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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-78

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

9319 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-0652 (GCVE-0-2026-0652)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:27 – Updated: 2026-02-11 15:10
VLAI
Title
Remote Code Execution on TP-Link Tapo C260 by Guest User
Summary
On TP-Link Tapo C260 v1, command injection vulnerability exists due to improper sanitization in certain POST parameters during configuration synchronization. An authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary system commands with high impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability. It may cause full device compromise.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-11 15:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TP-Link Systems Inc. Tapo C260 v1 Affected: 0 , < 1.1.9 Build 251226 Rel.55870n (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0631 (GCVE-0-2026-0631)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 17:48 – Updated: 2026-07-31 23:12
VLAI
Title
Command Injection Vulnerability on Archer BE230 + OpenVPN of AXE75
Summary
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SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-03 04:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TP-Link Systems Inc. Archer BE230 v1.2 Affected: 0 , < 1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
TP-Link Systems Inc. Archer AXE75 v1 Affected: 0 , < 1.5.6 Build 20260623 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0630 (GCVE-0-2026-0630)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 17:48 – Updated: 2026-03-19 22:22
VLAI
Title
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and AXE75 v1.0
Summary
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2(web modules) and Archer AXE75 v1.0 allows adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the device, resulting in severe compromise of configuration integrity, network security, and service availability. This CVE covers one of multiple distinct OS command injection issues identified across separate code paths. Although similar in nature, each instance is tracked under a unique CVE ID.This issue affects Archer BE230 v1.2 < 1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 and Archer AXE v1.0 < 1.5.3 Build 20260209 rel. 71108.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-03 04:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TP-Link Systems Inc. Archer BE230 v1.2 Affected: 0 , < 1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
TP Link Systems Inc. AXE75 v1.0 Affected: 0 , < 1.5.3 Build 20260209 rel. 71108 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0596 (GCVE-0-2026-0596)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 14:25 – Updated: 2026-04-01 03:55
VLAI
Title
Command Injection in mlflow/mlflow
Summary
A command injection vulnerability exists in mlflow/mlflow when serving a model with `enable_mlserver=True`. The `model_uri` is embedded directly into a shell command executed via `bash -c` without proper sanitization. If the `model_uri` contains shell metacharacters, such as `$()` or backticks, it allows for command substitution and execution of attacker-controlled commands. This vulnerability affects the latest version of mlflow/mlflow and can lead to privilege escalation if a higher-privileged service serves models from a directory writable by lower-privileged users.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mlflow mlflow/mlflow Affected: unspecified , ≤ latest (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0507 (GCVE-0-2026-0507)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 01:15 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
Title
OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK
Summary
Due to an OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK, an authenticated attacker with administrative access and adjacent network access could upload specially crafted content to the server. If processed by the application, this content enables execution of arbitrary operating system commands. Successful exploitation could lead to full compromise of the system�s confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 04:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SAP_SE SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK Affected: KRNL64UC 7.53
Affected: NWRFCSDK 7.50
Affected: KERNEL 7.53
Affected: 7.54
Affected: 7.77
Affected: 7.89
Affected: 7.93
Affected: 9.16
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0383 (GCVE-0-2026-0383)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-03 03:55 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
Title
Information disclosure in Brocade Fabric OS before 9.2.1c2, 9.2.2 through 9.2.2a and 10.0.0
Summary
A vulnerability in Brocade Fabric OS could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privileges to access the Bash shell to access insecurely stored file contents including the history command.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-04 04:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Brocade Fabric OS Affected: before 9.2.1c2, 9.2.2 through 9.2.2a and 10.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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GCVE-1988-2026-0312

Vulnerability from gna-1988 – Published: 2026-09-08 18:02 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:02
VLAI
Title
[0day-rubbish] core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468) Systemic shell command injection via ineffective quote escaping (8.8)
Summary
TO: fulldisclosure () seclists org SUBJECT: [0day-rubbish] core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468) Systemic shell command injection via ineffective quote escaping (8.8) FROM: disclosure () 0day-rubbish com ----BODY---- 0day Rubbish Research Team is publicly disclosing a vulnerability in core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468). Type: Systemic shell command injection via ineffective quote escaping (CWE-78) CVSS: 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Impact: arbitrary command execution as root, systemically reachable through 32 configuration sinks Authentication: authenticated (valid admin/session required) Full technical analysis and a reproducible proof-of-concept: https://0day-rubbish.com/blog/core-admin-escape-param-command-injection-rce Project archive (ongoing disclosure series): https://github.com/Exploit-Garbage/0day-Rubbish Vendor has been notified. CVE ID is pending. -- 0day Rubbish Research Team disclosure () 0day-rubbish com https://0day-rubbish.com _______________________________________________ Sent through the Full Disclosure mailing list https://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure Web Archives & RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
unknown core-admin Affected: unknown
Create a notification for this product.

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GCVE-1988-2026-0311

Vulnerability from gna-1988 – Published: 2026-09-08 18:02 – Updated: 2026-09-11 11:58
VLAI
Title
[0day-rubbish] OP5 Monitor 9.20 Command injection surviving the CVE-2025-34115 patch (OPT-IN fix ineffective) (8.8)
Summary
TO: fulldisclosure () seclists org SUBJECT: [0day-rubbish] OP5 Monitor 9.20 Command injection surviving the CVE-2025-34115 patch (OPT-IN fix ineffective) (8.8) FROM: disclosure () 0day-rubbish com ----BODY---- 0day Rubbish Research Team is publicly disclosing a vulnerability in OP5 Monitor 9.20. Type: Command injection surviving the CVE-2025-34115 patch (OPT-IN fix ineffective) (CWE-78) CVSS: 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Impact: arbitrary command execution as the monitor service user despite the vendor patch for CVE-2025-34115 Authentication: authenticated (valid admin/session required) Full technical analysis and a reproducible proof-of-concept: https://0day-rubbish.com/blog/op5-monitor-cve-2025-34115-patch-bypass-rce Project archive (ongoing disclosure series): https://github.com/Exploit-Garbage/0day-Rubbish Vendor has been notified. CVE ID is pending. -- 0day Rubbish Research Team disclosure () 0day-rubbish com https://0day-rubbish.com _______________________________________________ Sent through the Full Disclosure mailing list https://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure Web Archives & RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Itrs Group Op5 Monitor Affected: unknown
Create a notification for this product.
Relationships
analysis GCVE-1988-2026-0311 (this record)

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GCVE-1988-2026-0310

Vulnerability from gna-1988 – Published: 2026-09-08 18:02 – Updated: 2026-09-11 11:58
VLAI
Title
[0day-rubbish] QuantaStor 6.8.3.018 Command injection in the alert-mail command via the smtpPassword field (8.8)
Summary
TO: fulldisclosure () seclists org SUBJECT: [0day-rubbish] QuantaStor 6.8.3.018 Command injection in the alert-mail command via the smtpPassword field (8.8) FROM: disclosure () 0day-rubbish com ----BODY---- 0day Rubbish Research Team is publicly disclosing a vulnerability in QuantaStor 6.8.3.018. Type: Command injection in the alert-mail command via the smtpPassword field (CWE-78) CVSS: 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Impact: arbitrary command execution as root on the storage appliance Authentication: authenticated (valid admin/session required) Full technical analysis and a reproducible proof-of-concept: https://0day-rubbish.com/blog/quantastor-alertconfigset-smtp-password-command-injection Project archive (ongoing disclosure series): https://github.com/Exploit-Garbage/0day-Rubbish Vendor has been notified. CVE ID is pending. -- 0day Rubbish Research Team disclosure () 0day-rubbish com https://0day-rubbish.com _______________________________________________ Sent through the Full Disclosure mailing list https://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure Web Archives & RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Osnexus Quantastor Affected: unknown
Create a notification for this product.
Relationships
analysis GCVE-1988-2026-0310 (this record)

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CVE-2026-0309 (GCVE-0-2026-0309)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 05:44 – Updated: 2026-09-11 03:56
VLAI
Title
PAN-OS: Authenticated Command Injection in CLI with Luna HSM Configuration
Summary
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the PAN-OS CLI and the device must be configured with a Luna Hardware Security Module (HSM). The security risk posed by this issue is significantly minimized when CLI access is restricted to a limited group of administrators. Panorama, Cloud NGFW, and Prisma® Access are not impacted by this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Palo Alto Networks Cloud NGFW Unaffected: All (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS Affected: 12.2.0 , < 12.2.3 (custom)
Affected: 12.1.0 , < 12.1.4-h10 (custom)
Affected: 11.2.0 , < 11.2.4-h21 (custom)
Affected: 11.1.0 , < 11.1.4-h36 (custom)
Affected: 10.2.0 , < 10.2.7-h37 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.7:h1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.4:h7:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.13:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h12:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h3:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h3:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Create a notification for this product.
Palo Alto Networks Prisma Access Unaffected: All , < 12.1.4-h10 (custom)
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Date Public
2026-09-09 16:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-0309",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-10T00:00:00+00:00",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-11T03:56:05.594Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Cloud NGFW",
          "vendor": "Palo Alto Networks",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "All",
              "versionType": "custom"
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              "value": "\u003ctable\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eVersion\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eMinor Version\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eSuggested Solution\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eCloud NGFW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eNo action needed.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 12.2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e12.2.0 through 12.2.2\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 12.2.3 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 12.1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e12.1.8 through 12.1.9\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 12.1.10 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e12.1.5 through 12.1.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 12.1.7-h5 or 12.1.10 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e12.1.2 through 12.1.4-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 12.1.4-h10 or 12.1.10 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 11.2\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.2.11 through 11.2.13-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.13-h2 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.2.8 through 11.2.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.10-h14 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.2.5 through 11.2.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.7-h20 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.2.0 through 11.2.4-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.4-h21 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 11.1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.1.14 through 11.1.16-h*\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade or 11.1.16-h2 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.1.11 through 11.1.13-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.13-h12 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.1.8 through 11.1.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.10-h33\u0026nbsp; or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.1.7 through 11.1.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.7-h10 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.1.5 through 11.1.6-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.6-h38 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e11.1.0 through 11.1.4-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.4-h36 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 10.2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e10.2.17 through \u003cbr\u003e10.2.18-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.18-h10 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e10.2.14 through 10.2.16-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.16-h10 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e10.2.11 through 10.2.13-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.13-h24 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e10.2.8 through 10.2.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.10-h40 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003e10.2.0 through 10.2.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n                                \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.7-h37 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n                            \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAll older\u003cbr\u003eunsupported\u003cbr\u003ePAN-OS versions\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to a supported fixed version.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003ePrisma Access\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eNo action needed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e"
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          "value": "Version\nMinor Version\nSuggested Solution\nCloud NGFW\u00a0No action needed.\n                                PAN-OS 12.2\n\n                                12.2.0 through 12.2.2\n                                Upgrade to 12.2.3 or later.\n                            \n                                PAN-OS 12.1\n\n                                12.1.8 through 12.1.9\n                                Upgrade to 12.1.10 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                12.1.5 through 12.1.7-h*\n                                Upgrade to 12.1.7-h5 or 12.1.10 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                12.1.2 through 12.1.4-h*\n                                Upgrade to 12.1.4-h10 or 12.1.10 or later.\n                            \n                                PAN-OS 11.2\n                                11.2.11 through 11.2.13-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.2.13-h2 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.2.8 through 11.2.10-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.2.10-h14 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.2.5 through 11.2.7-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.2.7-h20 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.2.0 through 11.2.4-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.2.4-h21 or later.\n                            \n                                PAN-OS 11.1\n\n                                11.1.14 through 11.1.16-h*\n\n                                Upgrade or 11.1.16-h2 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.1.11 through 11.1.13-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.1.13-h12 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.1.8 through 11.1.10-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.1.10-h33\u00a0 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.1.7 through 11.1.7-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.1.7-h10 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.1.5 through 11.1.6-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.1.6-h38 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                11.1.0 through 11.1.4-h*\n                                Upgrade to 11.1.4-h36 or later.\n                            \n                                PAN-OS 10.2\n\n                                10.2.17 through \n10.2.18-h*\n                                Upgrade to 10.2.18-h10 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                10.2.14 through 10.2.16-h*\n                                Upgrade to 10.2.16-h10 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                10.2.11 through 10.2.13-h*\n                                Upgrade to 10.2.13-h24 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                10.2.8 through 10.2.10-h*\n                                Upgrade to 10.2.10-h40 or later.\n                            \n                                \n                                10.2.0 through 10.2.7-h*\n                                Upgrade to 10.2.7-h37 or later.\n                            All older\nunsupported\nPAN-OS versions\u00a0Upgrade to a supported fixed version.Prisma Access\u00a0\nNo action needed."
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-09T16:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Initial Publication"
        }
      ],
      "title": "PAN-OS: Authenticated Command Injection in CLI with Luna HSM Configuration",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "eng",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "No known workarounds exist for this issue."
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          "value": "No known workarounds exist for this issue."
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      ],
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    "assignerShortName": "palo_alto",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-0309",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-10T05:44:10.148Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-03T20:45:08.103Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-11T03:56:05.594Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Mitigation
Implementation

If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.

Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
  • Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
  • Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.
Mitigation
Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection

An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-6: Argument Injection

An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.