Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15631 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9X5X-F58Q-J6C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-17 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-17 00:01
VLAI
Details
Adobe Animate version 22.0.5 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-16T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Animate version 22.0.5 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-9x5x-f58q-j6c5",
"modified": "2022-06-17T00:01:22Z",
"published": "2022-06-17T00:01:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/animate/apsb22-24.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9X64-XCVQ-38QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:16
VLAI
Details
A Stack-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in Fuji Electric V-Server VPR 4.0.1.0 and prior. The stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified, which may allow remote code execution.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5442"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-05T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Stack-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in Fuji Electric V-Server VPR 4.0.1.0 and prior. The stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified, which may allow remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-9x64-xcvq-38qc",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:16:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-032-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102903"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9X72-5C7M-VFF6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-25 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the tiff_planar_adobe functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 20.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-25T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the tiff_planar_adobe functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 20.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9x72-5c7m-vff6",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-09-25T18:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1750"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9X84-FGV4-3CHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-29 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-29 12:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability was found in the BFD library's DLX ELF backend (bfd/elf32-dlx.c) in GNU binutils. The dlx_rtype_to_howto() function maps ELF relocation types to internal howto structures but fails to perform adequate bounds checking on attacker-controlled relocation type values (via ELF32_R_TYPE(r_info)) before indexing into the dlx_elf_howto_table[] array. The DLX relocation type number space is non-contiguous (basic types 0-6, extended types at 0x10000+), but the default case in the switch statement allows arbitrary index values to reach the array access.
A specially crafted ELF/DLX object file can trigger this out-of-bounds write when processed by any BFD-consuming tool (objdump, readelf, strip, ld, nm, objcopy). The vulnerability has been demonstrated to achieve arbitrary code execution via a File Stream Oriented Programming (FSOP) attack against glibc FILE structures (stderr), redirecting control flow to system().
Attack scenarios include CI/CD pipelines performing automated binary analysis, developer workstations running objdump/readelf on untrusted binaries, automated security scanning or malware analysis tools invoking binutils, and package build systems processing third-party code.
Note: This vulnerability is only exploitable when binutils is built with the DLX backend enabled (typically via --enable-targets=all).
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-29T11:16:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability was found in the BFD library\u0027s DLX ELF backend (bfd/elf32-dlx.c) in GNU binutils. The dlx_rtype_to_howto() function maps ELF relocation types to internal howto structures but fails to perform adequate bounds checking on attacker-controlled relocation type values (via ELF32_R_TYPE(r_info)) before indexing into the dlx_elf_howto_table[] array. The DLX relocation type number space is non-contiguous (basic types 0-6, extended types at 0x10000+), but the default case in the switch statement allows arbitrary index values to reach the array access.\n\nA specially crafted ELF/DLX object file can trigger this out-of-bounds write when processed by any BFD-consuming tool (objdump, readelf, strip, ld, nm, objcopy). The vulnerability has been demonstrated to achieve arbitrary code execution via a File Stream Oriented Programming (FSOP) attack against glibc FILE structures (stderr), redirecting control flow to system().\n\nAttack scenarios include CI/CD pipelines performing automated binary analysis, developer workstations running objdump/readelf on untrusted binaries, automated security scanning or malware analysis tools invoking binutils, and package build systems processing third-party code.\n\nNote: This vulnerability is only exploitable when binutils is built with the DLX backend enabled (typically via --enable-targets=all).",
"id": "GHSA-9x84-fgv4-3chj",
"modified": "2026-07-29T12:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-07-29T12:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2507670"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9X94-2V7P-HHC9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:51
VLAI
Details
Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component of Oracle Virtualization (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 5.2.32 and prior to 6.0.10. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-2867"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-23T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component of Oracle Virtualization (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 5.2.32 and prior to 6.0.10. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-9x94-2v7p-hhc9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:51:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202101-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-963"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-07/msg00056.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9XF5-RRG6-JJ77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-12 03:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda W3 1.0.0.3(2204). This affects the function formSetAutoPing of the file /goform/setAutoPing of the component POST Parameter Handler. This manipulation of the argument ping1/ping2 causes stack-based buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3973"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-12T02:15:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in Tenda W3 1.0.0.3(2204). This affects the function formSetAutoPing of the file /goform/setAutoPing of the component POST Parameter Handler. This manipulation of the argument ping1/ping2 causes stack-based buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-9xf5-rrg6-jj77",
"modified": "2026-03-12T03:31:06Z",
"published": "2026-03-12T03:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Svigo-o/Tenda_vul/tree/main/tenda-w3-setautoping-ping1-buffer-overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Svigo-o/Tenda_vul/tree/main/tenda-w3-setautoping-ping2-buffer-overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.350408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.350408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9XFX-MR98-WRR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-11 18:30
VLAI
Details
Illustrator versions 28.3, 27.9.2 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-11T18:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Illustrator versions 28.3, 27.9.2 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-9xfx-mr98-wrr3",
"modified": "2024-04-11T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-04-11T18:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb24-25.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9XG5-C6XR-XWGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 00:31 – Updated: 2025-02-11 00:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in code-projects Police FIR Record Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Add Record Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T00:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in code-projects Police FIR Record Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Add Record Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-9xg5-c6xr-xwgc",
"modified": "2025-02-11T00:31:53Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T00:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/J0hnFFFF/j0hn_upload_four/blob/main/binary2.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.295067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.295067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.494009"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9XG8-P3W6-6X39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:02
VLAI
Details
Type confusion in JavaScript in Google Chrome prior to 79.0.3945.79 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-843"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-10T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Type confusion in JavaScript in Google Chrome prior to 79.0.3945.79 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-9xg8-p3w6-6x39",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:02:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:02:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1028862"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2Z5M4FPUMDNX2LDPHJKN5ZV5GIS2AKNU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N5CIQCVS6E3ULJCNU7YJXJPO2BLQZDTK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2020/Jan/27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00036.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9XH4-23Q4-V6WR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 14:26 – Updated: 2024-11-13 15:59
VLAI
Summary
Heap buffer overflow and undefined behavior in `FusedBatchNorm`
Details
Impact
The implementation of tf.raw_ops.FusedBatchNorm is vulnerable to a heap buffer overflow:
import tensorflow as tf
x = tf.zeros([10, 10, 10, 6], dtype=tf.float32)
scale = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)
offset = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)
mean = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)
variance = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)
epsilon = 0.0
exponential_avg_factor = 0.0
data_format = "NHWC"
is_training = False
tf.raw_ops.FusedBatchNorm(
x=x, scale=scale, offset=offset, mean=mean, variance=variance,
epsilon=epsilon, exponential_avg_factor=exponential_avg_factor,
data_format=data_format, is_training=is_training)
If the tensors are empty, the same implementation can trigger undefined behavior by dereferencing null pointers:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
x = tf.zeros([10, 10, 10, 1], dtype=tf.float32)
scale = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)
offset = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)
mean = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)
variance = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)
epsilon = 0.0
exponential_avg_factor = 0.0
data_format = "NHWC"
is_training = False
tf.raw_ops.FusedBatchNorm(
x=x, scale=scale, offset=offset, mean=mean, variance=variance,
epsilon=epsilon, exponential_avg_factor=exponential_avg_factor,
data_format=data_format, is_training=is_training)
The implementation fails to validate that scale, offset, mean and variance (the last two only when required) all have the same number of elements as the number of channels of x. This results in heap out of bounds reads when the buffers backing these tensors are indexed past their boundary.
If the tensors are empty, the validation mentioned in the above paragraph would also trigger and prevent the undefined behavior.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 6972f9dfe325636b3db4e0bc517ee22a159365c0.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
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"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29583"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-476",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-18T17:28:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe implementation of `tf.raw_ops.FusedBatchNorm` is vulnerable to a heap buffer overflow:\n \n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\nx = tf.zeros([10, 10, 10, 6], dtype=tf.float32)\nscale = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)\noffset = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)\nmean = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)\nvariance = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)\nepsilon = 0.0\nexponential_avg_factor = 0.0\ndata_format = \"NHWC\"\nis_training = False\n \ntf.raw_ops.FusedBatchNorm(\n x=x, scale=scale, offset=offset, mean=mean, variance=variance,\n epsilon=epsilon, exponential_avg_factor=exponential_avg_factor,\n data_format=data_format, is_training=is_training)\n```\n \nIf the tensors are empty, the same implementation can trigger undefined behavior by dereferencing null pointers:\n\n```python \nimport tensorflow as tf\nimport numpy as np\n\nx = tf.zeros([10, 10, 10, 1], dtype=tf.float32)\nscale = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)\noffset = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)\nmean = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)\nvariance = tf.constant([], shape=[0], dtype=tf.float32)\nepsilon = 0.0\nexponential_avg_factor = 0.0\ndata_format = \"NHWC\"\nis_training = False\n\ntf.raw_ops.FusedBatchNorm(\n x=x, scale=scale, offset=offset, mean=mean, variance=variance, \n epsilon=epsilon, exponential_avg_factor=exponential_avg_factor,\n data_format=data_format, is_training=is_training)\n``` \n\nThe [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/57d86e0db5d1365f19adcce848dfc1bf89fdd4c7/tensorflow/core/kernels/fused_batch_norm_op.cc) fails to validate that `scale`, `offset`, `mean` and `variance` (the last two only when required) all have the same number of elements as the number of channels of `x`. This results in heap out of bounds reads when the buffers backing these tensors are indexed past their boundary.\n\nIf the tensors are empty, the validation mentioned in the above paragraph would also trigger and prevent the undefined behavior.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [6972f9dfe325636b3db4e0bc517ee22a159365c0](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/6972f9dfe325636b3db4e0bc517ee22a159365c0).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.",
"id": "GHSA-9xh4-23q4-v6wr",
"modified": "2024-11-13T15:59:06Z",
"published": "2021-05-21T14:26:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-9xh4-23q4-v6wr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/6972f9dfe325636b3db4e0bc517ee22a159365c0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-511.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-709.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-220.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Heap buffer overflow and undefined behavior in `FusedBatchNorm`"
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.