CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2185 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FJ2F-9P45-MVJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30NETGEAR RAX30 Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of NETGEAR RAX30 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the system configuration. The system contains a hardcoded user account which can be used to access the CLI service as a low-privileged user. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-19660.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NETGEAR RAX30 Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of NETGEAR RAX30 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the system configuration. The system contains a hardcoded user account which can be used to access the CLI service as a low-privileged user. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-19660.",
"id": "GHSA-fj2f-9p45-mvjp",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000065650/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-the-RAX30-PSV-2023-0003-PSV-2023-0004?article=000065650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-838"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJ49-XVP9-P96Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-27 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:57Hardcoded manufacturer credentials and an OS command injection vulnerability in the /cgi-bin/mft/ directory on ABUS TVIP TVIP20050 LM.1.6.18, TVIP10051 LM.1.6.18, TVIP11050 MG.1.6.03.05, TVIP20550 LM.1.6.18, TVIP10050 LM.1.6.18, TVIP11550 MG.1.6.03, TVIP21050 MG.1.6.03, and TVIP51550 MG.1.6.03 cameras allow remote attackers to execute code as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-26T22:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Hardcoded manufacturer credentials and an OS command injection vulnerability in the /cgi-bin/mft/ directory on ABUS TVIP TVIP20050 LM.1.6.18, TVIP10051 LM.1.6.18, TVIP11050 MG.1.6.03.05, TVIP20550 LM.1.6.18, TVIP10050 LM.1.6.18, TVIP11550 MG.1.6.03, TVIP21050 MG.1.6.03, and TVIP51550 MG.1.6.03 cameras allow remote attackers to execute code as root.",
"id": "GHSA-fj49-xvp9-p96q",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:57:12Z",
"published": "2023-10-27T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.maride.cc/posts/abus"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ccc.de/en/updates/2019/update-nicht-verfugbar-hersteller-nicht-zu-erreichen"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJ6F-975W-5XRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 18:30 – Updated: 2025-09-23 21:30AiKaan Cloud Controller uses a single hardcoded SSH private key and the username proxyuser for remote terminal access to all managed IoT/edge devices. When an administrator initiates "Open Remote Terminal" from the AiKaan dashboard, the controller sends this same static private key to the target device. The device then uses it to establish a reverse SSH tunnel to a remote access server, enabling browser-based SSH access for the administrator. Because the same proxyuser account and SSH key are reused across all customer environments: - An attacker who obtains the key (e.g., by intercepting it in transit, extracting it from the remote access server, or from a compromised admin account) can impersonate any managed device. - They can establish unauthorized reverse SSH tunnels and interact with devices without the owner's consent. This is a design flaw in the authentication model: compromise of a single key compromises the trust boundary between the controller and devices.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T16:15:45Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "AiKaan Cloud Controller uses a single hardcoded SSH private key and the username `proxyuser` for remote terminal access to all managed IoT/edge devices. When an administrator initiates \"Open Remote Terminal\" from the AiKaan dashboard, the controller sends this same static private key to the target device. The device then uses it to establish a reverse SSH tunnel to a remote access server, enabling browser-based SSH access for the administrator. Because the same `proxyuser` account and SSH key are reused across all customer environments: - An attacker who obtains the key (e.g., by intercepting it in transit, extracting it from the remote access server, or from a compromised admin account) can impersonate any managed device. - They can establish unauthorized reverse SSH tunnels and interact with devices without the owner\u0027s consent. This is a design flaw in the authentication model: compromise of a single key compromises the trust boundary between the controller and devices.",
"id": "GHSA-fj6f-975w-5xrx",
"modified": "2025-09-23T21:30:54Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Shubhangborkar/aikaan-vulnerabilities/blob/main/cve1-shared-ssh-key.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FM5R-92MG-2VJC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-07 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-10 00:00In TOTOLINK A3002R TOTOLINK-A3002R-He-V1.1.1-B20200824.0128 in the shadow.sample file, root is hardcoded in the firmware.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In TOTOLINK A3002R TOTOLINK-A3002R-He-V1.1.1-B20200824.0128 in the shadow.sample file, root is hardcoded in the firmware.",
"id": "GHSA-fm5r-92mg-2vjc",
"modified": "2022-09-10T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-09-07T00:01:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/1759134370/iot/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A3002R/4.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FMC4-V39V-PHR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-26 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-26 15:31A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in TOTOLINK T10 AC1200 4.1.8cu.5207. Affected is an unknown function of the file /squashfs-root/web_cste/cgi-bin/product.ini of the component Telnet Service. The manipulation leads to hard-coded credentials. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-26T13:15:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in TOTOLINK T10 AC1200 4.1.8cu.5207. Affected is an unknown function of the file /squashfs-root/web_cste/cgi-bin/product.ini of the component Telnet Service. The manipulation leads to hard-coded credentials. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-fmc4-v39v-phr8",
"modified": "2024-08-26T15:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-08-26T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rohitburke/TOTOLINK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.275760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.275760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.392015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FMMF-R287-5VMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19Eaton Power Xpert Meter 4000, 6000, and 8000 devices before 13.4.0.10 have a single SSH private key across different customers' installations and do not properly restrict access to this key, which makes it easier for remote attackers to perform SSH logins (to uid 0) via the PubkeyAuthentication option.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16158"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-30T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Eaton Power Xpert Meter 4000, 6000, and 8000 devices before 13.4.0.10 have a single SSH private key across different customers\u0027 installations and do not properly restrict access to this key, which makes it easier for remote attackers to perform SSH logins (to uid 0) via the PubkeyAuthentication option.",
"id": "GHSA-fmmf-r287-5vmf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BrianWGray/msf/blob/master/exploits/linux/ssh/eaton_known_privkey.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ctrlu.net/vuln/0006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/company/news-insights/cybersecurity/security-bulletins/PXM-Advisory.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FMXW-52W5-JC84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36A Use of Hard-Coded Cryptographic Key issue was discovered in Hyundai Motor America Blue Link 3.9.5 and 3.9.4. The application uses a hard-coded decryption password to protect sensitive user information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-26T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Use of Hard-Coded Cryptographic Key issue was discovered in Hyundai Motor America Blue Link 3.9.5 and 3.9.4. The application uses a hard-coded decryption password to protect sensitive user information.",
"id": "GHSA-fmxw-52w5-jc84",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/infosec/blog/2017/04/25/r7-2017-02-hyundai-blue-link-potential-info-disclosure-fixed"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-115-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98033"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FP2W-G92G-FGQ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-18 03:30 – Updated: 2023-04-21 20:26https://nuxt.com had a hardcoded GitHub token in the source code of the page. This token had access to multiple repositories under nuxt, nuxtlabs and nuxt-themes GitHub organizations. A patch in version 1.6.2 fixed the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@nuxtlabs/github-module"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-21T20:26:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-18T01:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "https://nuxt.com had a hardcoded GitHub token in the source code of the page. This token had access to multiple repositories under `nuxt`, `nuxtlabs` and `nuxt-themes` GitHub organizations. A patch in version 1.6.2 fixed the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-fp2w-g92g-fgq4",
"modified": "2023-04-21T20:26:07Z",
"published": "2023-04-18T03:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nuxtlabs/github-module/commit/5490c43f729eee60f07920bf88c0aabdc1398b6e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nuxtlabs/github-module"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nuxtlabs/github-module/releases/tag/v1.6.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/65096ef9-eafc-49da-b49a-5b88c0203ca6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@nuxtlabs/github-module made Use of Hard-coded Credentials"
}
GHSA-FPC8-954C-R7PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:12 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:12In Dedos-web 1.0, the cookie and session secrets used in the Express.js application have hardcoded values that are visible in the source code published on GitHub. An attacker can edit the contents of the session cookie and re-sign it using the hardcoded secret. Due to the use of Passport.js, this could lead to privilege escalation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-05T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Dedos-web 1.0, the cookie and session secrets used in the Express.js application have hardcoded values that are visible in the source code published on GitHub. An attacker can edit the contents of the session cookie and re-sign it using the hardcoded secret. Due to the use of Passport.js, this could lead to privilege escalation.",
"id": "GHSA-fpc8-954c-r7pq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:12:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:12:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aprendecondedos/dedos-web/pull/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.digitalinterruption.com/single-post/2018/06/04/Are-Your-Cookies-Telling-Your-Fortune"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FPWP-8GHR-M986
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01Trendnet TEW733GR v1.03B01 contains a Static Default Credential vulnerability in /etc/init0.d/S80telnetd.sh.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-28T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Trendnet TEW733GR v1.03B01 contains a Static Default Credential vulnerability in /etc/init0.d/S80telnetd.sh.",
"id": "GHSA-fpwp-8ghr-m986",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:04Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xxy1126/Vuln/tree/main/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.