Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14700 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-P4HG-G7Q8-W89X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-16 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in alexvtn Chatbox Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Chatbox Manager: from n/a through 1.2.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48167"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T11:15:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in alexvtn Chatbox Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Chatbox Manager: from n/a through 1.2.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4hg-g7q8-w89x",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:46Z",
  "published": "2025-07-16T12:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48167"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wa-chatbox-manager/vulnerability/wordpress-chatbox-manager-plugin-1-2-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4PG-H39V-M85Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in ShortPixel – Convert WebP/AVIF & Optimize Images ShortPixel Image Optimizer allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ShortPixel Image Optimizer: from n/a through 5.6.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-48044"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:56Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ShortPixel \u2013 Convert WebP/AVIF \u0026 Optimize Images ShortPixel Image Optimizer allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ShortPixel Image Optimizer: from n/a through 5.6.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4pg-h39v-m85q",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:17Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48044"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/shortpixel-image-optimiser/vulnerability/wordpress-shortpixel-image-optimizer-plugin-5-6-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/shortpixel-image-optimiser/wordpress-shortpixel-image-optimizer-plugin-5-6-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4VC-PP2H-CFVH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-04 09:31 – Updated: 2025-12-04 09:31
VLAI
Details

The Custom Post Type UI plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.18.0. This is due to the plugin not verifying that a user has the required capability to perform actions in the "cptui_process_post_type" function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber level access and above, to add, edit, or delete custom post types in limited situations.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12826"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T07:16:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Custom Post Type UI plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.18.0. This is due to the plugin not verifying that a user has the required capability to perform actions in the \"cptui_process_post_type\" function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber level access and above, to add, edit, or delete custom post types in limited situations.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4vc-pp2h-cfvh",
  "modified": "2025-12-04T09:31:26Z",
  "published": "2025-12-04T09:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12826"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WebDevStudios/custom-post-type-ui/commit/215779a5ac0c624f0dcf875e87305b4898d5bcf9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/90d203b1-9426-4eff-b566-02c8a1c6adfa?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4VH-4WVR-Q953

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in VibeThemes WPLMS wplms_plugin allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects WPLMS: from n/a through <= 1.9.9.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-49925"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in VibeThemes WPLMS wplms_plugin allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects WPLMS: from n/a through \u003c= 1.9.9.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4vh-4wvr-q953",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:23Z",
  "published": "2025-10-22T15:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49925"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wplms_plugin/vulnerability/wordpress-wplms-plugin-1-9-9-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wplms_plugin/vulnerability/wordpress-wplms-plugin-1-9-9-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wplms_plugin/vulnerability/wordpress-wplms-plugin-1-9-9-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4WR-9WFM-F9JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 18:30 – Updated: 2023-07-20 14:50
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins SAML Single Sign On(SSO) Plugin missing permission check
Details

Jenkins SAML Single Sign On(SSO) Plugin 2.3.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to download a string representation of the current security realm (Java Object#toString()), which potentially includes sensitive information.

SAML Single Sign On(SSO) Plugin 2.3.1 requires Overall/Administer permission to access the affected HTTP endpoint, and only allows downloading a string representation if the current security realm is this plugin’s.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.jenkins.plugins:miniorange-saml-sp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-37945"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T22:31:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T16:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins SAML Single Sign On(SSO) Plugin 2.3.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to download a string representation of the current security realm (Java `Object#toString()`), which potentially includes sensitive information.\n\nSAML Single Sign On(SSO) Plugin 2.3.1 requires Overall/Administer permission to access the affected HTTP endpoint, and only allows downloading a string representation if the current security realm is this plugin\u2019s.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4wr-9wfm-f9jw",
  "modified": "2023-07-20T14:50:03Z",
  "published": "2023-07-12T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37945"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-07-12/#SECURITY-3164"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/12/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins SAML Single Sign On(SSO) Plugin missing permission check"
}

GHSA-P52W-7RHW-9M67

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 20:37 – Updated: 2026-01-13 20:37
VLAI
Summary
TYPO3 CMS Allows Broken Access Control in Recycler Module
Details

Problem

Backend users who had access to the recycler module could delete arbitrary data from any database table defined in the TCA - regardless of whether they had permission to that particular table. This allowed attackers to purge and destroy critical site data, effectively rendering the website unavailable.

Solution

Update to TYPO3 versions 10.4.55 ELTS, 11.5.49 ELTS, 12.4.41 LTS, 13.4.23 LTS, 14.0.2 that fix the problem described.

Credits

Thanks to Sven Jürgens and Daniel Windloff for reporting this issue, and to TYPO3 security team member Elias Häußler for fixing it.

References

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 14.0.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "typo3/cms-recycler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 13.4.22"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "typo3/cms-recycler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "13.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.4.23"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.4.40"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "typo3/cms-recycler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "12.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "12.4.41"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.5.48"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "typo3/cms-recycler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.5.49"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.4.54"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "typo3/cms-recycler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.4.55"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59022"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-13T20:37:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T12:15:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Problem\nBackend users who had access to the recycler module could delete arbitrary data from any database table defined in the TCA - regardless of whether they had permission to that particular table. This allowed attackers to purge and destroy critical site data, effectively rendering the website unavailable.\n\n### Solution\nUpdate to TYPO3 versions 10.4.55 ELTS, 11.5.49 ELTS, 12.4.41 LTS, 13.4.23 LTS, 14.0.2 that fix the problem described.\n\n### Credits\nThanks to Sven J\u00fcrgens and Daniel Windloff for reporting this issue, and to TYPO3 security team member Elias H\u00e4u\u00dfler for fixing it.\n\n### References\n* [TYPO3-CORE-SA-2026-003](https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2026-003)",
  "id": "GHSA-p52w-7rhw-9m67",
  "modified": "2026-01-13T20:37:44Z",
  "published": "2026-01-13T20:37:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/security/advisories/GHSA-p52w-7rhw-9m67"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59022"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/commit/336d6f165458a0ce32d8330999ab9ab6a5983d20"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/commit/a6604db66499710f72ae6e7006beb14ad0913aae"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/commit/efb9528f9882ac924c40598ebd8508479e9950a3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2026-003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "TYPO3 CMS Allows Broken Access Control in Recycler Module"
}

GHSA-P52X-WXJ2-J8JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 00:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in LottieFiles LottieFiles lottiefiles allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects LottieFiles: from n/a through <= 3.0.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68043"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T16:22:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in LottieFiles LottieFiles lottiefiles allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects LottieFiles: from n/a through \u003c= 3.0.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-p52x-wxj2-j8jr",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T00:31:21Z",
  "published": "2026-02-20T18:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68043"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/lottiefiles/vulnerability/wordpress-lottiefiles-plugin-3-0-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P533-Q52W-Q6FM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:10
VLAI
Details

Monstra CMS through 3.0.4 allows remote authenticated users to take over arbitrary user accounts via a modified login parameter to an edit URI, as demonstrated by login=victim to the users/21/edit URI.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-8439"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-07T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Monstra CMS through 3.0.4 allows remote authenticated users to take over arbitrary user accounts via a modified login parameter to an edit URI, as demonstrated by login=victim to the users/21/edit URI.",
  "id": "GHSA-p533-q52w-q6fm",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:10:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8439"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.ikiu.ac.ir/public-files/pages/attachments/11/02630f153869936d555a79f89d717f9c.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://uploadboy.me/cn40ne6p89t6/POC.mp4.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-P53M-6HR5-83PP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Post Grid Team by RadiusTheme The Post Grid allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects The Post Grid: from n/a through 7.7.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37481"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Post Grid Team by RadiusTheme The Post Grid allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects The Post Grid: from n/a through 7.7.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-p53m-6hr5-83pp",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:15Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37481"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/the-post-grid/vulnerability/wordpress-the-post-grid-plugin-7-7-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/the-post-grid/wordpress-the-post-grid-plugin-7-7-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P53X-H8G9-FV36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in shinetheme Traveler allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Traveler: from n/a through n/a.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59011"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T09:15:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in shinetheme Traveler allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Traveler: from n/a through n/a.",
  "id": "GHSA-p53x-h8g9-fv36",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:20Z",
  "published": "2025-09-26T09:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59011"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/traveler/vulnerability/wordpress-traveler-theme-3-2-3-arbitrary-content-deletion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.