Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14602 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MF2H-XR3M-X8JF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:34
VLAI
Details

The Employee Spotlight – Team Member Showcase & Meet the Team Plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized tracking settings modification due to missing authorization validation on the employee_spotlight_check_optin() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to enable or disable tracking settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13403"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-13T16:16:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Employee Spotlight \u2013 Team Member Showcase \u0026 Meet the Team Plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized tracking settings modification due to missing authorization validation on the employee_spotlight_check_optin() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to enable or disable tracking settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf2h-xr3m-x8jf",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:34:01Z",
  "published": "2025-12-13T18:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13403"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/employee-spotlight/tags/5.1.3/includes/plugin-feedback-functions.php#L19"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/employee-spotlight/trunk/includes/plugin-feedback-functions.php#L19"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3418117%40employee-spotlight\u0026new=3418117%40employee-spotlight\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/19738a82-8c31-45bb-a869-68e357299eb5?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF2W-J66C-QCM9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-18 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-18 12:30
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.2.34646 the Guest User Account was enabled for attaching files to articles

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38504"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-18T11:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.2.34646 the Guest User Account was enabled for attaching files to articles",
  "id": "GHSA-mf2w-j66c-qcm9",
  "modified": "2024-06-18T12:30:41Z",
  "published": "2024-06-18T12:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38504"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF3C-6MG5-67RJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-05 06:31 – Updated: 2025-03-05 21:32
VLAI
Details

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Insufficient Authorization Checks OVE-20230524-0010.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27666"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-05T06:15:38Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Insufficient Authorization Checks OVE-20230524-0010.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf3c-6mg5-67rj",
  "modified": "2025-03-05T21:32:10Z",
  "published": "2025-03-05T06:31:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27666"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.printerlogic.com/saas/Print/Security/Security-Bulletins.htm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF3H-X5XJ-Q2G5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-11 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-11 03:30
VLAI
Details

The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized private course enrollment in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.7. This is due to missing post_status validation in the enroll_now() and course_enrollment() functions. Both enrollment endpoints verify the nonce, user authentication, and whether the course is purchasable, but fail to check if the course has a private post_status. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access or above to enroll in private courses by sending a crafted POST request with the target course ID. The enrollment record is created in the database and the private course title and enrollment status are exposed in the subscriber's dashboard, though WordPress core access control prevents the subscriber from viewing the actual course content (returns 404). Enrollment in private courses should be restricted to users with the read_private_posts capability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3358"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-11T02:16:01Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Tutor LMS \u2013 eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized private course enrollment in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.7. This is due to missing post_status validation in the `enroll_now()` and `course_enrollment()` functions. Both enrollment endpoints verify the nonce, user authentication, and whether the course is purchasable, but fail to check if the course has a `private` post_status. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access or above to enroll in private courses by sending a crafted POST request with the target course ID. The enrollment record is created in the database and the private course title and enrollment status are exposed in the subscriber\u0027s dashboard, though WordPress core access control prevents the subscriber from viewing the actual course content (returns 404). Enrollment in private courses should be restricted to users with the `read_private_posts` capability.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf3h-x5xj-q2g5",
  "modified": "2026-04-11T03:30:30Z",
  "published": "2026-04-11T03:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3358"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.7/classes/Course.php#L134"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.7/classes/Course.php#L2066"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/trunk/classes/Course.php#L2053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/trunk/classes/Course.php#L2989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3496394/tutor/trunk/classes/Course.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Ftutor/tags/3.9.7\u0026new_path=%2Ftutor/tags/3.9.8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0c173356-7228-4253-bb28-2c2e11af76fd?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF3V-X7JP-6X6P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpdirectorykit WP Directory Kit allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects WP Directory Kit: from n/a through 1.3.8.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-60120"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T09:15:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpdirectorykit WP Directory Kit allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects WP Directory Kit: from n/a through 1.3.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf3v-x7jp-6x6p",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:21Z",
  "published": "2025-09-26T09:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wpdirectorykit/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-directory-kit-plugin-1-3-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF42-3PGF-R88C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Search Atlas SEO – Premier SEO Plugin for One-Click WP Publishing & Integrated AI Optimization plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass due to a missing capability check on the 'generate_sso_url' and 'validate_sso_token' functions in versions 2.4.4 to 2.5.12. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to extract the 'nonce_token' authentication value to log in to the first Administrator's account.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14386"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T12:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Search Atlas SEO \u2013 Premier SEO Plugin for One-Click WP Publishing \u0026 Integrated AI Optimization plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass due to a missing capability check on the \u0027generate_sso_url\u0027 and \u0027validate_sso_token\u0027 functions in versions 2.4.4 to 2.5.12. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to extract the \u0027nonce_token\u0027 authentication value to log in to the first Administrator\u0027s account.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf42-3pgf-r88c",
  "modified": "2026-01-28T12:30:28Z",
  "published": "2026-01-28T12:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14386"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/metasync/tags/2.5.12/admin/class-metasync-admin.php#L1042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/metasync/tags/2.5.12/admin/class-metasync-admin.php#L1141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/metasync/tags/2.5.12/admin/class-metasync-admin.php#L851"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6f63d2c4-cbae-4177-8494-daca96449ecc?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF5H-78MJ-WJX6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-10 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-15 18:30
VLAI
Details

In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47478"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-10T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf5h-78mj-wjx6",
  "modified": "2023-03-15T18:30:25Z",
  "published": "2023-03-10T21:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1632612109718192129"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF78-3RPF-R784

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 20:19 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:19
VLAI
Summary
Anyquery: Local File Read (LFR) via Unrestricted SQLite Virtual Table Modules in Server Mode
Details

Summary

Anyquery's server mode lacks input sanitization and access control over its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., csv_reader, log_reader). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to local files on the system (e.g., /etc/passwd, ~/.ssh/id_rsa). This allows full Local File Read (LFR) capabilities, compromising sensitive system configurations and credentials.

Details

Anyquery utilizes the hashicorp/go-getter library within its data ingestion modules. When Anyquery is launched in Server Mode (anyquery server), it binds to a TCP port and accepts MySQL protocol connections. The server handler does not restrict the usage of these virtual table modules to safe directories. An attacker can connect to the server and execute native SQLite virtual table creation queries to instantiate modules like csv_reader pointing to restricted files. Because the file read operation is initiated by the Anyquery server process, the attacker can read any file the process has access to.

PoC (Proof of Concept)

  1. Start the server on the victim machine: bash anyquery server --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8070
  2. Connect from an attacker machine: bash mysql -u root -h <VICTIM_IP> -P 8070
  3. Execute the following payload to read /etc/passwd: sql CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE passwd USING csv_reader('/etc/passwd'); SELECT * FROM passwd;

Impact

  • Confidentiality: High. Complete compromise of local file system confidentiality.
  • Integrity: None.
  • Availability: None.
  • CVSS Score: 7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Remediation

Implement a sandboxing mechanism in Server Mode (e.g., a --restrict-paths flag) to limit read_* operations to designated directories.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 0.4.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/julien040/anyquery"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54629"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-552",
      "CWE-73",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-14T20:19:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nAnyquery\u0027s `server` mode lacks input sanitization and access control over its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., `csv_reader`, `log_reader`). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to local files on the system (e.g., `/etc/passwd`, `~/.ssh/id_rsa`). This allows full Local File Read (LFR) capabilities, compromising sensitive system configurations and credentials.\n\n## Details\nAnyquery utilizes the `hashicorp/go-getter` library within its data ingestion modules. When Anyquery is launched in **Server Mode** (`anyquery server`), it binds to a TCP port and accepts MySQL protocol connections. The server handler does not restrict the usage of these virtual table modules to safe directories. An attacker can connect to the server and execute native SQLite virtual table creation queries to instantiate modules like `csv_reader` pointing to restricted files. Because the file read operation is initiated by the Anyquery server process, the attacker can read any file the process has access to.\n\n## PoC (Proof of Concept)\n1. Start the server on the victim machine:\n   ```bash\n   anyquery server --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8070\n   ```\n2. Connect from an attacker machine:\n   ```bash\n   mysql -u root -h \u003cVICTIM_IP\u003e -P 8070\n   ```\n3. Execute the following payload to read `/etc/passwd`:\n   ```sql\n   CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE passwd USING csv_reader(\u0027/etc/passwd\u0027);\n   SELECT * FROM passwd;\n   ```\n\n## Impact\n- **Confidentiality:** High. Complete compromise of local file system confidentiality.\n- **Integrity:** None.\n- **Availability:** None.\n- **CVSS Score:** 7.5 (High) - `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N`\n\n## Remediation\nImplement a sandboxing mechanism in Server Mode (e.g., a `--restrict-paths` flag) to limit `read_*` operations to designated directories.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf78-3rpf-r784",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T20:19:07Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T20:19:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/security/advisories/GHSA-mf78-3rpf-r784"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/releases/tag/0.4.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Anyquery: Local File Read (LFR) via Unrestricted SQLite Virtual Table Modules in Server Mode"
}

GHSA-MF98-5JRC-H8CV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-14 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-14 18:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Secure FMC Software could allow an authenticated, low-privileged, remote attacker to retrieve a generated report from a different domain.

This vulnerability is due to missing authorization checks. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by directly accessing a generated report file for a different domain that is managed on the same Cisco Secure FMC instance. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access a previously run report for a different domain, which could allow an attacker to read activity recorded in that domain.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-20302"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-14T17:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Secure FMC Software could allow an authenticated, low-privileged, remote attacker to retrieve a generated report from a different domain.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to missing authorization checks. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by directly accessing a generated report file for a different domain that is managed on the same Cisco Secure FMC instance. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access a previously run report for a different domain, which could allow an attacker to read activity recorded in that domain.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf98-5jrc-h8cv",
  "modified": "2025-08-14T18:31:30Z",
  "published": "2025-08-14T18:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20302"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-authz-bypass-M7xhnAu"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MFC4-5W6J-R334

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Vagary Digital HREFLANG Tags Lite.This issue affects HREFLANG Tags Lite: from n/a through 2.0.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36418"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-17T16:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Vagary Digital HREFLANG Tags Lite.This issue affects HREFLANG Tags Lite: from n/a through 2.0.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-mfc4-5w6j-r334",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:48Z",
  "published": "2024-01-17T18:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/hreflang-tags-by-dcgws/wordpress-hreflang-tags-lite-plugin-2-0-0-unauthenticated-plugin-data-reset-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.