Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14584 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-HVCW-X8R7-VQVW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 12:30 – Updated: 2025-12-16 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Schedule Post Changes With PublishPress Future: Unpublish, Delete, Change Status, Trash, Change Categories plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the getAuthors function in all versions up to, and including, 4.9.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to retrieve emails for all users with edit_posts capability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13741"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T12:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Schedule Post Changes With PublishPress Future: Unpublish, Delete, Change Status, Trash, Change Categories plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the getAuthors function in all versions up to, and including, 4.9.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to retrieve emails for all users with edit_posts capability.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvcw-x8r7-vqvw",
  "modified": "2025-12-16T12:30:28Z",
  "published": "2025-12-16T12:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13741"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/post-expirator/tags/4.9.1/src/Modules/Workflows/Rest/RestApiV1.php#L376"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2f67da8c-da60-4c77-a8b8-7dfc027662e9?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HVGP-FGF4-2P5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 12:35 – Updated: 2026-07-13 12:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in magepeopleteam Booking and Rental Manager booking-and-rental-manager-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Booking and Rental Manager: from n/a through <= 2.6.9.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57404"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-13T10:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in magepeopleteam Booking and Rental Manager booking-and-rental-manager-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Booking and Rental Manager: from n/a through \u003c= 2.6.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvgp-fgf4-2p5f",
  "modified": "2026-07-13T12:35:03Z",
  "published": "2026-07-13T12:35:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57404"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/booking-and-rental-manager-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-booking-and-rental-manager-plugin-2-6-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HVJ5-HW3P-69RG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Essential Plugin Featured Post Creative featured-post-creative allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Featured Post Creative: from n/a through <= 1.5.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66106"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T13:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Essential Plugin Featured Post Creative featured-post-creative allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Featured Post Creative: from n/a through \u003c= 1.5.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvj5-hw3p-69rg",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:56Z",
  "published": "2025-11-21T15:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/featured-post-creative/vulnerability/wordpress-featured-post-creative-plugin-1-5-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/featured-post-creative/vulnerability/wordpress-featured-post-creative-plugin-1-5-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HVJP-3X5G-4G4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 00:31
VLAI
Details

The Material Master application does not enforce authorization checks for authenticated users when executing reports, resulting in the disclosure of sensitive information. This vulnerability has a low impact on confidentiality and does not affect integrity and availability of the system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27672"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T00:16:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Material Master application does not enforce authorization checks for authenticated users when executing reports, resulting in the disclosure of sensitive information. This vulnerability has a low impact on confidentiality and does not affect integrity and availability of the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvjp-3x5g-4g4f",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T00:31:13Z",
  "published": "2026-04-14T00:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27672"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3703276"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HVM3-WMF4-5R36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-28 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-28 19:00
VLAI
Details

The Bricks theme for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the bricks_save_post AJAX action in versions 1.0 to 1.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with minimal permissions, such as a subscriber, to edit any page, post, or template on the vulnerable WordPress website.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3400"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-28T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Bricks theme for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the bricks_save_post AJAX action in versions 1.0 to 1.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with minimal permissions, such as a subscriber, to edit any page, post, or template on the vulnerable WordPress website.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvm3-wmf4-5r36",
  "modified": "2022-10-28T19:00:30Z",
  "published": "2022-10-28T19:00:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3400"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bricksbuilder.io"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/vulnerability-advisories-continued/#CVE-2022-3400"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HVRP-RF83-W775

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 19:56 – Updated: 2026-07-16 19:56
VLAI
Summary
MCP Python SDK: Experimental task handlers allow any client to access and cancel other clients' tasks
Details

Summary

In affected versions, the default request handlers installed by the experimental tasks feature (server.experimental.enable_tasks()) did not check which session created a task before acting on it. On a server with more than one connected client, any client could observe, read results from, and cancel tasks belonging to other clients.

Am I affected?

Only if the developer's application server calls server.experimental.enable_tasks(). If grep -r enable_tasks over their codebase finds nothing, the application is not affected.

Details

When tasks support is enabled on the low-level server, default handlers are registered for tasks/list, tasks/get, tasks/result, and tasks/cancel. These handlers operated on the task identifier alone and kept no record of the session that created each task. Because tasks/list returned every task in the store, a connected client did not need to know any identifiers in advance: it could enumerate all tasks, read any task's status and result via tasks/get and tasks/result, retrieve queued task messages — such as elicitation requests intended for the task's creator, which are removed from the queue on delivery, so the intended recipient never receives them — and cancel any task via tasks/cancel.

Impact

Servers that call server.experimental.enable_tasks() and serve multiple clients are affected: one client can read other clients' task results and elicitation payloads, consume messages meant for them, and cancel their tasks. The feature is experimental and opt-in, so servers that never enable it are unaffected. Servers that registered their own task handlers instead of the defaults are affected only if those handlers have the same omission.

Mitigation

Upgrade to version 1.27.2 or later, in which task IDs generated by run_task() embed an opaque per-session marker and the default handlers restrict each session to its own tasks: requests for another session's task receive "task not found", and tasks/list returns only the requesting session's tasks. Tasks created with explicitly chosen IDs or written directly through a TaskStore remain reachable by ID but are not listed. Alternatively, leave the experimental tasks feature disabled, or register task handlers that validate session ownership.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.27.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "mcp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.23.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.27.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-52870"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-16T19:56:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-15T20:17:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nIn affected versions, the default request handlers installed by the experimental tasks feature (`server.experimental.enable_tasks()`) did not check which session created a task before acting on it. On a server with more than one connected client, any client could observe, read results from, and cancel tasks belonging to other clients.\n\n### Am I affected?\nOnly if the developer\u0027s application server calls `server.experimental.enable_tasks()`. If `grep -r enable_tasks` over their codebase finds nothing, the application is not affected.\n\n### Details\nWhen tasks support is enabled on the low-level server, default handlers are registered for `tasks/list`, `tasks/get`, `tasks/result`, and `tasks/cancel`. These handlers operated on the task identifier alone and kept no record of the session that created each task. Because `tasks/list` returned every task in the store, a connected client did not need to know any identifiers in advance: it could enumerate all tasks, read any task\u0027s status and result via `tasks/get` and `tasks/result`, retrieve queued task messages \u2014 such as elicitation requests intended for the task\u0027s creator, which are removed from the queue on delivery, so the intended recipient never receives them \u2014 and cancel any task via `tasks/cancel`.\n\n### Impact\nServers that call `server.experimental.enable_tasks()` and serve multiple clients are affected: one client can read other clients\u0027 task results and elicitation payloads, consume messages meant for them, and cancel their tasks. The feature is experimental and opt-in, so servers that never enable it are unaffected. Servers that registered their own task handlers instead of the defaults are affected only if those handlers have the same omission.\n\n### Mitigation\nUpgrade to version 1.27.2 or later, in which task IDs generated by `run_task()` embed an opaque per-session marker and the default handlers restrict each session to its own tasks: requests for another session\u0027s task receive \"task not found\", and `tasks/list` returns only the requesting session\u0027s tasks. Tasks created with explicitly chosen IDs or written directly through a `TaskStore` remain reachable by ID but are not listed. Alternatively, leave the experimental tasks feature disabled, or register task handlers that validate session ownership.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvrp-rf83-w775",
  "modified": "2026-07-16T19:56:12Z",
  "published": "2026-07-16T19:56:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-hvrp-rf83-w775"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-52870"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/pull/2720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/commit/62137874ff26dd74d2fea80ff528a7fd9ca7a5e7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/releases/tag/v1.27.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MCP Python SDK: Experimental task handlers allow any client to access and cancel other clients\u0027 tasks"
}

GHSA-HVWQ-39R8-6778

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-07 15:31
VLAI
Details

The Email Notifications for Updates plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the awun_import_settings() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2933"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-05T02:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Email Notifications for Updates plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the awun_import_settings() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.",
  "id": "GHSA-hvwq-39r8-6778",
  "modified": "2025-04-07T15:31:09Z",
  "published": "2025-04-07T15:31:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2933"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3265589%40wp-update-mail-notification\u0026new=3265589%40wp-update-mail-notification"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d52e644b-a58f-4e09-9e53-e9cbef75e34f?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HW37-MP79-68G4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sanjaysolutions Loginplus allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Loginplus: from n/a through 1.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23514"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T20:15:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sanjaysolutions Loginplus allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Loginplus: from n/a through 1.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-hw37-mp79-68g4",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:11Z",
  "published": "2025-01-16T21:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23514"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/loginplus/vulnerability/wordpress-loginplus-plugin-1-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HW3F-962Q-P4VJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-04 12:30 – Updated: 2026-06-30 21:31
VLAI
Details

In affected versions of Octopus Server, permissions were not checked correctly resulting in any authenticated user being able to make server level changes using a certain API endpoint despite receiving an error.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4881"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T10:16:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In affected versions of Octopus Server, permissions were not checked correctly resulting in any authenticated user being able to make server level changes using a certain API endpoint despite receiving an error.",
  "id": "GHSA-hw3f-962q-p4vj",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T21:31:36Z",
  "published": "2026-06-04T12:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4881"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisories.octopus.com/post/2026/sa2026-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HW3R-J5MP-83H8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Essekia Tablesome tablesome allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tablesome: from n/a through <= 1.1.34.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66526"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Essekia Tablesome tablesome allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tablesome: from n/a through \u003c= 1.1.34.",
  "id": "GHSA-hw3r-j5mp-83h8",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:04Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66526"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tablesome/vulnerability/wordpress-tablesome-plugin-1-1-34-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tablesome/vulnerability/wordpress-tablesome-plugin-1-1-34-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.