dexidp/dex/releases/tag/v2.35.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Dex vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle allowing ID token capture via intercepted authorization code"
}
GHSA-VH94-RJ7H-RPP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-26 15:32Contributor Broken Access Control in SEOPress PRO <= 9.1.1 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57430"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-26T15:16:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Contributor Broken Access Control in SEOPress PRO \u003c= 9.1.1 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-vh94-rj7h-rpp2",
"modified": "2026-06-26T15:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-06-26T15:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-seopress-pro/vulnerability/wordpress-seopress-pro-plugin-9-1-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHCQ-JVFQ-4J3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-09 12:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in XLPlugins Finale Lite.This issue affects Finale Lite: from n/a through 2.18.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T11:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in XLPlugins Finale Lite.This issue affects Finale Lite: from n/a through 2.18.0.",
"id": "GHSA-vhcq-jvfq-4j3q",
"modified": "2024-06-09T12:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T12:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/finale-woocommerce-sales-countdown-timer-discount/wordpress-finale-lite-plugin-2-18-0-subscriber-arbitrary-plugin-installation-activation-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHFX-77QC-H5HR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-19 12:31 – Updated: 2024-06-19 12:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Muffin Group Betheme.This issue affects Betheme: from n/a through 27.1.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-19T12:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Muffin Group Betheme.This issue affects Betheme: from n/a through 27.1.1.",
"id": "GHSA-vhfx-77qc-h5hr",
"modified": "2024-06-19T12:31:21Z",
"published": "2024-06-19T12:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/betheme/wordpress-betheme-theme-27-1-1-contributor-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHH3-MVC4-HHQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2024-01-30 22:03Jenkins Dependency Graph Viewer plugin 0.12 and earlier did not perform permission checks for the API endpoint that modifies the dependency graph, allowing anyone with Overall/Read permission to modify this data.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.12"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:depgraph-view"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1000388"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-30T22:03:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-26T02:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Dependency Graph Viewer plugin 0.12 and earlier did not perform permission checks for the API endpoint that modifies the dependency graph, allowing anyone with Overall/Read permission to modify this data.",
"id": "GHSA-vhh3-mvc4-hhq6",
"modified": "2024-01-30T22:03:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-10-23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Dependency Graph Viewer plugin vulnerable to missing permission checks"
}
GHSA-VHJM-GHX5-JWM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Themesgrove WidgetKit.This issue affects WidgetKit: from n/a through 2.5.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T20:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Themesgrove WidgetKit.This issue affects WidgetKit: from n/a through 2.5.0.",
"id": "GHSA-vhjm-ghx5-jwm3",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:05Z",
"published": "2024-05-06T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/widgetkit-for-elementor/wordpress-widgetkit-plugin-2-4-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHM6-R746-HVFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-25 09:32 – Updated: 2025-10-25 09:32The Password Policy Manager | Password Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'moppm_ajax' AJAX endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to log out the site's connection to miniorange.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11255"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-25T07:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Password Policy Manager | Password Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027moppm_ajax\u0027 AJAX endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to log out the site\u0027s connection to miniorange.",
"id": "GHSA-vhm6-r746-hvfg",
"modified": "2025-10-25T09:32:56Z",
"published": "2025-10-25T09:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3381127%40password-policy-manager\u0026new=3381127%40password-policy-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/66ac51f9-3571-4e07-a110-afec43abab37?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHM7-PFXQ-3G9Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-24 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-29 18:30In getAvailabilityStatus of several Transcode Permission Controllers, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-261193664
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21004"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In getAvailabilityStatus of several Transcode Permission Controllers, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-261193664",
"id": "GHSA-vhm7-pfxq-3g9q",
"modified": "2023-03-29T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2023-03-24T21:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHMG-4R23-P6QH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01PreMiD 2.2.0 allows unintended access via the websocket transport. An attacker can receive events from a socket and emit events to a socket, potentially interfering with a victim's "now playing" status on Discord.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-20T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PreMiD 2.2.0 allows unintended access via the websocket transport. An attacker can receive events from a socket and emit events to a socket, potentially interfering with a victim\u0027s \"now playing\" status on Discord.",
"id": "GHSA-vhmg-4r23-p6qh",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:51Z",
"published": "2022-02-21T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PreMiD/PreMiD/issues/790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PreMiD/PreMiD/pull/791"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHMP-9F3G-3F36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-25 18:30dhcpcd through 10.3.2, fixed in commit 2f00c7b, contains a one-byte stack out-of-bounds write vulnerability in dhcp6_makemessage() in src/dhcp6.c that allows unauthenticated same-link attackers to write beyond a fixed local buffer by serializing an oversized RFC6603 OPTION_PD_EXCLUDE option body. Attackers can send a crafted DHCPv6 ADVERTISE message containing an IA_PD IAPREFIX /0 with a valid OPTION_PD_EXCLUDE using an exclude prefix length of /121 through /128 to trigger the out-of-bounds write and potentially corrupt adjacent stack memory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T17:17:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "dhcpcd through 10.3.2, fixed in commit 2f00c7b, contains a one-byte stack out-of-bounds write vulnerability in dhcp6_makemessage() in src/dhcp6.c that allows unauthenticated same-link attackers to write beyond a fixed local buffer by serializing an oversized RFC6603 OPTION_PD_EXCLUDE option body. Attackers can send a crafted DHCPv6 ADVERTISE message containing an IA_PD IAPREFIX /0 with a valid OPTION_PD_EXCLUDE using an exclude prefix length of /121 through /128 to trigger the out-of-bounds write and potentially corrupt adjacent stack memory.",
"id": "GHSA-vhmp-9f3g-3f36",
"modified": "2026-06-25T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-06-23T18:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/garybowers/bootimus/issues/84"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NetworkConfiguration/dhcpcd/commit/2f00c7bfc408b6582d331932dfa47829c4819029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bootimus-broken-access-control-via-jwtmiddleware-authorization-bypass"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dhcpcd-stack-out-of-bounds-write-in-dhcp6-makemessage"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.