CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2174 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V6RF-W7JV-9FMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-15 00:01 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31Lack of administrator control over security vulnerability in MELSEC-F series FX3U-ENET Firmware version 1.14 and prior, FX3U-ENET-L Firmware version 1.14 and prior and FX3U-ENET-P502 Firmware version 1.14 and prior allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition in communication function of the product or other unspecified effects by sending specially crafted packets to an unnecessary opening of TCP port. Control by MELSEC-F series PLC is not affected by this vulnerability, but system reset is required for recovery.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20612"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Lack of administrator control over security vulnerability in MELSEC-F series FX3U-ENET Firmware version 1.14 and prior, FX3U-ENET-L Firmware version 1.14 and prior and FX3U-ENET-P502 Firmware version 1.14 and prior allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition in communication function of the product or other unspecified effects by sending specially crafted packets to an unnecessary opening of TCP port. Control by MELSEC-F series PLC is not affected by this vulnerability, but system reset is required for recovery.",
"id": "GHSA-v6rf-w7jv-9fmc",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-01-15T00:01:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20612"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU93268332/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-013-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/en/psirt/vulnerability/pdf/2021-023_en.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V6VX-4WQX-25C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 09:36Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control vulnerability in E-Kent Pallium Vehicle Tracking allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Pallium Vehicle Tracking: before 17.10.2024.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9334"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control vulnerability in E-Kent Pallium Vehicle Tracking allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Pallium Vehicle Tracking: before 17.10.2024.",
"id": "GHSA-v6vx-4wqx-25c4",
"modified": "2026-06-02T09:36:14Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T15:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0044"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V7GV-XPGF-6395
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-25 18:41 – Updated: 2024-11-25 18:41A flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue occurs because sensitive runtime values, such as passwords, may be captured during the Keycloak build process and embedded as default values in bytecode, leading to unintended information disclosure. In Keycloak 26, sensitive data specified directly in environment variables during the build process is also stored as a default values, making it accessible during runtime. Indirect usage of environment variables for SPI options and Quarkus properties is also vulnerable due to unconditional expansion by PropertyMapper logic, capturing sensitive data as default values in all Keycloak versions up to 26.0.2.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "24.0.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "25.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10451"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-25T18:41:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue occurs because sensitive runtime values, such as passwords, may be captured during the Keycloak build process and embedded as default values in bytecode, leading to unintended information disclosure. In Keycloak 26, sensitive data specified directly in environment variables during the build process is also stored as a default values, making it accessible during runtime. Indirect usage of environment variables for SPI options and Quarkus properties is also vulnerable due to unconditional expansion by PropertyMapper logic, capturing sensitive data as default values in all Keycloak versions up to 26.0.2.",
"id": "GHSA-v7gv-xpgf-6395",
"modified": "2024-11-25T18:41:17Z",
"published": "2024-11-25T18:41:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-v7gv-xpgf-6395"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/198214310eb45b86707f823ccb5a2d65c814b528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-10451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2322096"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Keycloak Build Process Exposes Sensitive Data"
}
GHSA-V7HM-FFJJ-P8G7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30Triangle MicroWorks SCADA Data Gateway Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Triangle MicroWorks SCADA Data Gateway. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of certificates. The service uses a hard-coded default SSL certificate. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-20509.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Triangle MicroWorks SCADA Data Gateway Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Triangle MicroWorks SCADA Data Gateway. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of certificates. The service uses a hard-coded default SSL certificate. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-20509.",
"id": "GHSA-v7hm-ffjj-p8g7",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:56Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trianglemicroworks.com/products/scada-data-gateway/what\u0027s-new"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V7WJ-223X-4H9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-24 00:01An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the router configuration export functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.4. A specially-crafted network request can lead to increased privileges. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-326",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-12T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the router configuration export functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.4. A specially-crafted network request can lead to increased privileges. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-v7wj-223x-4h9h",
"modified": "2022-05-24T00:01:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T00:00:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.inhandnetworks.com/upload/attachment/202205/10/InHand-PSA-2022-01.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V82H-9XHX-C8HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-06-06 00:30Chirp Access improperly stores credentials within its source code, potentially exposing sensitive information to unauthorized access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-259",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-20T01:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "\nChirp Access improperly stores credentials within its source code, potentially exposing sensitive information to unauthorized access.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-v82h-9xhx-c8hg",
"modified": "2024-06-06T00:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-03-20T15:32:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://statement.chirpsystems.com/chirp-systems-icsa-24-067-01-response.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-067-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V837-74CQ-PRFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-19 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:43Technicolor TG670 10.5.N.9 devices contain multiple accounts with hard-coded passwords. One account has administrative privileges, allowing for unrestricted access over the WAN interface if Remote Administration is enabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31808"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-19T14:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Technicolor TG670 10.5.N.9 devices contain multiple accounts with hard-coded passwords. One account has administrative privileges, allowing for unrestricted access over the WAN interface if Remote Administration is enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-v837-74cq-prfj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:43:58Z",
"published": "2023-09-19T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/913565"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V84G-528V-42PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:48Rockwell Automation's FactoryTalk System Services uses a hard-coded cryptographic key to generate administrator cookies. Hard-coded cryptographic key may lead to privilege escalation. This vulnerability may allow a local, authenticated non-admin user to generate an invalid administrator cookie giving them administrative privileges to the FactoryTalk Policy Manger database. This may allow the threat actor to make malicious changes to the database that will be deployed when a legitimate FactoryTalk Policy Manager user deploys a security policy model. User interaction is required for this vulnerability to be successfully exploited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2637"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nRockwell Automation\u0027s FactoryTalk System Services uses a hard-coded cryptographic key to generate administrator cookies.\u00a0 Hard-coded cryptographic key may lead to privilege escalation.\u00a0 This vulnerability may allow a local, authenticated non-admin user to generate an invalid administrator cookie giving them administrative privileges to the FactoryTalk Policy Manger database. This may allow the threat actor to make malicious changes to the database that will be deployed when a legitimate FactoryTalk Policy Manager user deploys a security policy model. User interaction is required for this vulnerability to be successfully exploited.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-v84g-528v-42pp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:48:01Z",
"published": "2023-06-13T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1139683"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V86F-GR22-G9HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-16 00:01Bettini Srl GAMS Product Line v4.3.0 was discovered to re-use static SSH keys across installations, allowing unauthenticated attackers to login as root users via extracting a key from the software.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-04T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Bettini Srl GAMS Product Line v4.3.0 was discovered to re-use static SSH keys across installations, allowing unauthenticated attackers to login as root users via extracting a key from the software.",
"id": "GHSA-v86f-gr22-g9hh",
"modified": "2022-04-16T00:01:35Z",
"published": "2022-04-05T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.andreabruschi.net/2022/02/17/bettini-s-r-l-sgsetup-hard-coded-ssh-private-key"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V897-5QJ5-2G64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:55Unauthorized APE administration privileges can be achieved by reverse engineering one of the APE service tools. The service tool is discontinued with Bosch Access Professional Edition (APE) 3.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-12T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unauthorized APE administration privileges can be achieved by reverse engineering one of the APE service tools. The service tool is discontinued with Bosch Access Professional Edition (APE) 3.8.",
"id": "GHSA-v897-5qj5-2g64",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:55:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.bosch.com/Advisory/BOSCH-SA-710832.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.